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Alcoholic malnutrition and work with that issue in individual institutions in Czech republic
Šimonková, Eva ; Ryšánková, Marie (advisor) ; Ševela, Stanislav (referee)
Czech people are the leaders in alcohol consumption in Europe and in the whole world. Chronic consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol has a negative impact on the entire organism. Ethanol increases mucosal permeability, changes intestinal motility and disrupts water and electrolyte absorption. Its consumption affects the absorption of essential and non-essential amino acids. Last but not least, alcohol consumption causes a liver damage. Due to a nutrient absorption disorder combined with a lack of quality food, which alcoholics often replace with alcohol, chronic alcoholics are prone to protein-energy malnutrition, lack of vitamins, minerals and selected trace elements. Inadequate nutrition is a predictor to higher morbidity and mortality in chronic alcohol users, especially if they suffer from liver disease as a result of alcohol abuse. The aim of the work was to find out how experts in the Czech Republic take care of the nutritional status of their patients. If and how is malnutrition diagnosed and treated, and whether experts see the point of nutritional care for the alcoholics, especially in terms like a preventing the onset and progression of liver disease, and what is the potential difference between psychiatric facilities and gastroenterology departments. The research showed that the...
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Body awareness of women alcoholics
ŠILHAVÁ, Pavla Zoja
This study examines relation to one´s body and body awareness in women abusing alcohol. Theoretical part describes alcohol addiction and its characteristics in women, further it looks on connection between addiction and body in various ways body awareness, ways and symptoms of its distortion, frontiers of body and bodily dissociation. Empirical part attempts to describe experiencing of body and its personal history in women treated in hospital with alcohol addiction. Qualitative design using multiple case studies was used to answer questions of this research. Data were collected in half-structured interviews, secondary method of data collection was observing of respondents during movement programme and their written reflection of this programme. Data were analysed using open and axial coding, results were described in single cases as in their comparison. It showed that relation to body in respondents has symptoms of body awareness distortion and bodily dissociation. While analysing their personal history this distortion has been traced to early childhood and relationships with mother and father when first experiences of overstepping personal body frontiers happened. Respondents tend to exhibit themselves to similar experiences in couple relationships. Disconnection of body sensations and inability to cope with body tension appeared to be important factor of their alcohol addiction.
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Comorbidity of Alcohol Abuse and Eating Disorders: Prevalence of Eating Disorders among Women Hospitalized for Alcohol Abuse
Rolová, Gabriela ; Šťastná, Lenka (advisor) ; Doležalová, Pavla (referee)
Introduction: Results of previous studies have shown a significant association be- tween alcohol abuse and eating disorders which often co-occur as a comorbidity. The co-occurrence of these diseases brings significant medical, social, and psychological complications and predicts a worse course of both disease and outcomes. Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to verify the association between the alcohol abuse and eating disorders by detecting the prevalence of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder in women who are receiving the treatment for alcohol abuse. Methods: The survey includes 51 women hospitalized for alcohol abuse in PN Bohnice. The data were obtained during the questionnaire survey using the Munich Eating Disorder Questionnaire (Munich ED-Quest) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identifi- cation Test (AUDIT), supplemented by socio-demographic questions. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS. Results: In total, 25.5% of respondents suffer from eating disorders at some point. Currently, 9.8% of women with an average age of 38.6 years with a median of 40 years suffer from eating disorder. In the past, 23,5% of respondents were affected by eating disorders. For the current period, 1.96% of women have met the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa and...
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Development of mortality of women in relation to the selected risk factors of lifestyle in the Czech Republic since 1995
Řezníčková, Albína ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kraus, Jaroslav (referee)
Development of mortality of women in relation to the selected risk factors of lifestyle in the Czech Republic since 1995 Abstract The main objective of the thesis is to characterize development of mortality of causes of death, which may be related to lifestyle, by using methods of demographic analysis. The thesis focuses on describing the relation of lifestyle and mortality. Mortality of the population of women in economically active age in the Czech Republic from 1995 to 2012 is analyzed. This thesis defines the group of causes of death, which can be related to lifestyle risk factors, namely smoking, alkohol abuse and drug use. The development of mortality to the defined group of causes of death and its sub-causes of death is demonstrated by demographic indicators. These indicators are: standardized mortality rate, age-specific probability of death, temporary life expectancy and decomposition of the difference of temporary life expectancy at age 15-65 between 1995 and 2012 by age group and (sub)groups of causes of death. Keywords: mortality, women's lifestyle, smoking, alcohol abuse, drug use
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Psychoactive substance abuse and its influence on work behavior. Mental vulnerability of managers to alcohol addiction.
Hanzlovský, Michal ; Rymeš, Milan (advisor) ; Boukalová, Hedvika (referee)
8 HANZLOVSKÝ, Michal. Vplyv užívania psychoaktívnych látok na pracovné správanie : psychická vulnerabilita k alkoholovej závislosti u manažérov. Diplomová práca. Praha: Univerzita Karlova v Praze. Filozofická fakulta. Katedra psychologie, 2011. 104 s. Vedúci diplomovej práce Doc. PhDr. Milan Rymeš, CSc. Abstract The presented thesis focuses on the topic of psychoactive substance addictions in terms of work and organisational psychology. Specifically, we introduce these issues of dependence with people in managerial positions, and their impact on work-related functions and leadership. Besides the principal clinical contexts of addictions as biopsychosocial issues, the theoretical part of the thesis deals with the problems of stress and mental vulnerability of managers to alcohol dependency with an emphasis to problems of alcohol at the workplace. The practical part of the paper presents a screening of alcohol abuse on the sample of Czech managers. Key words: alcohol, alcohol abuse, psychoactive substance, addiction, manager, stress, mental vulnerability
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Nutrition as a risk factor for acute pankreatitis
PECHUŠKOVÁ, Pavlína
Acute pancreatitis or acute inflammation of the pancreas is not one of the most common diseases. Pancreas is a vital organ involved in many important digestive processes and its infliction may be fatal. Patients with acute pancreatitis represent 1-2 % of patients hospitalized at surgical departments (Dobiáš, 2012). The most common ethiological factors of acute pancreatitis are cholelithiasis and excessive consumption of alcohol (Havel, 2004; Lukáš, 2007; Kasper, 2009; Svačina, 2010; Šimek, 2005; Špičák 2005). These factors together make up 80 % of the causes. Most often stated ratio is 3:1 in favor of cholelithiasis. Among rarely occuring causes are abdominal injuries, developmental anomalies of pancreas, drugs, hyperparathyreosis and uremia. This bachelor´s thesis deals with nutrition, eating habits and other factors that might cause acute inflammation of the pancreas. The aim of the thesis is to valorize eating habits of patients with acute pancreatitis and to evaluate how much is the excessive alcohol consumption involved in causing the desease. I set two hypotheses to achieve these goals: Hypothesis 1: The patients with acute pancreatitis followed principles of healthy diet before getting ill. Hypothesis 2: The majority of respondents consumed excessive amount of alcohol before getting ill. Acute pancreatitis as a disease is described and defined in the theoretical part of the thesis. Then its occurence is cleared up, proved and suspected causes, clinical picture and process of treatment of the disease are elucidated. Dietary measures recommended for the patients are described in detail. I also delineate the principles of pancreatic diet and its phases. In conclusion the influence of the eating habits and suitable precautions are described. The results of my research are presented in the practical part of the thesis. The research was to evaluate eating habits of the patients with acute pancreatitis before the disease outbreak. Moreover the consumption of alcoholic beverages, the presence of another illnesses and the probable risk factors causing acute pancreatitis were eximined. I have chosen quantitative research method. The research was conducted by the means of questionnaire survey at the wards of five different hospitals. The research sample consisted of 27 patients, both sexes and different ages, with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. The aim was to evaluate probable risk factors causing acute pancreatitis and the role of diet and alcohol consumption. The results showed that the Hypothesis 1 was not confirmed. The patients didn´t follow the principles of healthy diet before getting ill. Hypothesis 2 was not confirmed too. In most cases the patients didn´t consume more than the tolerated amount of alcohol per day. However, in comparison with the other factors, alcohol can significantly contribute to the onset of acute pancreatitis. Futhermore, it was found that another risk factor for acute pancreatitis is cholelithiasis, the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts, either currently or previously. Another interesting finding was that Body Mass Index of the patients is not directly correlated with their eating habits. The thesis brings knoledge about the causes of acute pancreatitis, about the eating habits´ influence and about the impact of excessive alcohol consumption. If causes are clear, prevention measures can be set easily. Nutritional recommendations based on the results could be set down for residents and it could thereby contribute to the reduction of occurence of the disease.
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