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Characteristics of Selected Groups of Arachnids and Their Use in Teaching at the Second Grade of Elementary School
Bryxová, Tereza ; Říhová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
The topic of the thesis is the characterization of the arachnid group and selected orders of this group. The main part of the thesis is devoted to the design of a teaching block on arachnids for pupils of 7-9th grades of primary schools. The theoretical part contains a general characterization of the arachnid group and a more detailed description of the five selected orders (scorpions, scorpion mites, spiders and mowers) and the representatives who were also chosen and included in the teaching block. It also addresses selected activation methods in science education. In the practical part, a two-hour teaching block with included and selected activation activities is designed and subsequently implemented in two Prague primary schools. The results of the pupils of both primary schools (Petřiny and Písnická) were very positive. In both classes there was a significant acquisition of knowledge and skills after the teaching block. Prior to the teaching block, pupils from all classes had correctly written down an average of seven concepts in their mind maps. After the teaching block, there was an increase in the number of concepts (around 10 on average each time) correctly used and written down. The pupils evaluated the inclusion of the mind map, the transformed jigsaw learning and the didactic game...
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Adaptations of terrestrial arthropods and especially arachnids to arid environmental conditions
Byronová, Markéta ; Starostová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Opatová, Věra (referee)
The biggest problem that terrestrial animals have to deal with is the risk of dehydration. Water is lost by evaporation during respiration and through the body surface, during excretion and various secretions. Terrestrial animals developed various physiological, morphological and behavioral adaptations against water loss. This work summarizes the knowledge about adaptations against water loss in arthropods in arid environmental conditions. It focuses on arachnids and especially on scorpions, which are widespread in arid areas and show high resistance to extreme desert conditions. The work examines the influence of environmental conditions on physiological processes in the body, morphological adaptations and behavioral changes. It defines specific adaptations of scorpions and describes in more detail the role of the hepatopancreas in maintaining the balance of fluids in the body and the subsequent changes in the osmolarity of hemolymph. Key words: evaporation, aridity, water balance, arthropods, arachnids, scorpion
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Comparison of Arachnids from caves in selected parts of Balcanic and Alpine-Carpathian regions
Škopek, Zdeněk ; Šťáhlavský, František (advisor) ; Růžička, Vlastimil (referee)
This work presents comparison of cave arachnids in selected areas of Balcanic and Alpine-Carpathian regions. The work contains basic characteristics of studied regions, also characteristics of cave environment and explanation of important terms often used in relation to these habitats. Further, it concludes basic knowledge of all recent orders of arachnids to cave environment. It contains also detailed study of the best investigated groups of arachnids, and tries to explain some aspects, which influence the biodiversity on the matched area. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Evolution of selected karyotype characters in tetrapulmonate arachnids
Jílková, Klára ; Král, Jiří (advisor) ; Marec, František (referee)
The class Arachnida is not thoroughly explored from the cytogenetic point of view. Previous studies suggest a high diversity of karyotypes and sex determination in arachnids. This study deals with the evolution of sex chomosomes, nucleolar organizer regions (NOR), and telomeric repeats in the tetrapulmonate clade of arachnids, particularly in groups of ancient origin. Sex chromosomes were detected in two orders. Detection of NORs in a large set of species supports the hypothesis that the ancestral karyotype of arachnids contained NOR on one pair of autosomes only. The number of NORs has increased during the evolution of some groups of Pedipalpi. The NORs are located in terminal or subterminal chromosomal regions in most tetrapulmonates. The occurrence of the "insect" telomeric motif was confirmed in majority of tetrapulmonates. Interstitital telomeric repeats were not detected with the exception of one species. Keywords: arachnids, meiosis, sex chromosomes, telomeres, nucleolar organizer, heterochromatin
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