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Synthesis and characterization of derivatives of militarily important substances
Sláma, Michal ; Cigánek, Martin (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
The Organization for the prohibition of chemical weapons verifies the adherence to the Chemical weapons convention. To fulfil this objective, it is necessary to have reliable methods for the identification of chemical warfare agents. Gas chromatography is the most important method in analysis of chemical warfare agents. Central database of prohibited substance is yet not complete and is steadily updated over the years. The experimental part of the diploma thesis describes the preparation of alkyl methylphosphonates. Prepared substances were analysed by means of gas chromatography. Mass spectra and retention indices were obtained.
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History and Present Status of the Chemical Weapons
Virglerová, Kateřina ; Doležel, Ludvík (referee) ; Mika, Otakar Jiří (advisor)
In the first part, this bachelor thesis deals with the history of chemical weapons from the high antiquity to present. In the next part, the thesis concentrates on the international Convention on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (1993) with a special focus on the current status of its implementation in the area of the destruction of chemical weapons and chemical warfare agents. The final part of the thesis is aimed at the current national regulations on the prohibition of chemical weapons and at the implementation of these measures in the conditions of the Czech Republic. The control activity of the State Office for Nuclear Safety is evaluated primarily and its possible improvement is suggested.
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Chemical and biological weapons of mass destruction
MYSLÍK, Karel
The thesis focuses on weapons of mass destruction. The goal was to analyze knowledge about chemical and biological weapons among selected components of the integrated rescue system in the South Bohemian Region. The theoretical part is divided into several parts. First part deals with the characteristics of chemical weapons, their history, the use of chemical weapons during the First World War in the interwar period, but also modern history. The second part deals with the characteristics and distribution of biological weapons, their history, the main representatives of combat biological agents are described here, e.g. anthrax, smallpox, plague, cholera, tularemia and others. The next chapter describes the warfare use and testing of biological weapons and the definition of SARS and COVID-19. The last part deals with international regulations regarding weapons of mass destruction, such as the Geneva Protocol (1925), the Chemical Weapons Convention (1993), or the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (2017). The research part presents the results of a questionnaire survey among 470 respondents who were members of the Fire Rescue Service of the South Bohemian Region, the Police of the Czech Republic, the Army of the Czech Republic and employees of the Medical Rescue Service of the South Bohemian Region. The results of the questionnaire survey were evaluated using the methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics. On the basis of the conducted questionnaire survey, it is possible to state that the respondents' knowledge exceeded the set 60 %. The level of knowledge of members of the Fire Rescue Service of the South Bohemian Region is comparable to the level of knowledge of the respondents of other components of the integrated rescue system.
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Possibilities of misuse of selected chemical warfare agents in a terrorist attack in the Czech Republic
HŘEBEČEK, Jan
The bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of the misuse of chemical warfare agents in a terrorist attack. In the theoretical part, the terms terrorism, chemical terrorism, dangerous chemical substances and mixtures and chemical warfare agents were defined on the basis of legal regulations and professional literature. Furthermore, chemical warfare agents are described in detail, the possibilities of their spread, effects of use and, based on a theoretical study of sources, a list of serious terrorist acts in which chemical agents have been used and the current security situation in the fight against chemical terrorism in the Czech Republic. In the practical part, selected BCHL were evaluated on the basis of significant kriteria and simulated a terrorist attack in the Prague metro. The aim of the work was to evaluate the possibilities of misuse of selected BCHL in a terrorist attack and to answer the research question whether the use of chemical terrorism in the Czech Republic is currently a threat. Based on the obtained results, it can be stated that chemical terrorism is currently a threat in the Czech Republic. The reason is the relatively easy availability of these substances, the low financial costs of carrying out an attack and the minimum requirements for the expertise of attackers. The work offers a relatively comprehensive view of the issue.
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Interpretations of a negative result of the British parliament vote on military intervention in Syria
Nováková, Denisa ; Váška, Jan (advisor) ; Rovná, Lenka (referee)
On August 21 2013 a massive chemical attack took place in Syria. On the basis of the attack the British Prime Minister convened parliament and asked the House of Commons for the approval of a military intervention in Syria. The government motion was however disapproved by 285:272 votes and therefore the possible military intervention and the further voting on this issue was blocked. Right after the vote a series of possible causes and consequences occurred. This bachelor thesis "Interpretations of a negative result of the British parliament vote on military intervention in Syria" tries to systematically analyze possible causes and identify the main factors, which contributed to the negative result. Then it tries to justify why Britain as a country with long history of humanitarian intervention refused to intervene in a country where one of the greatest humanitarian crisis of the 21st century takes place. Moreover when a military intervention in Libya took place under the current government. At the same time the bachelor thesis puts an emphasis on the character of the Syrian conflict, British political discourse in the context of a military intervention and experience with foreign-political interventions. Then it also analyses the allocation of seats in the British parliament, current state in a...
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Forbidden means and ways of conducting armed conflicts.
Novotný, Jan ; Ondřej, Jan (advisor) ; Balaš, Vladimír (referee)
The title of the thesis is forbidden means and ways of conducting armed conflicts. Obviously, this topic is too broad, so thesis is focused on the issue of chemical and biological weapons. These devices are among the weapons of mass destruction and undoubtedly pose one of the major dangers of the contemporary world. The overall goal of this work is to provide perspective on the issue of chemical and biological weapons from a historical perspective and particularly from a perspective of the international law. International legal documents are viewed in historical and political context. Through this analysis of international treaties, we can "effectively" consider their impacts and responses in a "real world". The first part of the thesis serves as a historical introduction with some interesting chapters from early history of chemical and biological weapons. The second part deals with the birth of these weapons in a new and modern form in the 19th century. Great attention is paid to the period of the World War I. It was in this global conflict in which chemical weapons were used in their modern form and in the most massive form at the same time. In next chapters, this thesis examines how chemical and biological weapons and their international legal regulation evolved during the 20th century,...
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Prohibited means and methods of warfare - biological and chemical weapons
Dudková, Kristýna ; Ondřej, Jan (advisor) ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (referee)
Prohibitied Means and Methods of Warfare - Biological Weapons and Chemical Weapons The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effectiveness of legislation banning the development, production, stockpiling, using and subsequent destruction of biological and chemical weapons and how are conventions, which prohibit the aforementioned, followed. I deal with these areas so I concluded if biological and chemical weapons still pose a threat to the world. During solving these objectives, I have focused on the classification of the prohibition of biological and chemical weapons to the law of armed conflicts and disarmament law, and whether the prohibition of the use of biological and chemical weapons is considered as part of customary law. Professional publications in the field of international law, political science, military, medicine and others were used to achieve the objectives of the research. They were also used UN resolutions, conventions, which regulate prohibited means and methods of warfare, particularly those that prohibit production, development, stockpiling and use of biological and chemical weapons and, last but not least, reports of international organizations dealing with this area, such as Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and Arms Control Association. The thesis is...
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Legal aspects of weapons of mass destruction
Stoklasová, Barbora ; Ondřej, Jan (advisor) ; Lipovský, Milan (referee)
LEGAL ASPECTS OF WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION, ABSTRAKT V ANGLICKÉM JAZYCE The aim of this rigorosum thesis is to create an overview of weapons of mass destruction (including their development and history, combat deployment and their subsequent effect on the international community), to evaluate their status and combat deployment on the basis of custom or international agreements and to further critically evaluate the newest regulation of weapons of mass destruction (i.e. development from the latter half of the 20thcentury), its effectiveness as well as possibilities of further development. In general terms, this thesis deals with international law, only briefly touching legislation on the national level. The first chapter consists of a brief introduction. The second chapter includes a list of basic terminology, e.g. definitions for weapons of mass destruction, biological, chemical and nuclear weapons, international law, law of war, law of customs, international agreements, forbidden means of combat and prohibited ways of conducting armed conflicts. The third chapter deals with the development of chemical weapons from their early history all the way to current regulation. The fourth chapter contains information on chemical weapons beginning with their first development and their original ("absent")...
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The Causes of Iraqi War: Why the US Administration decided to invade Iraq in 2003
Bartková Sodomová, Renáta ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Karlas, Jan (referee)
The thesis: "The Causes of Iraqi War: Why the US Administration decided to invade Iraq in 2003" focuses on explanation why the administration of the USA made that step. The specification of the roots of war is based on five causes and seventeen subcauses according to the essay of Stephen Van Evera and other scholars, and the paper trough the methodology of text's analyzes investigates behavior, decision-making process and motivations of the US administration (the level of units) and some steps of the US president G. W. Bush (individual level) in the process leading to the war in Iraq. Concerning the causes of war, the paper introduces different concepts of the offense-defense balance and analyzes whether the balance was disrupted. Secondly, it examines the role of cumulative resources in Iraq like oil, territory and state structures and it shows how they influenced the decision. Third, it searches for the linkage among an emergence of a new threat and responses to it which mouthed to the acceptance of the concept of the first move advantage. Fourth, the thesis accounts for the roots of misperception, where they originate and how they operated in perception of the US administration of the Iraqi threat. Finally, the investigation of the last root of conflict explains why and how windows of...
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Syrian Civil War from the Perspective of Czech and German Diplomacy
NOVOTNÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis elaborates on the topic of one of the biggest humanitarian crises since the Second World War - the Syrian Civil War. Special attention is given to the perspective of Czech and German diplomacy regarding this conflict. At first, the reader is made familiar with the aspects of authoritarian ruling in the Middle East. These aspects are analysed in a broader context, regarding the Arab spring, which started in 2011 and later developed into Arabellion. Secondly, the main events of the Syrian Civil War (till late 2018) are described as well, so that the reader can get an overview of the process of this war. And last but not least, the Czech foreign policy and the German foreign policy towards the affairs in Syria are analysed and commented by the author of the thesis. As both countries are members of the EU, which has its own Common Foreign and Security Policy, this aspect is also mentioned in the conclusion of the thesis.
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