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Analysis of pulse wave propagation in aorta
Tichoň, Dušan ; Klas, Roman (referee) ; Burša, Jiří (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to assess the applicability of pulse wave propagation monitoring in the cardiovascular system in the field of prediction and early diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The very first part is focused on description of heart and blood vessels with its pathological changes in presence of aneurysm. For this reason, current methods of monitoring and surgical treating of AAA were mentioned. Due to their difficult clinical use widely in the population, new methods based on pulse wave monitoring were presented. Using an analytical approach we estimated the difference in the arrival of the pulse wave at measurable locations between healthy and pathological aorta in the order of miliseconds. By experimental monitoring using photoplethysmographic sensors, we observed significant changes of pulse wave velocity with respect to the mechanical properties of the artery wall (mainly associated with age), which we tried to implement by hyperelastic material models used in computational simulations of pulse wave proagation on simplified geometries by fluid structure interaction method. These analyzes should verify applicability of FSI simulations in further development of diagnostic methods of AAA.
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The impact of freezing of arterial tissue on its stress-strain response
Horák, František ; Hájek, Petr (referee) ; Hrubanová, Anna (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with freezing of the arterial tissue at -20 °C and its impact on mechanical properties of artery. The introductory part focuses on basic medical terms related to the issue followed by presentation of scientific publications dealing with artery tissue freezing. The attention is mainly paid to measurements and evaluation of results. The main part of the thesis contains description of the methodology of biaxial tensile test of porcine artery tissue with process of measuring the artery’s Young's modulus. Statistical analysis is used to determine the impact of freezing on mechanical properties of the artery. Description of limitations of this experiment is also included.
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The in vitro effects of selected fenolic substances on isolated rat vessels
Rajtmajerová, Iveta ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Hrdina, Radomír (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Iveta Rajtmajerová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The in vitro effects of selected fenolic substances on isolated rat vessels Silymarin flavonolignans are endowed with various aspects. Recently their hepatoprotective effect has been discussed widely as well as their positive influence on the cardiovascular system. This diploma thesis is concerned with the vasodilatory effects of silybin-A, silybin-B, silybin-A + B and isosilybin-A on rat aorta. The aim of this study was to test the vasodilatory effect of selected substances. The dependence of aortic relaxation on the increasing concentration of tested substances was measured. Isolated Wistar breed rat aorta was used. DRC curves were created and EC50 values were assessed from the obtained values of vessel tension. The results were evaluated subsequently. The vasodilator potential of silybin-A and isosilybin-A is comparable; hence the position of the substituents may be irrelevant in having any impact on relaxation of the vessels. Different vasodilatory effects of silybin-A and silybin-B have been observed thus, the relaxation could be stereoselective. The testing of the equimolar mixture of silybin-A and...
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The in vitro effects of selected isoflavonoids on isolated rat aorta
Novýsedláková, Alena ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Alena Novýsedláková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, PhD. Title of Thesis: In vitro effects od selected isoflavonoids on isolated rat aorta Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether the selected isoflavonoids are able to vasodilate aorta, what structural features might be responsible for a relaxing activity and estimate the mechanism of action. The experiment we carried out the classical in vitro method on the isolated rat aorta, and the results evaluated by the computer program GraphPad. Only glycitin did not show statistically significant relaxation of blood vessels, which can be attributed to ineffective glycosidic form. Other izoflavonoids- glycitein, daidzein and tectorigenin seem to be promising in terms of potential vasodilatation. Further studies would be needed to verify also the in vivo effects. Likely structural features include the hydroxy group at 7-position and a methoxy group at position 8 of the core od isoflavonoids. The mechanism of action is not yet known, but most likely appears endothelium-dependent mechanisms, alpha 1 receptor antagonism and agonism of muscarinic M3 receptor. It may be also involved in the effect of the antioxidant and...
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Intra Aortic Balloon Counterpulsation from the Perspektive of Nurse in the Intensive Care Unit of Cardiac Surgery
Ebertová, Barbora ; Sojková, Monika (advisor) ; Kukol, Václav (referee)
The thesis is focused on the intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) from the perspective of nurses in the cardiac intensive care. It consists of two parts. Theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part will deal with the intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation, including basic anatomy of the heart and blood vessels, the principle of IABC, its indications, contraindications, technology IABC and specific nursing care of patients with established IABC. The empirical part is treated as quantitative research, which is used for the data collection method anonymous questionnaire. The aim of the thesis is to determine nurses' knowledge of IABC in the cardiac intensive care and subsequent drafting of guidance for postoperative cardiac surgery department KARIM University, Prague. In this section are also included important questions and answers from the perspective of the specified variables obtained from the questionnaire and subsequent actions arising in practice. Key words Counterpulsation, Cardiac cycle, Aorta, Heart, Nursing care
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The in vitro effects of selected substances on isolated rat aorta
Beránková, Anna ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Anna Beránková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The in vitro effects of selected substances on isolated rat aorta Flavonoids are a numerous group of secondary plant metabolites. Flavonoid compounds are substances widely extended in nature and many of them have a positive influence on human health, primarily for their vasodilatory, antioxidant and anti- inflammatory effects. Three substances were selected for this diploma theses: two substances of isoflavonoid group, genistin and genistein, and the end product of genistein metabolism, 4-ethylphenol. The aim of this work is examination of vasorelaxant effects of this substances in vitro. Vasorelaxing potential of tested substances was tested in vitro in isolated aortic rings of Wistar rat. The effect of increasing doses of individual substances in precontracted aortic rings with intact endothelium was measured. From the obtained values of vessel tension, the DRC curves and EC50 values were created. The results were evaluated. The results analysis shows, that genistein (EC50 2,903.10-5 M) had the most significant activity. Also genistin (EC50 4,045.10-4 M) and high doses of 4-ethylphenol (EC50 1,509.10-3 M) caused...
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Vasodilatory effects of bisphenol AF ex vivo
Kuchařová, Nela ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Nela Kuchařová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Vasodilatory effects of bisphenol AF ex vivo Bisphenols are organic compounds used in the manufacture of plastics, resins, varnishes and lot of other products. However, their effects on human body are associated with a number of adverse effect that need to be investigated in more detail. The aim of this diploma thesis was to determine whether bisphenol AF has vasodilating effects ex vivo and to verify the mechanism of the relaxing effect. The experiments were performed on an isolated thoracic aorta of a Wistar rat. Bisphenol AF was added cumulatively to the precontracted aorta at increasing concentrations and we monitored whether vasodilation was induced. In testing the mechanism of action, we used inhibitors of the mechanisms tested during the experiment. The obtained results were evaluated using the GraphPad Prism program. The results show that bisphenol AF has a dose-dependent ex vivo vasodilatory effect (EC50 = 57.16 μmol/l). The mechanism of this effect is the blockage of voltagegated calcium channels on the vascular smooth muscle cell. The participation of other tested mechanisms has not been confirmed. Key...
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Analysis of pulse wave propagation in aorta
Tichoň, Dušan ; Klas, Roman (referee) ; Burša, Jiří (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to assess the applicability of pulse wave propagation monitoring in the cardiovascular system in the field of prediction and early diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The very first part is focused on description of heart and blood vessels with its pathological changes in presence of aneurysm. For this reason, current methods of monitoring and surgical treating of AAA were mentioned. Due to their difficult clinical use widely in the population, new methods based on pulse wave monitoring were presented. Using an analytical approach we estimated the difference in the arrival of the pulse wave at measurable locations between healthy and pathological aorta in the order of miliseconds. By experimental monitoring using photoplethysmographic sensors, we observed significant changes of pulse wave velocity with respect to the mechanical properties of the artery wall (mainly associated with age), which we tried to implement by hyperelastic material models used in computational simulations of pulse wave proagation on simplified geometries by fluid structure interaction method. These analyzes should verify applicability of FSI simulations in further development of diagnostic methods of AAA.
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The ex vivo effects of selected silymarin flavonolygnans on isolated rat aorta
Sloukgi, Tatiana ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Tatiana Sloukgi Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of Diploma Thesis: The effect of Silymarin Flavonolignans and their sulfated conjugates on blood vessels ex vivo. Silymarin flavonolignans have recently shown some positive effects on the cardiovascular system. In this work, we studied the vasodilatory effect on rat aorta ex vivo of three silymarin conjugates, silybin A-20-sulfate, silybin B-20-sulfate and 2,3- dehydrosilychristin-19-O-sulfate, and one parent flavonolignan 2,3- dehydrosilychristin. For each substance, a concentration response curve was created and the concentration that produces 50% of maximum relaxation was determined (EC50). All substances exerted very low or no vasodilatory activity. Finally, we focused on the mechanism of action of silybin A. We tested whether its vasorelaxant activity depends on the presence of intact endothelium. The vasorelaxant effect of silybin A on isolated rat aorta ex vivo was clearly endothelium-dependent.
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The in vitro effects of selected fenolic substances on isolated rat vessels
Rajtmajerová, Iveta ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Hrdina, Radomír (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Iveta Rajtmajerová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The in vitro effects of selected fenolic substances on isolated rat vessels Silymarin flavonolignans are endowed with various aspects. Recently their hepatoprotective effect has been discussed widely as well as their positive influence on the cardiovascular system. This diploma thesis is concerned with the vasodilatory effects of silybin-A, silybin-B, silybin-A + B and isosilybin-A on rat aorta. The aim of this study was to test the vasodilatory effect of selected substances. The dependence of aortic relaxation on the increasing concentration of tested substances was measured. Isolated Wistar breed rat aorta was used. DRC curves were created and EC50 values were assessed from the obtained values of vessel tension. The results were evaluated subsequently. The vasodilator potential of silybin-A and isosilybin-A is comparable; hence the position of the substituents may be irrelevant in having any impact on relaxation of the vessels. Different vasodilatory effects of silybin-A and silybin-B have been observed thus, the relaxation could be stereoselective. The testing of the equimolar mixture of silybin-A and...
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