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Neurotraining in tennis
Gavendová, Karolína ; Kočíb, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hráský, Pavel (referee)
Title: Neuro-athletic training in tennis Objectives: The bachelor thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is theoretical and its aim is to inform about neuro-athletic training and the possibilities of including this training in the tennis preparation of players of different age categories. At the same time, the theoretical part also provides a basic overview of the central nervous system and sensory systems on which neuro-athletic training is built. The goal of the second part is to create a stack of exercises that neuro-athletic training uses for tennis players of different age categories. The set of exercises will be divided into four sections - evaluation of training results, general exercises for visual, vestibular and proprioceptive training, neuro-athletic exercises for speed development, neuro-athletic exercises for strength development. Methods: In the theoretical part, we analyzed literature, internet resources and videos dealing with the topic of neuro-athletic training. Based on the analysis, we synthesized the individual findings in order to create a clear information base on the physiological aspects of tennis, the central nervous system and sensory senses, neuro-athletic training. Based on this information, we selected suitable neuro- athletic exercises and created a stack of...
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The role of a specific miRNAs in the regulation of apoptosis during physiological and pathophysiological processes in the CNS
Kaslová, Tereza ; Romanyuk, Natalyia (advisor) ; Klassen, Ruslan (referee)
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs of 20 to 24 nucleotides in size that are able to post- transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to mRNA. This paper focuses on how these microRNAs are generated and how they are able to regulate at the level of proteins involved in programmed cell death - apoptosis. By what mechanisms apoptosis occurs, what proteins are involved and what changes the cell undergoes are further discussed in this thesis. The precise influence of this post-transcriptional regulation is presented by using selected microRNAs that influence apoptosis during the development of the central nervous system, as well as during and as a consequence of the neurodegenerative diseases and damage that can affect it. Finally, it will also introduce the use of microRNAs as potential biomarkers, due to changes in their levels associated with various diseases, and as direct therapeutic targets. Keywords Apoptosis, microRNA, cell death, central nervous system, neurodegenerative diseases, gene expression regulation
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Glial cells in central nervous system pathology: the role of Wnt signaling
Bronišová, Denisa ; Kriška, Ján (advisor) ; Heleš, Mário (referee)
Wnt signaling plays an important role in regulating cell growth, differentiation, or movement. This represents a potential in the treatment of pathologies in which the proliferation or differentiation of new cells could be key to the regeneration and mitigation of the consequences of the disease. Glial cells are more than just a glue for neurons, and they have important roles in pathologies in maintaining cell metabolism and survival, and brain functioning in general. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to provide a literature review of the roles of Wnt signaling in glial cells in the healthy brain, but especially in central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. The work provides an overview of the main types of glial cells in the CNS, a description of three Wnt signaling pathways, and focuses in detail on selected CNS pathologies and the role and changes of Wnt signaling that occur in these pathologies. Further research utilizing the potential of Wnt signaling in glial cells might lead to the development of novel therapies that could change the fate of patients with CNS diseases.
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The role of aquaporins in the Alzheimer's disease
Kubísková, Monika ; Turečková, Jana (advisor) ; Vlachová, Viktorie (referee)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with complex pathophysiology affecting the central nervous system (CNS). In progress of the disease, various pathological changes occur in the brain, leading to neurodegeneration and subsequent impairment of physiological and cognitive functions. Although it is the most common cause of dementia in elderly, currently, there is no effective treatment for AD that that targets its underlying mechanisms. There are different theories as to which process is the key trigger for the development of AD. The generally accepted theory considers increased production of amyloid β (Aβ), its accumulation in the ECS and the formation of amyloid plaques as the main cause of the disease. However, recent studies show that the primary cause of amyloid plaque formation is not increased Aβ production, but rather its impaired clearance through the glymphatic system, the main component of which are aquaporin water channels, specifically aquaporin-4 (AQP4). The goal of this thesis is to provide an overview of the available knowledge on the involvement of aquaporins in AD pathophysiology, with a particular focus on AQP4 and its role in the glymphatic system. Key words: Alzheimer's disease, neurodegeneration, central nervous system, astrocytes, aquaporins,...
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Effect of hippotherapy at clients with sclerosis muiltiplex.
Hrbasová, Hana ; Leontovyčová, Jana (advisor) ; Šifta, Petr (referee)
Hipotherapy is a complex therapy, broaden and recently very sought after rehabilitation method, which is being more and more recognized by experts for its broaden scene. It is a complex therapy thanks to involving medicine, psychology, pedagogy and also a social sphere. That's why is this method indicated at many different levels of disablement. It's being used with pacients with children's cerebral palsy, diverse level of cerebral dysfunction and multiple sclerosis. And it's the therapy's effect on multiple sclerosis that this thesis paper discusses. It also applies to brain and spinal traumas, scoliosis, back pain, orthopedic defects, cardiovascular disease, degenerative muscle disease, obesity, as well as it provides help at emotional and mental aspect, e.g. children with behavioral disorders and many others. At hipotherapy is being used a three dimensional (multidimensional) horse motion. Horse's spine moves up - down, forward - backward, right - left. Imitating a mechanisms of human walking, which leads to relaxation of spasticity. Impulses are transmitted onto back which brings interaction of impeller and back muscles, stand up pose, and posture interference. All this brings a walking improvements, movements coordination, balance and consolidation of a flabby muscles. Each horse has a different nature...
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Case report of therapeutic care patient after brain tumor surgery in the temporal lobe
Soukup, Petr ; Křížková, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Kozáková, Alena (referee)
Title: Case report of therapeutic care patient after brain tumor surgery in the temporal lobe Object of paper: The primary aim of this work is to describe the subject of CNS - tumors lokalized in the brain, specifically in the temporal lobe and subsequently a case study of a patient with this diagnosis, which was established during a hospital university-internship. Abstract: The general part deals with the theoretical information about the nervous system and brain tumors. Where as the specific part shows a case report of pateint after a brain tumor surgery in the temporal lobe. The materialis and the fundation of this bachelor dissertation were gathered at the neurological in-patient ward in regional hospital Kladno. Key words: Tumor, physiotherapy (physical therapy), central nervous system, temopral lobe (lobus temporalis)
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Effect of hippotherapy at clients with sclerosis multiplex
Hrbasová, Hana ; Leontovyčová, Jana (advisor) ; Dvořáčková, Hana (referee)
Hipotherapy is a complex therapy, broaden and recently very sought after rehabilitation method, which is being more and more recognized by experts for its broaden scene. It is a complex therapy thanks to involving medicine, psychology, pedagogy and also a social sphere. That's why is this method indicated at many different levels of disablement. It's being used with pacients with children's cerebral palsy, diverse level of cerebral dysfunction and multiple sclerosis. And it's the therapy's effect on multiple sclerosis that this thesis paper discusses. It also applies to brain and spinal traumas, scoliosis, back pain, orthopedic defects, cardiovascular disease, degenerative muscle disease, obesity, as well as it provides help at emotional and mental aspect, e.g. children with behavioral disorders and many others. At hipotherapy is being used a three dimensional (multidimensional) horse motion. Horse's spine moves up - down, forward - backward, right - left. Imitating a mechanisms of human walking, which leads to relaxation of spasticity. Impulses are transmitted onto back which brings interaction of impeller and back muscles, stand up pose, and posture interference. All this brings a walking improvements, movements coordination, balance and consolidation of a flabby muscles. Each horse has a different nature...
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Incidence and role of the purinergic P2X7 receptor in the immune system
Piskačová, Kateřina ; Zemková, Hana (advisor) ; Červená, Kateřina (referee)
It has been shown recently that extracellular ATP and its metabolite adenosine are key mediators in the immune system. Depending on the concentration, ATP may act as an activator or an inhibitor to the immune response, whereas adenosine is generally well known as a specific immunosupressor. Signals delivered by extracellular ATP and adenosine are detected and transduced by purinergic P2- and P1- receptors, respectively. In principle, all cells of the immune system express P2X, P2Y and adenosine P1 receptors on their plasmatic membrane. Therefore, the purinergic signaling extends to all components of the immune and inflammatory responses, including neurodegenerative diseases. This knowledge triggered a wave of interest in research, development and synthesis of new compounds having effect on P1- and P2- receptors that could help in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. This bachelor thesis will summarize the most recent knowledge on the role of the P2X7 receptor in these processes. This subtype of P2-receptor is unique because it is involved in the release of cytokines from immune cells and plays a role in the cell growth and apoptosis.
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