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Legal issues of gametes in relation to assisted reproduction
Stieranková, Aneta ; Frinta, Ondřej (advisor) ; Thöndel, Alexandr (referee)
66 Abstract Legal issues of gametes in relation to assisted reproduction The thesis deals with the issue of assisted reproduction with a specific focus on gametes and some issues that are associated with them. In order to better understand contradictory opinions and views on a particular issue, the Czech legislation is compared with the British legislation. Then, in each individual case, it is assessed which country has dealt with the problem better, using a comparative method. The introduction of the thesis deals with assisted reproduction in general, especially from the point of view of definition of the concepts and historical development of this issue. Subsequently, the basic legal framework for assisted reproduction is defined both in the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom. Briefly, there are also summarized the most basic requirements for gametes donors in both countries. In terms of specific problems related to gametes, much of the work focuses on the anonymity of sperm donors, in particular summarizing the most important arguments of its opponents and subsequently refuting these arguments. The conclusion of this chapter submits why, in my view, the anonymity of sperm donors should be maintained. The next part is devoted to financial rewards for donation of gametes, their admissibility and amount....
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Ethical issues of assisted reproduction with emphasis cryopreservation methods
Zajíčková, Markéta ; Haškovcová, Helena (advisor) ; Křepelka, Petr (referee) ; Teplá, Olga (referee)
Human infertility is not a new phenomenon, but it is as old as humanity itself. Currently in most developed countries, the number of couples who have a problem with childbearing is growing. This is due, among other things, to the lifestyle associated with career development and postponement of parenthood. While in the past infertile couples usually had only two options to deal with their sterility - childlessness and a substitute life program, or adopting a child. Today, infertile couples have a third option and this is the treatment of infertility using assisted reproduction methods. This year, exactly forty years have elapsed since the birth of the first child by means of extracorporeal fertilization. Already then the assisted reproduction was considered a method that is ethically problematic. Numerous specialists, such as physicians, biologists, lawyers, philosophers, theologians, and others, have been involved in the quest for ethical issues. Not only there has been no solution to some problems during the whole lifetime of assisted reproduction on which most experts and the general public would agree, but with the gradual development of this treatment method new problems have arisen. Today's stage of development of artificial insemination techniques and procedures together with modern...
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Pregnancy in women with assisted reproduction.
NĚMCOVÁ, Sabina
Bachelor thesis deals with pregnancy in women with assisted reproduction. The topic of the bachelor's thesis is up-to-date because every year there is an increase in the number of infertile couples and thus higher attendance of infertility centers. The bachelor thesis is divided into theoretical part and practical part. In the theoretical part we will deal with infertility in women and infertility in men. In the following chapters, we focused on assisted reproduction and assisted reproduction types. Last but not least, we will address the risks associated with assisted reproduction and ethics. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to find the attitudes of midwives to assisted reproduction. To this end, research questions have been developed: 1. How midwives perceive assisted reproduction? 2. How do midwives approach the care of a pregnant woman after assisted reproduction? The research was conducted in March and April in 2017. The qualitative research was carried out by a semi-structured interview with midwives. The interviews were conducted with nine midwives who work on a nursing unit at risk of pregnancy. Midwives were aged 27-54 years old. Respondents interviewed work in Ceske Budejovice, Prague, Ostrava and Brno. The survey was conducted with respondents on the basis of their consent to the signing "Request for Co-operation Agreement". This request to midwives guarantees anonymity and treatment of information obtained according to ethical standards. At the beginning of the interview, we obtained the respondent identification data. During the interview, respondents were asked about assisted reproduction issues. Specifically, the complications of assisted reproduction, assisted reproduction methods, midwifery attitudes to assisted reproduction and obstetricians' opinions on embryo reduction. A midwife interview led to the care of a woman with assisted reproduction and the care of women with OHSS. The opinions of midwives on the changing needs of women for assisted reproduction were also examined. The interviews were recorded on an audio device throughout. The conversations were subsequently overwritten and analyzed by the dyeing method in the text. Based on the analyzes obtained, two main categories and their sub-categories were identified. The first main category Assisted Reproduction is divided into three subcategories called Methods, Complications, and Attitudes of Midwives to the AR. The second main category is nursing care, which is divided into three subcategories called Specifics in Care of AR, Women's Awareness and Changed Needs. Midwives often encounter assisted reproduction and perceive it positively. Midwives who have personal experience with assisted reproduction perceive it better than midwives who have encountered this problem only in their practice. Midwives have found that women have altered needs after assisted reproduction, especially a sense of security and safety. The research has shown that midwives are aware of the risks associated with assisted reproduction and are partly aware of the care of women after the AR. Respondents also think that women are well informed about AR issues after assisted reproduction. A research survey has shown that each midwife is a personality and can perceive the issue of assisted reproduction differently. The result of this bachelor's thesis can be presented at expert conferences or published in professional journals.
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Tripolar cell cleavage - morphokinetic evaluation of the human embryo development by the time-lapse system
Jandová, Oldřiška ; Hlinka, Daniel (advisor) ; Anger, Martin (referee)
The principle of time-lapse system is based on the continuous sensing of the development of the pre-implantation embryo and the assessment of its morphology. This is advantageous in assessing the quality and implantation potential of embryos, which are subsequently evaluated according to certain established criteria. This gives the opportunity to select the highest quality embryo to be implanted into the mother's womb during embryo transfer. This system also allows us to detect any abnormalities in embryo development. This is very important, because the occurrence of abnormalities in early embryonic cell division is quite common. Morphological evaluation of embryos indicates a high incidence of tripolar mitosis during this early embryo development. The result of this division is three blastomers instead of two, which is associated with an irregular chromosome separation, each of them may contain a different number of chromosomes. In the case where conventional embryo observation is used to observe embryo morphology at longer intervals, it may be that the changes associated with tripolar mitosis are not detected at all, and such embryos appear to be falsely prosperous and are often selected for transfer. This can have serious consequences in the case of implantation, because these embryos are not...
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Role of midwife in the care of pregnant woman after asisted reproduction
NĚMCOVÁ, Sabina
Bachelor thesis deals with the role of midwife in the care of a pregnant woman after assisted reproduction. The topic of assisted reproduction is nowadays very discussed, because the number of infertile couples increases, thus there is also a higher attendance of infertility centres. The bachelor thesis is divided into a theoretical part and a practical part. In the theoretical part I dealt with female infertility and male infertility. In the following chapters, I focused on assisted reproduction and its types. Last but not least, I dealt with the risks associated with assisted reproduction and its ethics. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to find out the attitudes of midwives towards assisted reproduction. To fulfil this aim, following research questions were developed: 1. How do midwives perceive assisted reproduction? 2. How do midwives approach the care for a pregnant woman after assisted reproduction? The research was conducted in March and April 2017. The qualitative research was carried out by means of semi-structured interview with midwives and unqualified public. The interviews were conducted with nine midwives who work at a nursing unit of risk pregnancy. The other respondents were four men and four women without professional education. Respondents were aged 27-54 years. Interviewed respondents work in Budweis, Prague, Ostrava and Brno. The research was conducted with respondents on the basis of their consent, by signing "Request for Co-operation Agreement". This request guarantees the midwives their anonymity and also handling the obtained information according to ethical standards. At the beginning of the interview, respondent's identification data were obtained. During the interview, respondents were asked about assisted reproduction issues. Specifically, the complications of assisted reproduction, assisted reproduction methods, midwives' attitudes to assisted reproduction and their opinions on embryo reduction. The interviews then led to the topic of care for a woman after an assisted reproduction and the care for women with OHSS. The opinions of midwives on the awareness of women and changing needs of women after assisted reproduction were also examined. The interviews were recorded on an audio device throughout their whole duration. The conversations were subsequently rewritten and analysed by the method of highlighting in the text. Based on the analyses obtained, two main categories and their sub-categories were set. The first main category Assisted reproduction was divided into three subcategories called Methods of assisted reproduction, Complications of assisted reproductions, and Attitudes of midwives towards the AR. The second main category Nursing care for a woman after AR was divided into three subcategories called Specifics in care for women after AR, Providing information for women after AR and Changed needs of women after AR.Midwives encounter assisted reproduction relatively often and perceive it positively. Midwives, who have personal experience with assisted reproduction (either by themselves, or friends, family), perceive it better than midwives who have encountered this problem only in their practice. Women who underwent AR are better acquainted with this issue than PA. On the contrary, men do not deal with assisted reproduction issues. Interviewed midwives have found out that women have altered needs after assisted reproduction, especially a sense of security and safety.. The research has shown that midwives are aware of the risks associated with assisted reproduction and are partly aware of the care for women after the AR. Respondents also think that women are well informed about AR issues after assisted reproduction.A research survey has shown that each midwife is a personality and can perceive the issue of assisted reproduction differently. Furthermore, from the research occurred, that women after AR tend more often to have complications throughout their pregnancy
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Male infertility in context of testicular cancer
Cimlerová, Markéta ; Komrsková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Truksa, Jaroslav (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on male infertility in a connection to testicular cancer. Testicular cancer is the most common malignancy among young men in a reproductive age and the worldwide incidence of testicular cancer is on the rise. A lot of attention is also given to an increasing rate of infertility in a context of testicular cancer. For these reasons, the aim of this thesis is to clarify several non-physiological changes, such as hormone levels, spermatogenesis and sperm parameters, which take place in a male body and influence the chance to become a biological father. These pathological changes can be due to the disease itself but also due to the treatment. A cryopreservation of semen is also going to be discussed as the way to preserve male fertility and as an option for couples with the infertility problems due to male factor which rely on help of the assisted reprodiction. Kye words: testicular cancer, cancer treatment, male infertility, sperm parameters, mitochondria, assisted reproduction
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Question rights of the child in the context of the current methods of assisted reproduction
JANOUŠKOVÁ, Martina
This thesis is aimed at the darker sides of assisted reproduction and it urges us to consider difficult questions related to the value of human life and human dignity. These two mentioned values are the methods of assisted reproduction. Scientific progress in the field of medical science evokes a lot of ethical, social and legal questions.The goal of the thesis is to identify and analyse ethical prolems of assisted reroduction and to present each solution to an ethical decision. The thesis is integral to my own wellfounded way of solution to the chosen ethical problems. This thesis deals with issues of social functioning of infertile couples and social consultancy.
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Legal issues of Surrogacy
Antošová, Barbora ; Holčapek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Salač, Josef (referee)
This master thesis deals with the issue of legislation of surrogacy. Development in the area of reproductive medicine as the first "test tube baby" in 1978 and following medical progress has inevitably brought development expansion of this institute. This institute, although that it brings with itself many ethical, social and legal questions, is not legally regulated in the Czech Republic (except one provision, Art. 804 of the Civil Code). Therefore, this master thesis tries to provide a proposal of legislation which might be adopted in the Czech Republic, using primarily analytical and comparative methods. After the surrogacy is explained and forms and models of it are described, the international framework is clarified. Although many states realize actuality of this topic, there has not been any international legislation adopted that would regulate e.g. surrogate tourism, until this day. However, there is a certain guideline, namely the interest of a child, as the European Court of Human Rights judged. State's legislations range on the scale from criminalization (France) to legalization of its commercial form (Ukraine). After evaluation of legislation of some states whose regulations show real functioning of models of surrogacy, it is clear that the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern...
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Sufficiency of legislation on determination of child's origin?
Dvořáková, Veronika ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Frinta, Ondřej (referee)
This rigorous thesis deals with the issue of determining parenthood in connection with the child's right to know their origin. The basic question addressed by the present work is whether the old Roman principle of mater semper cert est, pater semper incertus es is still valid at present whether the child is guaranteed the right to know his / her origin. The main idea of the whole work is that the child should always be guaranteed the opportunity to learn about his / her background. The first chapter of this paper presents a brief introduction to Roman law. On the principles and foundations of Roman law stands the continental system of law, which is still based on its principles by the legislator. One of the basic postulates of Roman law is the principle of mater semper in iure certa est, the meaning of which is defined in this chapter. The second chapter deals with the issue of children's rights, especially about the child's right to know their origin. The third chapter already provides a detailed analysis of the current legal regulation of parental determination. This chapter of the thesis is followed by other chapters dealing with individual selected legal institutes, which find intervention in the child's right to know their origins and where the possibility of determining who is the parents of...
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