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Radon solutions in selected high schools in South Bohemia
PICHLOVÁ, Irena
The principal aim of this diploma thesis was to monitor radon volume activity from the ground at the buildings of selected high schools in the South Bohemian Region. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis was processed by secondary data analysis. With the help of professional literature, valid legislation and Internet texts, radon problems were analyzed. I dealt with the penetration of radon from the subsoil, water and construction material into the buildings. Furthermore, its biological effects on human health, radon program, subsidies and legislation regulating radon problems. The research was proceed through a qualitative search using secondary data analysis. The needful data for the research part of the diploma thesis I got from my own measurement of radon volume activity in five high schools in the South Bohemian Region, supplemented by the measurement of carbon dioxide. I measured the radon volume activity with the continual monitor Radim 5B and the carbon dioxide concentration with the Wöhler KM 410 for climate assessment. Measured result values were processed using special programs on the computer and the results were displayed in graphs. The measurements made it clear that in selected schools up to one have not a greater problem with radon. From the measured values of carbon dioxide concentrations is evident that in schools is not enough ventilation, and the insulation of the building and the replacement of the windows on behalf of Eurowindows plastic or wooden has an fundamental effect. Consequently, the concentration of radon is then higher than it could be. In view of these facts, it would be advisable to carry out a ventilation system in schools or create vents in the masonry to ensure that clean air is drawn into the building.
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Determination of CO2 exhaust emissions for CNG, petrol and diesel vehicles
Chytil, Ivo ; Libich, Jiří (referee) ; Bača, Petr (advisor)
The thesis deals with the topic of Carbon dioxide emissions that are created by Petrol, Diesel and CNG vehicles. In the first part of the thesis, the results of theoretical calculations are compared with the values of the manufacturer of the specific vehicle. In the second part, a specific method has been selected for calculations with real data from transport. The savings of CO2 produced by the specific vehicle are expressed in percentage – depending on the fuel used. The operating expenses from the real data are calculated and compared with hybrid and electric vehicles. In the final part of the thesis, the ratio of fleet type vehicles to the financial/ecological aspect was proposed.
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The Methane flux (CH4) from willow (Salilx sp.)
JANEBOVÁ, Klára
The aim of the thesis was to study the methane flux (CH4) from crack willow (Salix fragilis) and bay willow (Salix pentandra) at the ecosystem station Wet Meadow by Třeboň (49°01 N; 14°46 E). The research was carried out in May 2016. Methane is one of the important greenhouse gases, which plants can emit into the atmosphere. Neither the fluxes of methane from willows nor the factors influencing them were so far sufficiently monitored. The thesis became a part of the whole year's monitoring of these fluxes, carried out by the Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, under the lead of expert consultant Dr. rer. nat. Mgr. Macháčová. The fluxes of CH4 were measured with the help of manual static chamber systems located in three height-levels and online portable laser gas analyser. The fluxes were processed, statistically evaluated and coherent tables and charts were created from the results. Based on these results we can conclude, that all examined trees have released CH4 and CO2 from their trunks, however no significant statistical difference between morning and afternoon fluxes was measured. S. fragilis was emitting higher amounts of CH4 and CO2 than S. pentandra. At the same time emissions dramatically decreased along with decreasing trunk height. Therefore the highest emissions were detected directly at the ground level. Moreover, the emissions of CH4 and CO2 were measured from the soil as well.
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The development of prices of CO2 allowances in relation to the world conferences about climate change
JIREK, Pavel
The main aim of this thesis is to show how emission allowances for carbon dioxide work in the emission control system of the European Union. The first and second chapters explain global warming, give a summary of views on how to solve environmental pollution using economic instruments and inform about the first summit climate changes in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro. The third and fourth chapters discuss the origin and development of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) and other climate summits that were held between 2007 - 2015. The analytical part of my thesis deals with the third trading period of the EU ETS, the factors affecting the price of allowance and the measures resulting from global climate conferences. In this part I verify whether it is possible for climate conferences to be considered trend that moves the entire demand curve. This premise was tested with the aid of hypothesis: "In the period of the climate conference increases price of allowance." This hypothesis was examined on the basis of the condition ceteris paribus and the result of this thesis is the fact that conferences don't influence price of allowance. The results indicate that the price of allowance is probably influenced by other factors that were not the subject of my analysis.
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Analysis of the development of trading with emission alowances in Europe
Hetešová, Zuzana ; Němcová, Ingeborg (advisor) ; Bič, Josef (referee)
The aim of this thesis is the analysis of development of trading with emission alowances, especially evaluation of the system efficiency (as for the amount of released carbon dioxide in the atmosphere) and verification of the share growth of renewable resources in total electricity production in Europe. Also examined is the correlation between the oil price and and the emission alowance price, and also potential impact of the system EU ETS on companies producing emmisions. At the end of thesis are proposed some changes for more efficient operation of system.
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Wood ants of genus Formica as important ecosystem engeneers
Jílková, Veronika ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Tajovský, Karel (referee) ; Bonkowski, Michael (referee)
This thesis consists of one chapter accepted for publication in a book and four papers published in international journals with impact factors. All of the contributions deal with the role of wood ants in energy and nutrient fluxes in forest ecosystems. Wood ant nests are known as hot spots of carbon dioxide (CO2) production and are also thought to affect methane (CH4) flux. Stable high temperatures are maintained in ant nests even in cold environments. This study is focused on quantification of CO2 and CH4 flux in wood ant nests, contribution of ants and microbes to CO2 production, properties of nest material that affect CO2 production and the role of ants and microbes in the maintenance of nest temperature. The research was conducted in temperate and boreal forests inhabited by wood ants (Formica s. str.). Gas fluxes were measured either by an infrared gas analyser or a static chamber technique. Ants and nest materials were also incubated in a laboratory. Material properties potentially influencing CO2 flux, such as moisture, nutrient content or temperature were determined. According to the results, CH4 oxidation was lower in wood ant nests than in the surrounding forest soil suggesting that some characteristics of ant nests hinder CH4 oxidation or promote CH4 production. Wood ant nests clearly are hot...
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Microclimate in classrooms and lecture halls throughout the year and its impact on health and focus of students
Malinda, Martin ; Zíková, Naděžda (advisor) ; Mašková, Ludmila (referee)
There is a growing evidence that thermal comfort, light levels and carbon dioxide concentration can have significant impact on alertness and performance. We have documented microclimate (temperature, relative humidity, light intensity level and CO2 concentration) in 7 different lecture rooms throughout the year. We have not measured any extreme conditions but on significant amount of lectures the microclimate conditions were not optimal. Out of 68 measured lectures 2 had median temperature below 19 řC and 13 lectures over 24 řC, i.e. out of the recommended values. On the cold lectures, students were observed to wear jackets and on the hot ones students were frequently opening windows which also suggest that the thermal conditions were suboptimal.. CO2 concentrations were suboptimal mostly in winter, when 26 out of 39 lectures had median CO2 levels above 1000 ppm which is, according to ASHRAE (American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers), an indicator for inadequate ventilation. Median CO2 level for all lectures from both semesters was 1060 ppm. Even though window opening effectively lowers CO2 concentrations, we found it to be as mostly a reactive behavior. It is very likely that if it would be done proactively, especially CO2 levels could be kept significantly lower. Light...
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Characterization of indoor air in health care buildings
Hladíková, Dita ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Holcátová, Ivana (referee)
Hospitals and healthcare facilities are very specific times of microenvironments, which requiring monitoring air quality. People who use healthcare facilities are due to a weakened immune system very sensitive to air quality. Acceptable indoor air quality in healthcare facilities may have adverse effects on job performance at the personnel and their errors may have very serious consequences. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the main components of the inner microclimate (temperature and relative air humidity) and concentrations of carbon dioxide in the environment of selected healthcare facilities in the Czech Republic and to compare the results with the related legislation. The measurements were carried out in two hospitals and nine private medical offices from December 2011 to March 2013. The results showed that the values of microclimate factors and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the environment of patient rooms were different in cold and warm part of the year. In the patient rooms the levels of relative humidity diverged from the legal requirements mostly in winter - while those of temperature in summer. The concentration of carbon dioxide was affected by the occupancy rate and the size of the rooms. Air quality in the operating theater was primarily characterized by very low relative...
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