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Smoking - Impact on the Czech State Budget and Its Fair Taxation
Hait, Pavel ; Mikolášek, Jakub (advisor) ; Mertlík, Pavel (referee)
The paper addresses the impact of smoking in the Czech Republic in 2009. The aim is to describe the current facts and trends of tobacco consumption, assess the mortality attributable to smoking, compute its financial impact on the Czech state budget, evaluate the transmission of tax changes into the retail price of cigarettes, assess consumer price elasticity for cigarettes, and compute a fair excise tax on cigarettes for the Czech Republic as well as the tax which would maximise the benefits of smoking for the state budget. For our purposes, we define "fairness" as a situation in which there is no net redistribution of state budget funds between two groups of citizens: non-smokers and smokers. Smokers create benefits (for example, savings on pensions due to their earlier deaths) and costs (for instance, increased health care costs) for the state budget. We search for a tax rate that would balance smoking-associated costs and benefits. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no prior work evaluating "fair" tax for cigarettes as we define it. Furthermore, we also compute the tax rate which would maximise net revenues from smoking to the government.
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ECONOMIC AND UNECONOMIC MEASURES IN TOBACCO INDUSTRY IN CZECH REPUBLIC IN LAST TEN YEARS
Zděnková, Radka ; Ševčík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Řežábek, Pavel (referee)
Smoking and tobacco industry is one of the most regulated area in majority of world's countries. It's because of government's effort to reduce the smoking prevalence and to protect the public health. But each individual is responsible for his own health, not the state. One of the most frequent measure taken in the fight against smoking is Tobacco advertising ban. However proportion of smokers in population hasn't decreased when the law came into force in Czech republic. It emerges from a variety of surveys that there's not a signifiicant relation between an advertising and consumption of tobacco products. Another measure is the health warnings on tobacco products, which doesn't influence the quantity of smokers at all. Entire smoking ban in privately owned public places harms the proprietary rights. An increasing of excise duty leads to increase in price of cigarettes and thus motivates consumers to go over to cheap cigarettes or smoking tobacco. At the same time the black market grows. The only impact of regulation is relative decrease of tax revenues as well as products' quality, and the rise in the criminality connected with the tax evasion and the cigarettes' black market.
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The position of Philip Morris Company on the Czech market
Kohoutová, Tereza ; Gullová, Soňa (advisor) ; Štemberk, Jan (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze, define and evaluate the position of Philip Morris Company on the Czech market. The work is divided into four main chapters. The first part is dedicated to the characteristics of Philip Morris, where the reader gets acquainted with the history and development of the company, its objectives and strategies. Also the best known cigarette brands that Philip Morris offers are presented. A considerable part of the work deals with the tobacco industry. It is devoted to the second chapter of the work. Close attention is focused on the regulatory measures of tobacco products, whose content is crucial for future development of the company. The mainstay is concentrated in the third chapter, which deals with the analysis of the position of Philip Morris on the tobacco market. To achieve the objectives of the work, the characteristics of the tobacco market in the Czech Republic and its consumers, identifying main competitors, financial analysis and SWOT analysis are stated. The final fourth chapter summarizes the main findings and discusses the prospects on the tobacco market and future development of the company.
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