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Trends in the Consumption of a chosen ATC Group A10AA (inhibitors HMG-CoA reductase) in the period 2005-2015 in the Czech Republic
Freimann, Antonín ; Lešetický, Ondřej (advisor) ; Železo, Eduard (referee)
The thesis deals with trends of drug consumption for the ATC group C10A (HMG-CoA reductase) in the Czech Republic in the years 2005 - 2015. The goal of this work is to analyse the consumption of statins (cholesterol lowering drugs), as well as to analyse the consumption trends (expressed in terms of prescribed daily doses) and subsequently explain the causes of the detected trends. The main method used in this work is the analysis and interpretation of data provided by the State Institute for Drug Control (SUKL). Individual consumption data sets are compared to each other and global trends are inferred based on the obtained results. In the practical part I analyse the consumption for the individual ATC groups according to their increasing lipid-lowering efficacy, according to the pharmaceutical companies involved and according to the experts' recommendations (within the framework of cardiovascular disease treatment). The conclusion of my work shows that the overall drug consumption for the the studied ATC group (given by the DDD/package total) was steadily increasing during the studied period while the consumption expressed in financial units was decreasing (ie. the financial burden on the health system was reduced). The total number of sold packages shows a slight decrease due to the sale of bigger packages with more powerful statins during the studied period.
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Characterization of liposomes as precursors for the preparation of models of cellular membrane using scattering techniques
Gjevik, Alžběta ; Kalina, Michal (referee) ; Mravec, Filip (advisor)
The bachelor thesis presents a cellular membrane design based on lecithin, cholesterol and POPG basis. It summarizes formation mechanisms, optimization techniques and characterization methods of model cellular membranes. It focuses on preparation of liposomes with various lipid compositions as precursors for model membranes preparation and characterization. Small unilamellar liposomes were formed by thin layer evaporation, thin layer rehydration in phosphate buffer and sonication. Size and stability (-potential) of formed liposomes were measured using dynamic light scattering. Successful supported lipid bilayer formation on glass surface by vesicular fusion was tested using the most stable lipid composition. SLB was characterized by Z-scan fluorescence correlation spectroscopy.
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Catering persons with hypercholesterolemia
CHARYPAROVÁ, Ludmila
My bachelor thesis is called ,,Food for people with hypercholesterolemia", and it focuses on cholesterol intake and its impact on the human body. The main aim of this thesis was to map the diet of people with hypercholesterolemia regarding both, quality and quantity of meals. The first part of this thesis is theoretical. It focuses on the description of basic nutritional components, on the issue of fat and cholesterol in the diet, on the characteristics of hypercholesterolemia disease, its classification, causes of development of this disease, treatment options and prognosis. The risk factors which lead to the hypercholesterolemia disease development, dietary restrictions, and some examples of low cholesterol and low fat diet menus are also mentioned in the first part of thesis. The practical part of this thesis was done as a qualitative and quantitative research. Qualitative research was conducted using the snowball method from February to March. Selected respondents recorded their diet for the period of one week. The diet was recorded in the record sheets which I evaluated after they were filled in and returned back to me. I entered all of the foods mentioned in the diet record sheets into the program ,,Nutriservis Prefesional", which helped me to calculate average intake of energy, fats, cholesterol, proteins and carbohydrates during the reference period. I also submitted questionnaire to examine eating habits, diseases and physical parameters of my respondents. The questionnaire was focused mainly on the frequency and quantity of food with high cholesterol. Then I determined the ideal weight according to BMI index for every respondent and from the ideal weight I calculated the ideal intake of calories, fats, proteins and carbohydrates per day. I compared ideal values of energy, macronutrients and cholesterol of each respondent with average values recorded during the research. The research revealed that most respondents have a diet with larger quantities of cholesterol than the recommended daily dose i.e. 300 mg of cholesterol per day.
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Vliv PUFA n-3 na expresi genů kódujících proteiny řídící homeostázu cholesterolu
Hyblerová, Dagmar
The aim of this study was to confirm that the polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 (n-3 PUFA) have a positive effect on plasma lipids. These acids can reduce cholesterol by increasing gene expression Insig-1 while decreasing the expression of genes encoding Hmgcr and Ldlr. We tested in experimental rats, which were added to the feed mixture of 6 % safflower oil , 6 % fish oil or 6 % of the oil from the algae Schizochytrium. Relative gene expression was Insig-1 in the test group with addition of fish oil to 120% of controls (P<0.05) and in the group with addition of oils from algae Schizochytrium the relative expression of 170 % of control (P<0.05). These results confirm our hypothesis, only a part, as the relative expression of the gene and Hmgcr and Ldlr was in the test group with addition of fish oil 103% (P>0.05) and 101 % of control (P>0.05) and in the group with addition of oils from algae Schizochytrium the relative expression of 117% (P>0.05) and 156 % (P>0.05) compared to control. Thus, to reduce the relative expression of these genes did not. However, we have shown that n-3 PUFA contribute to a reduction in plasma cholesterol and in this case up to 20 % of control. The concentration of cholesterol in the group with addition of safflower oil was 1.35 mmol.l-1, the group with the addition of fish oil 0.98 mmol.l-1.
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Ovlivnění plazmatické hladiny cholesterolu modelového organizmu polynenasycenými mastnými kyselinami n-3
Čeganová, Markéta
The aim of this thesis is to assess the influence of the polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially DHA and EPA in the diet on the animal organism in accordance to the levels of total HDL and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides in plasma. As experimental animals were used rats and they were divided into 3 groups of 10 pieces: control group with the addition of 6 % Carthamus tinctorius (n-6 flares), the group with the addition of 6 % fish oil (n-3: EPA, DHA fish) and the group with 6 % addition of oil from Schizochytrium (n-3: DHA, DHA). After 40 days the animals were putted to death according to relevant regulations. Blood lipids were obtained from blood samples by spectrophotometry. Value of polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-3 and n-6 was set by gas chromatography in the liver, muscle and adipose tissue. In accordance to the increase of content n-3 PUFA in group with fish oil and with oil from Schizochytrium, total and LDL cholesterol was reduced in comparison of samples in control group. In comparison to the control group were TAG reduced only in the group with addition of oil.
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Comparison of level total cholesterol in serum for residents from Pilsen and Czech Budweis provided similar eating habits
FRAITOVÁ, Lucie
Measuring cholesterol is considered as a screening test used primarily to determine cardiovascular risk and monitoring lipid-lowering therapy. Since this is a screening examination, there is a need for further laboratory tests - the lipid profile (HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides). Patients who get examined as a part of lipid-lowering therapy should follow a diet. These patiens need to be examined more frequently. Population of Czech Republic is considered at risk of early occurrence of atherosclerosis and its complications. Every year in the Czech Republic nearly 60 000 people die from cardiac and vascular disease. Cardiovascular disease increasingly affects younger age group. They are also a cause of disability of people of working age. One of the main indicators is high level of cholesterol. Accurate and precise measurement of blood cholesterol plays a role in the reduction of morbidity and mortality of people with cardio vascular disease. The aim of this thesis is to: 1) Measure the total cholesterol sample population of Plzeň and České Budějovice 2) Compare and find differences in serum total cholesterol in both locations In the theoretical part of the thesis I was interested in what foods increase cholesterol and what foods can reduce high cholesterol. Furthermore, the theoretical part describes diseases that may occur during hypercholesterolemia. The basic ones include atherosclerosis and its complications, which include heart disease or stroke. Preanalytical factor that may significantly affect laboratory tests are described in this part too. The practical part describes everything from an intake of biological material in the laboratory through the preparation (centrifugation, creating aliquots) to insertion of a secondary sample into the analytical device. Research for the thesis was conducted in the biochemical laboratory of synlab czech s.r.o. in České Budějovice. In this part I investigate ? under supervision ? a total of 100 samples of venous blood from people of Plzeň and České Budějovice. I determined the total cholesterol in serum. Cobas Integra 800 automatic biochemical analyzer was used for the examination of the biological material. In routine practice enzymatic methods are used to determine levels of cholesterol. Cholesterol esters are converted by cholesterol esterase into free cholesterol and fatty acids. Free cholesterol is oxidized by cholesterol oxidase to form cholestenone and hydrogen peroxide. The resultant hydrogen peroxide reacts with 4-aminoantipyrine and phenol to form a red color and water. The color intensity is directly proportional to the concentration of cholesterol and is measured by absorption spectrophotometry at 512 nm.Measured laboratory results were statistically processed and neatly sorted into tables and graphs using the computer program. Data from Plzeň and České Budějovice were sorted according to gender and evaluated using graphs. The data sets were then compared to each other and the difference in cholesterol levels was registered. All the results are in the table and graphs. Hypercholesterolemia was detected in 29 samples from Plzeň and 27 from České Budějovice.
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Knowledge of plasma lipids of university students, smokers
VARAUSOVÁ, Anežka Gabriela
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are among the most common causes of death. The risk factors include, among others, hypercholesterolemia. It has been long believed that a high level of cholesterol intake via meals (dietary cholesterol) has negative effects on the cardiovascular system and therefore it has been deliberately removed from diet. Several studies, however, confirm the assumption that cholesterol in diet (dietary cholesterol) has little effect on cholesterol levels in blood. The human body receives cholesterol through nourishment in form of animal fats, but it can produce it in the liver, too. So if cholesterol is removed from nourishment due to a diet, the liver can cover the need of cholesterol through increased production. Cholesterol level in the human body is influenced by many factors most of which we can control. These factors include food containing too much saturated fat or cholesterol, overweight, physical inactivity, congenital health conditions, age and gender. There are no symptoms of hypercholesterolemia at the first stage and that is why the current population does not pay such attention, which it should deserve, to hypercholesterolemia. Because there are a number of educational materials on this subject, I decided to explore among the university students (especially smokers) if they are interested in this subject and what their knowledge is. Objective: The main goal of my thesis was to map out the university students´ (smokers) knowledge of plasma lipids. The bachelor thesis was prepared by means of a quantitative research using questionnaires. The research sample consisted of 300 full-time students. I collected 270 filled-in questionnaires out of the 300 distributed. The questionnaire return rate was therefore 90%. 99 out of those 270 were unusable due to the fact that the respondents did not belong to the target group. The total number of questionnaires to be evaluated was 171 questionnaires. Results: I defined a research hypothesis. Hypothesis # 1 Knowledge of plasma lipids of university students, smokers is inadequate, has been confirmed. 36 (21%) respondents out of the total 171 respondents knew their level of cholesterol and 135 (79%) of the respondents did not know their level. Conclusion: This thesis can be used in practice as a publication, to increase the general awareness of students and professors of the issue of cholesterol. An educational material is attached to this thesis that can be used in general practitioners? surgeries.
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Disorders of energetic metabolism of the horned cattle
HORČIČKOVÁ, Michaela
The work was concentrated on the value of an impact for metabolism of two types of nutritive ration with milch cows of Holstein breed in the period of making cow milk on the top of lactation. The nutritive ration based on the grass haylage was compared to the nutritive mixed ration based on the grass haylage and maize silage. The successive energetic parameters glycaemia, cholesterol, triacylglycerols, urae and totally albumens were evaluated in the practised metabolic profile tests. Complementary parameters were enzyme gamma-glutamyl, ketone bodies substances and acid-basic secretion of urine. The work evidenced that the nutritive ration based on the grass haylage did not fill up the determinated requirements from the point of the dry substance and nett energy of lactation. The mentioned lack reflected the reduced content triacylglycerols especially in the rising phase of lactation. The energetic deficit in that period was not such that a reduction of the condition of the milch cows would occure frequently and the creation of ketone bodies substances. The nutritive ration based on the grass haylage is possible to use like an alternative nourishment of high productive milch cows in marginal situations and only for limited time.
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