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Energy yields per one hectare of land in the South Moravian Region
Plášek, Tomáš ; Bayer, Robert (referee) ; Jandová, Kristýna (advisor)
This bachelor thesis compares methods of producing elektricity in biogas plant, in thermal power plants by burning biomass, in solar power plants and compares it with production of energy of fuel cells and the energy from biofuels, like biodiesel and bioethanol. It compares the energy yields of different energy production methods and evaluates their advantages and disadvantages. It compares the energy content of these fuels by model vehicle range.
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Biomass as renewable energy resources
Přichystal, Lukáš ; Kizlink, Juraj (referee) ; Friedl, Zdeněk (advisor)
Bachelor’s thesis deals with an exploitation of a biomass as an energy carrier and the manners of obtaining this energy. Currently the most widely used methods of conversion of the biomass to various forms of energy, from burning to anaerobic digestion are described here. This work adverts to use the biomass not only in energetics, but also in the transport industry, as alternative fuel of vehicle engines. It describes not only the production of bioethanol from organic material, but also the techniques of hydrogen production as the fuel of future, and its use in fuel cells.
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Pretreatment of polysaccharide waste materials to maximize of hydrolysis products
Myslivcová, Pavla ; Trachtová, Štěpánka (referee) ; Babák, Libor (advisor)
This thesis deals with study of the polysacharidic waste material pretreatment in order to maximize the hydrolysis products. It has been chosen a pastry as a waste material, specifically rolls and bread. Pastry was pretreated by milling and 15% w/v suspension of pastry in the water was prepared. Then several types of hydrolysis were performed with suspensions. Products of hydrolysis were characterized by spectrophotometric method of Somogyi-Nelson and efficiency of hydrolysis was compared. Three acids (H2SO4, HNO3, HCl) and two alkalis (NaOH, KOH) in three various concentration were used for the chemical hydrolysis. Microwave and ultrasound were chosen for the physical hydrolysis.
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A study of the possibility of waste pastries using for the bioproduction of selected metabolites
Hudečková, Helena ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Babák, Libor (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to study the possibility of using waste bread to bioproduction of selected metabolites. As bakery waste was used waste bread that came from coffee-house “Zastávka”. Bread was pre-treated by grinding into small particles and then it was made to form 15% w/v suspension, which was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis. For the hydrolysis has been used the -amylase for liquefaction of the substrate and that was followed by a glucoamylase which sacharificated the substrate. There have been several methods of hydrolysis from which was chosen the optimal method for pre-treatment of the substrate prior to fermentation. The effectivity and a process of hydrolysis were determined spectrophotometrically by Somogyi-Nelson method. Final yields of glucose from hydrolysis were determined by HPLC method. Enzymatic hydrolysis was followed by fermentation, which was carried out in two ways, namely by adjusting the pH of the hydrolyzate to pH 5, and without pH adjustment. During the fermentation was carried out sampling in which was determined the content of glucose, glycerol and ethanol by HPLC method. The yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used for the fermentation which was performed at 30 °C. High yield of glucose was achieved by hydrolysis in two steps (70,28 gl-1), but for the fermentation was used mixed hydrolysis (second method of mixed hydrolysis) with yield 67,94 gl-1. High ethanol yield was achieved during fermentation without treatment pH, namely 31,5 gl-1.
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Enzymatic hydrolysis of waste paper pulp - source of raw material for production of liquid biofuels
Brummer, Vladimír ; Ing.Marián Illáš (referee) ; Gabriel, Petr (advisor)
This master’s thesis is aimed at process of enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material – waste paper as a source of raw material for production of liquid biofuels. In the theoretical part of this work are summarized previously used methods of hydrolysis and lignocellulosic materials used for the process of hydrolysis as a source of fermentable sugars for fermentation technology. The different types of waste paper are evaluated from the composition and usability with consideration to the papermaking process in order to select the appropriate type of waste paper for the enzymatic hydrolysis process. In the next part of this work are suggested technological premises and procedures for the preparation of raw materials and the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of these pre–treated materials. In the experimental part were optimized parameters of enzymatic hydrolysis using the Novozymes company enzyme package. Enzymatic degradation of cellulose to reducing sugars was observed using Somogyi – Nelson method. For the verification of hydrolysis conditions were used model materials with high cellulose content – pulp and filter paper. Conditions, which seems to be the best after testing on the model materials, were verified on specific waste paper materials – offset cardboard, recycled paper, matte MYsol paper and for comparison again on model materials – pulp and filter paper. The highest yields was achieved with the use of cardboard, which was further tested using various combinations of pretreatment to material for purpose of increase the yields of hydrolysis.
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Utilization of biomass for the energy purposes
Romanová, Kristýna ; Ing.Ondřej Kosík, Ph.D. (referee) ; Flodrová, Dana (advisor)
The theoretical part of work focuses on the issue of biomass used for energy purposes, in particular agricultural waste, which can be used as a substrate for biogas station. Furthermore, examines the composition of polymer substrates, which affects most biogas process. The aim of this work was to measure each sample of enzyme activity of biomass, which is used as a raw material for biogas plants.
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