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Subject constancy in English texts compared with Czech
POTUŽNÍKOVÁ, Radka
This diploma thesis titled Subject constancy in English texts compared with Czech explores the relative constancy of subject in English complex sentences. The theoretical part of the thesis starts with a chapter about the subject as a clause constituent, then proceeds to define principles which influence word order in English and Czech, and lastly specifies what exactly, according to the Czech linguist Vilém Mathesius, is meant by the subject constancy. The practical part of the thesis focuses on language analysis which should confirm or disprove the theory about English having a much stronger inclination for subject constancy than Czech. The analysis was performed on authentic, stylistically diverse English texts and their equivalents in Czech, which is why the thesis also deals with the quality of translation.
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Fronting in present-day English
SUCHÁ, Eliška
This diploma thesis deals with the phenomenon of the English word order called ``fronting``, i.e. the initial position of a clause constituent other than the subject in the sentence. The introductory part is based on the relevant linguistic literature available, a separate section is devoted to the initial position of negative expressions. In the practical part of the thesis the author examines the frequency of fronting of the respective clause constituents, and the proportion of the ``thematic`` and ``rhematic fronting``, i.e. how often and under what conditions the initial clause constituent represents part od the theme, or rheme, respectively. The source material for the research are authentic English texts from fiction, journalism and the authentic spoken language.
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The position of scene-setting adverbials in English and Czech. A comparison on the basis of parallel texts
Kunstová, Adéla ; Dušková, Libuše (advisor) ; Brůhová, Gabriela (referee)
The subject of the presented paper is the analysis of the position of scene-setting adverbials based on parallel texts. The aim of the study is to find out the most typical position for placing of such adverbials realized by verbless construction and to determine the factors influencing the position in both languages with respect to differences between the Czech and English word order. The theory is based on the functional approach described in Brno linguistic school and is applied to 200 examples from the corpus Intercorp. Out of the given number of examples, exactly one hundred tokens belong to the translation direction from En to Cz and the second half to the opposite direction of translation. With respect to the English word order, which takes over some of the grammatical functions resulting in relative rigidity, scene-setting adverbials are usually placed in the final position. However, it is assumed that most languages have a tendency to place the most important information to the end of the sentence. It follows that one of the goals of this work is to describe the factors allowing these adverbials to be placed in this position with no effect on the communicative dynamism of the adverbials themselves as well as on other sentence elements. The term 'scene-setting' suggests that these adverbials...
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On the inherency priciple in contemporary Dutch
Kyslý, Martin ; Pekelder, Jan (advisor) ; Hrnčířová, Zdeňka (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is to describe the phenomenon known as the Inherency Principle in the Dutch language from the perspective of a non-native speaker. The study focuses on research and analysis of how modern journalism incorporates grammatical rules, and specifically the application of the Inherency Principle within journalistic text. The study is based on a review of several newspaper articles from a range of news categories including current affairs; culture; comment; sport etc. The structure of the sentences within these texts is critically analysed and carefully assessed to identify if the practical use of language in journalism corresponds to the rules of the Inherency Principle as defined in The Algemene Nederlandse Spraakkunst (ANS). The ANS is considered to hold some of the most important and complex grammatical functions by both expert and non-native Dutch speakers. The Inherency Principle in particular is linked to a number of issues that are explored in this paper. The second chapter of the thesis outlines the theoretical basis of the Inherency Principle using two descriptive grammatical handbooks of the Dutch language, namely Algemene Nederlandse zin, by Haeseryn et. al. from 1997, and Grammatica van de Nederlandse zin, by Vandeweghe et. al. from 2004. The subsequent chapters...
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French adjectives that change meaning according to the word order
ŘEHOŘ, Matěj
In this bachelor thesis, I would like to distinguish the meaning of french adjectives. Some french adjectives change the meaning in a sentence regarding where they stand. It might be in front of the noun or behind it. I would also like to compare french and czech adjectives in terms of a meaning in a sentence. The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to describe the difference of some adjectives´ meaning in french. The second part will consist of working with czech corpus and searching adjectives to compare their position in the sentence.
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Spatial and Temporal PPs and their Positioning in the Sentence. Contrastive analysis between Dutch and French.
Bastin, Thomas ; Pekelder, Jan (advisor) ; Rezková, Iva (referee)
in English This thesis focuses on the spatial and temporal prepositional phrases (PP) and their positioning in French and Dutch. Both languages have different sentence structures, and it was therefore presumed that the positions of the PPs would vary in both languages. The purpose of this thesis was to do an analysis in this field, to describe the possible positions of spatial and temporal PPs and to compare them. The research was done within the functionalist theory of André Martinet. This theory is based on the fact that the main objective of language is communication and that people use various strategies to interpret messages on different levels. It also must be taken into account that various principles influence word order. Sentence structure, strategies and principles are factors that create a complex word order system must be considered when forming each sentence. On this basis, the purpose of this thesis is to describe these factors and demonstrate their usage through analysis of concrete, practical examples.
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Referential properties of bare noun phrases in Czech
Burianová, Markéta ; Šimík, Radek (advisor) ; Lehečková, Eva (referee)
The subject matter of the diploma thesis is the bare noun phrase and its referential properties with focus to (in)definiteness. The aim is to present an empirical evaluation of factors that influence the interpretation of definiteness of bare noun phrases in Czech. The first part of the thesis recounts on existing theories of reference and definiteness, both in general and with focus to Czech as a language without obligatory determination. Our basic assumption is that the interpretation of definiteness of bare noun phrases is based on their position within a syntactic and semantic sentence structure, topic-focus articulation and word- or situational context. We focus on the relation between definiteness and an absolute position within a sentence, a verb-relative position and modification of the NP. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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On some aspects of "German with ease" from the point of view of language acquisition
Kořánová, Nora ; Blahak, Boris (advisor) ; Šemelík, Martin (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with a specific sequence in the acquisition of German verb placement. The actual subject of research is the language textbook for self-learners "German with Ease" produced by the company Assimil. The textbook supposedly offers a method based on similar principles, which apply in L1 acquisition. The goal of the thesis is to asses to what extent the acquisition sequence has been respected in the textbook. The thesis thus provides a critical analysis of the textbook on a psycholinguistic background. The theoretical part consists of a description of the textbook and compares the Assimil method with other existing methods. It also reviews the psycholinguistic research in the field of acquisition sequences. The practical part of the thesis describes data types and foci, data selection, data presentation and evaluation. Based on the conclusions of the practical part, changes are presented, which may result in the textbook quality enhancement.
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On the inherency priciple in contemporary Dutch
Kyslý, Martin ; Pekelder, Jan (advisor) ; Hrnčířová, Zdeňka (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is to describe the phenomenon known as the Inherency Principle in the Dutch language from the perspective of a non-native speaker. The study focuses on research and analysis of how modern journalism incorporates grammatical rules, and specifically the application of the Inherency Principle within journalistic text. The study is based on a review of several newspaper articles from a range of news categories including current affairs; culture; comment; sport etc. The structure of the sentences within these texts is critically analysed and carefully assessed to identify if the practical use of language in journalism corresponds to the rules of the Inherency Principle as defined in The Algemene Nederlandse Spraakkunst (ANS). The ANS is considered to hold some of the most important and complex grammatical functions by both expert and non-native Dutch speakers. The Inherency Principle in particular is linked to a number of issues that are explored in this paper. The second chapter of the thesis outlines the theoretical basis of the Inherency Principle using two descriptive grammatical handbooks of the Dutch language, namely Algemene Nederlandse zin, by Haeseryn et. al. from 1997, and Grammatica van de Nederlandse zin, by Vandeweghe et. al. from 2004. The subsequent chapters...
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The position of scene-setting adverbials in English and Czech. A comparison on the basis of parallel texts
Kunstová, Adéla ; Dušková, Libuše (advisor) ; Brůhová, Gabriela (referee)
The subject of the presented paper is the analysis of the position of scene-setting adverbials based on parallel texts. The aim of the study is to find out the most typical position for placing of such adverbials realized by verbless construction and to determine the factors influencing the position in both languages with respect to differences between the Czech and English word order. The theory is based on the functional approach described in Brno linguistic school and is applied to 200 examples from the corpus Intercorp. Out of the given number of examples, exactly one hundred tokens belong to the translation direction from En to Cz and the second half to the opposite direction of translation. With respect to the English word order, which takes over some of the grammatical functions resulting in relative rigidity, scene-setting adverbials are usually placed in the final position. However, it is assumed that most languages have a tendency to place the most important information to the end of the sentence. It follows that one of the goals of this work is to describe the factors allowing these adverbials to be placed in this position with no effect on the communicative dynamism of the adverbials themselves as well as on other sentence elements. The term 'scene-setting' suggests that these adverbials...
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