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Pseudocereals and their importance in nutrition
Červinková, Nela ; Dostálová, Jana (advisor) ; Hrušková, Marie (referee)
The bachelor thesis is focused on the characteristics of the three most important pseudocereals, specifically buckwheat, quinoa and amaranth. It pays particular attention to their general features, origin and history of planting, utilization and especially their nutritional value and their effect on human health. They are also discussed in terms of their importance in a gluten-free diet. Due to their rich nutritional value and their natural gluten-free origin, pseudocereals are recognized as a highly valuable nutrient with great potential. Like cereals, they are a source of starch, fibre and vegetable protein, although their content and quality are higher than the majority of cereals. In addition, they are a source of vitamins, minerals and other bioactive substances. As with other plant foods, they also contain antinutritional substances which may negatively impact the availability of certain nutrients. Consumption of pseudocereals and their products may be beneficial, particularly for persons on a gluten-free, vegetarian or vegan diet. The practical part of the thesis is divided into three parts. The first one is research, which investigated the respondents' awareness of pseudocereals, the frequency of their consumption and the reasons that determine their consumption. The second part involves a...
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Hericium erinaceus as a Natural Source of Biologically Active Compounds
Štefková, Klára ; Večeríková, Paula (referee) ; Hudečková, Helena (advisor)
The bachelor thesis focuses on the optimization of the cultivation of the lion's mane mushroom on cereal and pseudocereal substrates with the aim of determining nutritional parameters, antioxidant capacity and overall biological activity. Amaranth, barley groats, maize flour, buckwheat, white and red quinoa and wheat bran were chosen as suitable substrates. The theoretical part of this work focused on the description of the rare fungus and especially its bioactive secondary metabolites. The cultivation conditions were also characterized and the substrates used in the experimental part were introduced. Experimentally, the cultivation method with the highest mycelial yield of the lion's mane mushroom was determined. The method that utilized solid mycelium for inoculation was evaluated as the most effective. It was therefore used to culture mycelia on all selected cereals and pseudocereals. The analyzed nutritional parameters were first determined in the substrates themselves and then in substrates enriched with lion's mane mushroom using suitable analytical methods. Similarly, biologically active substances and antioxidant capacity were also determined. The evaluation of the results allowed the characterisation of the enriched substrates and the resulting recommendations for the application of the lion's mane mushroom in the field of nutrition.
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Optimization of Hericium erinaceus Cultivation and Subsequent Fermentation with Probiotics
Radvanová, Tereza ; Vršanská, Martina (referee) ; Hudečková, Helena (advisor)
The focus of this diploma thesis is to optimize cultivation of the hericium erinaceus mushroom on cereal substrates with subsequent fermentation with probiotic bacteria. Theoretical part of this thesis focuses on description of the mushroom hericium erinaceus and its nutritional value, biological properties, other uses and cultivation. Furthermore, an overview of the nutritional value of the used cereal substrates is provided, along with the characterization of probiotics, their biological effects, and metabolism. Finally, a chapter dedicated to the description of the traditional koji fermentation process was included. In the experimental part, the cultivation of hericium erinaceus was optimized on seven cereal substrates – barley groats, cornmeal, wheat bran, buckwheat, amaranth, white and red quinoa. Using spectrophotometric methods, the content of water soluble proteins, total carbohydrates, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity was determined in the cereal substrates themselves and substrates enriched with mycelium. Furthermore, the content of fatty acids was determined in the samples using the gass chromatography method and lipophilic compounds were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. Cereal substrates enriched with mycelium showed increased antioxidant activity and concentrations of water soluble proteins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and lipids. Moreover, elevated concentrations of tocopherols, ubiquinone, and ergosterol were detected through high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Substrates with abundant mycelial growth, such as barley groats, cornmeal, red quinoa, and amaranth, were selected for fermentation with probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus. After the fermentation process, spectrophotometric methods were repeated, and the concentration of lactic acid was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Samples with probiotics showed a slight increase in their antioxidant activity, concentration of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and water soluble proteins. The concentration of lactic acid in control samples and samples with probiotics was almost unchanged. The obtained results from this study suggest that cereals enriched with mycelium and the fermentation product of probiotics could be utilized in the development of dietary supplements or functional foods.
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Feasibity study of biofuels sources
Zemach, Vít ; Baláš, Marek (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
Technical-economical study of biofuel cultivation is the topic of this diploma thesis. This is a study that includes the technology of growing biomass and its subsequent treatment. Part of the work is an economic and sensitivity analysis, which aims to determine the price of produced biomass. This work focuses on herbal biofuels and their comparison with other types of fuels.
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Possibilities of influence of cardiovascular risk markers with a diet enriched with amaranth flour
Chmelík, Zdeněk ; Vrablík, Michal (advisor) ; Piťha, Jan (referee) ; Vohnout, Branislav (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze 1. lékařská fakulta Abstrakt dizertační práce Možnosti ovlivnění markerů kardiovaskulárního rizika stravou obohacenou amarantovou moukou PharmDr. Zdeněk Chmelík Praha 2022 Abstract (EN) Introduction: Diet suitable for lipid metabolism disorders should not increase the total and LDL cholesterol, and ideally should assist in its lowering. Analysis of literary sources suggest that amaranth can meet these properties. Aim: The execution of literary investigation of the issue and experimental verification of lipid- lowering effect of amaranth flour in laboratory conditions. Methods: 50 (Experiment 1) or 40 (Experiment 2) The mice were divided into five (Experiment 1) or four (Experiment 2) groups fed by control mixture (C), high-energy diet (HED), high- energy diet with amaranth (HED+A) and in Experiment 1, by high-energy diet with amaranth flour and simvastatin (HED+A+S) or only with simvastatin (HED+S), and in Experiment 2 a by high-energy diet with squalene (HED+S). Weight gains were measured and TC, LDL and HDL cholesterol determined. Results: Feeding of HED diets resulted in a statistically significant increase in the TC cholesterol by 81% (Experiment 1) or 125% (Experiment 2), LDL cholesterol of 612% (Experiment 1) or 304% (Experiment 2) and a decrease in HDL cholesterol by 8.4%...
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Feasibity study of biofuels sources
Zemach, Vít ; Baláš, Marek (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
Technical-economical study of biofuel cultivation is the topic of this diploma thesis. This is a study that includes the technology of growing biomass and its subsequent treatment. Part of the work is an economic and sensitivity analysis, which aims to determine the price of produced biomass. This work focuses on herbal biofuels and their comparison with other types of fuels.
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Možnosti výroby piva z netradičních surovin
Valentová, Natalie
The literary part of the diploma thesis deals with traditional raw ma-terials, special malts and non-traditional raw materials for beer producti-on and beer production as such. Furthermore, the production of beers from non-traditional raw materials in the world. The experimental part is devoted to the description of the production of own beers from non-traditional malts (amaranth, chickpeas, sorghum, buckwheat, quinoa) and their chemical analysis by HPLC and Fermen-toFlash. In the next part a method of sensory analysis was described, and the results were then shown using radar charts. In the results and discussion section these analyzes are statistically processed and evaluated for the mutual dependence of the substances from the chemical analysis on the sensory characteristics of the individu-al products.
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Význam pseudocereálií ve výživě české populace
Šišmová, Barbora
The study „The importance of pseudocereals in the nutrition of Czech population“ is focused on the characteristics of cereals and pseudocereals, their chemical composition, nutritional value and effects on the human organism. It describes the possibilities of their technological processing and the resulting products from selected types of pseudocereals.
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