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The impact of breast cancer on the patient's activities of daily living
Trnková, Anežka ; Nikodemová, Hana (advisor) ; Klokočková, Šárka (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of breast cancer and its impact on the lives of women affected by this disease. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on a detailed description of the anatomy of the breast, risk factors associated with the occurrence of breast cancer, preventive measures, diagnostic methods, various forms of treatment and its possible side effects. In the empirical part of this thesis the results of the questionnaire survey are described, the data are statistically processed and the results of the survey are compared with the results of previously conducted studies. The methodology of this investigation included the development of questionnaires, the structure of which was previously consulted with the thesis supervisor and an expert in the field of oncogynecology. The data collection based on the questionnaire developed by me took place at the Oncology Clinic of the University Hospital in Motol and 46 respondents were included in the research population. The aim of this work was to analyze the impact of breast cancer on the normal daily activities and general life of patients, including physical, psychological and social aspects that are associated with this diagnosed disease. Results: individual responses to each question were described in detail and supplemented...
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Psychological and social aspects of coping with oncological gynecological illnesses (focused on breast cancer)
Šreibrová, Lenka ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
The thesis "Psychological and social aspects of coping with oncological gynecokogical illnesses (focused on breast cancer)" studies the demands and difficulties which women diagnosed with breast cancer are delaing with. In the theoretical part, attention is given to breast tumor and to the stages of the illness. It shows the needs and problems the women face and the possibilities of psychological help. This part of my thesis also describes different types of cure and its specifics and the changes it brings to the women's life. It is followed by coping strategies and defence mechanisms. In conclusion, the effects of the illness on personal relationships are outlined. In the empirical part, we map supporting psychological and other factors which helped with the treatment and with coping with it. The empirical part comprises 11 individual interviews with women who had breast cancer. The research methodology is supplemented with The Life Satisfaction Inventory. In the interviews we also focused on the factors of health care which were helping and the ones that could be improved. The results of the mapping qualitative study indicated two most important factors which helped the women to cope with this serious illness. It was social support and active coping strategies. In the sphere of health care, the...
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Study of population specific alterations of breast cancer predisposition genes in Czech Republic.
Judasová, Kristýna ; Ševčík, Jan (advisor) ; Holá, Dana (referee)
Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant disease in the female population worldvide. About 10 % of all cases are of hereditary origin. The inactivation of tumor suppressor gene BRCA1 is the main genetic predisposing factor in breast cancer in the Czech Republic. Primarily, BRCA1 participates in DNA double strand break repair. Depending on cell cycle phase, the damage is repaired by homologous recombination or non-homologous end joining. Alternative splicing variants of BRCA1 are frequently detected during the genetic screening of high risk patients. The clinical significance of these variants is unknown. Understanding of the nature of breast cancer genetics is the critical factor for early diagnosis. Based on earlier studies from the Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University, two alternative splicing variants which were repeatedly detected in patients, were chosen for functional analysis. The aim of this work is to investigate the impact of alternative splicing variants BRCA1Δ5 and BRCA1Δ10 on DNA double strand breaks repair. Particular variants were over- expressed in the cells of model system. Activity of homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) was scored by in vitro DNA repair assay. The cellular localization of...
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Possibilities of Social Work in Women with Breast Cancer
KONČICKÁ, Markéta
The theoretical part of this thesis is divided into seven chapters. In the first chapter is described the current status of the issue. The second chapter is concerned with social consequences of the disease and the third chapter is related to psychological areas of this issue. The fourth chapter is devoted to the specific stress in woman´s life caused by the breast carcinoma. The fifth chapter is focused on the disease in connection with the crisis. The sixth chapter deals with coping with problems of the disease and suffering of women. In the last chapter is defined the social work. This bachelor thesis is designed as informational material for women with breast carcinoma within professional social counseling and for social workers dealing with women with breast carcinoma.
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Influence of fetal microchimerism on breast carcinoma in mothers
Šůchová, Anna-Marie ; Hromadníková, Ilona (advisor) ; Balounová, Jana (referee)
Fetal microchimerism is a condition where fetal cells are present in the body of the mother, they are transmitted during pregnancy and may persist for several decades after parturition. Their presence affects the immune system of the mother, which is investigated in both autoimmune and tumor diseases. This work, as a literature review, summarizes the current knowledge of the effect of fetal microchimerism on breast carcinomas in mothers, which is one of the most common cancer in women worldwide. It is based on studies that examined the presence of fetal cells in peripheral blood and neoplastic maternal tissues. While the correlation between the presence of fetal microchimerism in peripheral blood and breast cancer suggests a possible protective role, the data on the investigation of the same correlation in neoplastic tissue are not so unambiguous. Some of them suggest a protective role, others have a negative role. Key words - fetal microchimerism, breast carcinoma, pathogenesis, oncology, tumor
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Analysis of genetic factors of breast cancer
Chmelařová, Žaneta ; Kleiblová, Petra (advisor) ; Brynychová, Veronika (referee)
The thesis The analysis of genetic factors of breast cancer by NGS deals with the current serious problematics of breast cancer from the perspective of genetic predisposition. Breast cancer is one of the most common tumors in women. Every year more than 7000 women are diagnosed with this disease and the mortality rate in the Czech Republic is nearly 2000 cases. Of the total number of patients diagnosed with breast cancer, approximately ten percent of patients have congenital mutations in one of the predisposing genes that cause a significantly increased risk of developing a cancer. More than half of these mutations occur in germline mutations of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, others include a number of other genes, eg tp53, CDH1, PTEN, STK11, ATM, PALB2, CHEK2.Early diagnosis and identification of persons with increased risk of developing breast cancer is of key importance for their inclusion in preventive programs. Therefore, the thesis aims to testing genes that can cause a breast cancer. In the thesis, 219 known and candidate predisposition genes were analyzed in a group of 263 non-selected breast cancer patients using a targeted panel NGS, the Illumina platform. Selected identified suspect variants were further confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The aim of this work was also a mutational analysis of...
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Nursing proces of patient after reconstructive breast surgery with method of free TRAM flap
Kneiflová, Jana ; Hakenová, Renata (advisor) ; Kulhavá, Miluše (referee)
(Aj) The topic of presented diploma thesis is nursing care of patients undergoing breast reconstruction surgery using TRAM (Transverse Rectus Abdominis Musculocutaneous) flap. The thesis is divided into theoretical and empirical part. Theoretical part deals with history of plastic surgery, breast anatomy, and physiology. In her thesis author focuses on breast cancer, its increasing incidence shifting to the younger and younger age groups, surgical therapy by total mastectomy as part of multidisciplinary treatment, postmastectomy reconstructive procedures using TRAM flap, and possible intraoperative, and postoperative complications. In empirical part author published case report of a patient after total mastectomy followed by TRAM flap breast reconstruction and dealt with nursing care during the immediate postoperative period in the intensive care unit and latter on in plastic surgery department's postoperative ward. The aim of author's thesis is to point out specific issues pertinent to nursing care both in the intensive care unit and standard postoperative ward in patients undergoing above mentioned surgical procedure as well as to highlight the need for more intensive supervision during postoperative period in such a cases compared to classic breast reconstruction with silicon implant. This...
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Study of population specific alterations of breast cancer predisposition genes in Czech Republic.
Judasová, Kristýna ; Ševčík, Jan (advisor) ; Holá, Dana (referee)
Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant disease in the female population worldvide. About 10 % of all cases are of hereditary origin. The inactivation of tumor suppressor gene BRCA1 is the main genetic predisposing factor in breast cancer in the Czech Republic. Primarily, BRCA1 participates in DNA double strand break repair. Depending on cell cycle phase, the damage is repaired by homologous recombination or non-homologous end joining. Alternative splicing variants of BRCA1 are frequently detected during the genetic screening of high risk patients. The clinical significance of these variants is unknown. Understanding of the nature of breast cancer genetics is the critical factor for early diagnosis. Based on earlier studies from the Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University, two alternative splicing variants which were repeatedly detected in patients, were chosen for functional analysis. The aim of this work is to investigate the impact of alternative splicing variants BRCA1Δ5 and BRCA1Δ10 on DNA double strand breaks repair. Particular variants were over- expressed in the cells of model system. Activity of homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) was scored by in vitro DNA repair assay. The cellular localization of...
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Psychological and social aspects of coping with oncological gynecological illnesses (focused on breast cancer)
Šreibrová, Lenka ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
The thesis "Psychological and social aspects of coping with oncological gynecokogical illnesses (focused on breast cancer)" studies the demands and difficulties which women diagnosed with breast cancer are delaing with. In the theoretical part, attention is given to breast tumor and to the stages of the illness. It shows the needs and problems the women face and the possibilities of psychological help. This part of my thesis also describes different types of cure and its specifics and the changes it brings to the women's life. It is followed by coping strategies and defence mechanisms. In conclusion, the effects of the illness on personal relationships are outlined. In the empirical part, we map supporting psychological and other factors which helped with the treatment and with coping with it. The empirical part comprises 11 individual interviews with women who had breast cancer. The research methodology is supplemented with The Life Satisfaction Inventory. In the interviews we also focused on the factors of health care which were helping and the ones that could be improved. The results of the mapping qualitative study indicated two most important factors which helped the women to cope with this serious illness. It was social support and active coping strategies. In the sphere of health care, the...
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Nursing care for women after breast ablation from the viewpoint of patients
TÓTHOVÁ, Kristýna
Recently, the breast carcinoma is one of the most severe cancers affecting women. It is very serious disease, therefore it is necessary to give these women increased attention. This bachelor thesis focuses on the women, who underwent the breast ablation. It is focused on the subjective view of the patients on the pre-surgery and post-surgery care. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the anatomy, the kinds, the causes and clinical signs of the breast carcinoma are mentioned. In the other part the prevention, the prognosis, the diagnosis and the cure of breast carcinoma is mentioned. Following chapters deal with the pre-surgery and post-surgery nursing care for the women who undergo breast ablation. In the last chapter, the support groups and their functions are mentioned. The empirical part of the thesis includes the results of research survey, which deals with pre-surgery and post-surgery nursing care for the women after breast ablation from the point of view of the women and also with the awareness of support groups. A qualitative research was used to process the data. As the method of research survey was chosen a half-structured interview, women were asked 18 questions. The interviews were recorded, rewritten to written form and then categorised and analysed. This bachelor thesis was written in a certain way, to bring basic overview of the nursing care for the women after breast ablation. The result of this bachelor thesis is a proposal for a manual for general nurses (the treating personnel), who treat the women who underwent breast ablation.
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