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Rhematic subjects in written English: regular preverbal position vs. focusing by it-cleft
Kudrnová, Anna ; Dušková, Libuše (advisor) ; Brůhová, Gabriela (referee)
The thesis aims to describe and compare the use of two English syntactic structures: sentences with a rhematic subject in the preverbal position and it-clefts with focused subject. It does so from the viewpoint of functional sentence perspective as conceived and elaborated by the members of the Prague Linguistic School and their Brno School followers. The main goal of the thesis is to determine whether the constructions are mutually exclusive or whether they can be under certain circumstances interchangeable. For the purposes of the analysis, 200 example sentences were collected from contemporary fiction, i.e. 100 for each construction. Subsequently, their relevant features were examined, especially those concerning dynamic semantic scales and realization form of the subjects; these aspects were expected to differ. The analysis has shown that each of the constructions has rather specific uses and they overlap only rarely, in sentences in which the two basic dynamic semantic scales, the Presentation Scale and the Quality Scale, intersect.
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The syntax and semantics of the subject "it" as a style marker
Fišerová, Helena ; Dušková, Libuše (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
This thesis analyses the distribution of the different functions of the subject it in two text types: academic prose and fiction. The objective of the thesis is to discover to what extent and in which aspects the two examined text types differ. The analysis is based on two hundred examples of it in the subject function obtained from the British National Corpus (BNC), one half of them drawn from academic prose, the other from fiction. The functions of it analysed include anaphoric it, anticipatory it, empty it and it as the subject in a cleft sentence (focusing it). The discussion of anaphoric it focuses on the distance of the referent from the pronoun, the realisation form and semantic role of the referent; in the case of anticipatory it, attention is paid to the type of subordinate clause realising the extraposed subject and the realisation form and semantics of the predicate in the superordinate clause; for the cleft sentence, the analysis deals mainly with the realisation form and underlying syntactic function of the focused element. Additionally, the instances of it that did not fit into any of the four main categories are also examined. The two text types are first discussed separately, and the findings are then compared in the final part of the thesis. Key words: anaphoric it, anticipatory...
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Rhematic subjects in written English: regular preverbal position vs. focusing by it-cleft
Kudrnová, Anna ; Dušková, Libuše (advisor) ; Brůhová, Gabriela (referee)
The thesis aims to describe and compare the use of two English syntactic structures: sentences with a rhematic subject in the preverbal position and it-clefts with focused subject. It does so from the viewpoint of functional sentence perspective as conceived and elaborated by the members of the Prague Linguistic School and their Brno School followers. The main goal of the thesis is to determine whether the constructions are mutually exclusive or whether they can be under certain circumstances interchangeable. For the purposes of the analysis, 200 example sentences were collected from contemporary fiction, i.e. 100 for each construction. Subsequently, their relevant features were examined, especially those concerning dynamic semantic scales and realization form of the subjects; these aspects were expected to differ. The analysis has shown that each of the constructions has rather specific uses and they overlap only rarely, in sentences in which the two basic dynamic semantic scales, the Presentation Scale and the Quality Scale, intersect.
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Cleft Sentences in Norwegian and French
Řeháková, Petra ; Štajnerová, Petra (advisor) ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis deals with cleft senteces in Norwegian and French. The analysis is carried out on Norwegian originals and their French translations. This makes it possible to study the cleft sentence in the same context. Cleft sentences in Norwegian were analysed from the functional sentence perspective, syntactic and morfological point of view. It means that I studied the contextual dependece or indepence of the sentence elements and their degree of communicative dynamism, syntactic function of the focused elements and which words represent the focused elements. The main aim of the thesis is to find out how cleft sentences are translated from Norwegian to French
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Structures with thematization and rhematization in Spanish journalistic texts.
HAJDUKOVÁ, Lucie
The aim of the thesis "Structures with thematization and rhematization in Spanish journalistic texts" is to show how Spanish and Czech language achieve the thematization and rhematization of utterences. The theoretical part deals with some different theories of the word-order which are supported by Czech, Spanish and even world-recognized linguists. In the thesis there are mentioned theoretic approaches of Daneš, Mathesius, Sgalla and Firbase who in their work deal with the present-day sentence structure and thematical sequences and the thoery of Hernado Cuadrado and Fernández Soriano which talks about the dislocation to the left. The second, the practical, part is focused on the frequency of occurrence of the cleft sentences using which both languages achieve the thematization and rhematization and also on the comparison of the chosen issues on the basis of the Czech and Spanish journalistic articles.
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Syntactic Means of Rhematisation in Contemporary French in Comparison to Czech
ELIŠKOVÁ, Kristýna
The aim of the thesis "Syntactic Means of Rhematisation in Contemporary French in Comparison to Czech" is to describe syntactic means of rhematisation in French and denote its parallel in Czech language. First part of the thesis deals with the theoretical resources concerning Functional sentence perspective mainly in Czech-written literature by the most important authors (F. Daneš, J. Firbas, P. Sgall and others) and it also describes French conceptions by B. Combettes and M. Rothenberg concerning thematisation and rhematisation in French. The second part, which is practical, shows the concrete use of means described. The phrases are quoted from the literary texts contained in language corpus InterCorp.
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