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The prognostic significance of molecular alterations in pediatric gliomas of central nervous system
Mišove, Adéla ; Zápotocký, Michal (advisor) ; Netuka, David (referee) ; Kolenová, Alexandra (referee)
The prognostic significance of molecular alterations in pediatric gliomas of central nervous system Abstract The purpose of this dissertation is to delve into the molecular and genetic underpinnings of low-grade gliomas in children, focusing on a cohort treated over the past two decades. It aims to correlate these findings with the clinical course and outcomes of the disease. The study was conducted through a collaborative effort between the Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology and the Laboratory of Molecular Pathology at the Charles University, highlighting the significance of a multidisciplinary approach in diagnosing. This work highlights the importance of diagnosis as a synthesis of insights from various disciplines, underscoring the significance of molecular-genetic factors in the prognosis and treatment of low-grade gliomas in children. Through a detailed study involving methods such as PCR, Sanger sequencing, RNA panel sequencing, MLPA, and DNA methylation profiling, key genetic alterations were identified, including frequent BRAF fusions and mutations, changes in FGFR genes, and alterations in MYB/MYBL genes, among others. The study revealed the diverse molecular landscape of pediatric low-grade gliomas, emphasizing the need for integrated diagnostics in determining the appropriate management...
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Religion Overt and Covert in Post-secular International Relations
Pur, Matěj ; Parízek, Michal (advisor) ; Karlas, Jan (referee)
Inspired by the idea of the return of religion, this thesis explores the impact of religion on international relations. The theoretical basis was post-secular theory, first outlined by Jürgen Habermas. This theory suggests that spirituality grows outside traditional institutions even as organized religion loses members. The major turning point that led to the resurgence of religion in international politics was the end of the Cold War and the subsequent process of globalization. This shift opened the door for the analysis of the influence of religion in international relations, especially after 9/11 and during the Arab Spring. This thesis focused on three main areas: the use of religious language in the UN General Assembly, voting patterns in the UN, and the survival of international alliances. An innovative methodology was used for the content analysis of the General Assembly speeches, which expanded the lexical set of religious terms. The results showed that despite the theory of secularism, representatives of states use religious language. Analysis of voting patterns revealed a statistically significant influence of religion, particularly in the context of the Palestinian conflict and human rights resolutions. Finally, analysis of alliance survival revealed that religious diversity may lead to...
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Exercise-based predictors of atrial fibrillation recurrence in patients undergoing catheter ablation.
Mátych, Martin ; Pešl, Martin (referee) ; Hejč, Jakub (advisor)
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequently treated heart arrhythmia. Radiofrequency catheter ablation is a treatment option with a success rate ranging from 60 % to 80 % for paroxysmal AF. This work aimed to determine parameters associated with AF recurrence to identify high-risk patients. Data from 98 patients who underwent pulmonary vein isolation were analyzed. Out of these patients, 19 experienced AF recurrence. Exercise and echocardiographic parameters differed significantly between the recurrence and non-recurrence groups and were used in regression analysis. Peak oxygen consumption (pVO2) was found to be a strong predictor of AF recurrence after adjusting for gender and age (hazard ratio 0.43). Four parameters were identified as the ideal combination in multivariable analysis: pVO2, septal peak late diastolic mitral annulus velocity, post-exercise systolic blood pressure, and left atrial volume index. These findings highlight the importance of stress and echocardiographic parameters in predicting the success of ablation procedures.
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Application of demographic analysis in human resources management: A Case study on elite floorball players
Baťková, Markéta ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Janáková Kuprová, Barbora (referee)
Application of demographic analysis in human resources management: A Case study on elite floorball players Abstract This bachelor's thesis focuses on the possibilities of how to apply demographic analysis in the field of human resources management. Part of the work is also a case study which focuses on elite floorball players. The goal of this thesis is to introduce the concept of human resource management in general and to describe the possibilities of applying demographic analysis to other than just ordinary human populations on a theoretical level. The objectives of the case study include, among other things, demonstrating the different career times between men and women. The case study uses individual data of the 100 historically best male floorball players and 100 historically best female floorball players in the Czech Republic. Among the main methods used in demography and human resource management and also in sports are the construction of life tables and survival analysis. In the case study, statistically significant differences were found in the duration of the careers between men and women and in the average ages at the end of the career and in the average ages of achieving indivually best season. Keywords Human Resource Management, Workplace Diversity, Age, Sports, Applied Demography, Life...
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Social mobility of elites in the second half of the 19th century
Vlasák, Filip ; Velková, Alice (advisor) ; Klečacký, Martin (referee)
Social mobility of elites in the second half of the 19th century Abstract This thesis deals with the social mobility of senior civil servants in a very dynamic period in terms of the development of political administration in the lands of the Bohemian Crown, namely in the second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The aim of the thesis is to analyse and describe the change in the structure of civil servants according to their social origin, to statistically determine the significant factors that influenced the age of a civil servant when he or she first took up the post of district captain and to determine whether this age was prolonged during the period under study. The analysis was conducted using data from the EXPRO 2020 research database. The results show that officials with influential social backgrounds were almost twice as likely to become district governors at a younger age than officials from lower social class backgrounds. The main results of the paper are formulated in the conclusion, which in addition to the above, discusses what effect marrying a wife from an influential background had on an official's social mobility, or how long it took an official to climb the career ladder to become a district captain after successfully graduating from university, and what factors may...
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Patent Value Determinants
Štefánková, Stanislava ; Korytárová, Jana (referee) ; Němec, Daniel (referee) ; Polednáková, Anna (referee) ; Režňáková, Mária (advisor)
The dissertation extends the line of research in the field of patent valuation by interconnecting two main strands, the evaluation of quality of patent rights based on their characteristics on one hand, and monetary valuation of patents as assets on the other hand. Moreover, the dissertation proposes and verifies the idea that the value of a patent is driven also by the ability of its owner to use the competitive advantage gained. The aim is to identify characteristics of Czech corporate patents and their owners that affect their value and to propose a way to implement this knowledge in monetary patent valuation. The effect of several ex ante and ex post indicators on patent's life was analysed employing survival analysis methods. Factors that significantly affect the lifespan of patents of Czech companies were identified using the Cox proportional hazard model. The company’s ability to benefit from competitive advantage was measured by its return on assets and return on equity, which were described by a linear mixed model. Finally, the combined effect of patent characteristics and the firm’s ability to materialize the competitive advantage on patent renewal was analysed employing the joint model for longitudinal and censored data. The results revealed positive effect on the chance of patent renewal of patent backward citation, and the concordance level between patents' technological-class codes and those of their antecedent, i.e., documents it refers to. Conversely, the size of the patent portfolio and the number of inventors have a negative effect on the chance of patent renewal. Small and medium businesses’ patents are less likely to be renewed. The effect of the patent family size, the age of the company and the patent pendency time is time-dependent, it initially lowers the chance of renewal, but its strength gradually weakens. The economic life of patents was predicted based on the results of the joint model using Monte Carlo simulation, furthermore, the implications for monetary patent and business valuation were discussed regarding its investment value.
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Exercise-based predictors of atrial fibrillation recurrence in patients undergoing catheter ablation.
Mátych, Martin ; Pešl, Martin (referee) ; Hejč, Jakub (advisor)
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequently treated heart arrhythmia. Radiofrequency catheter ablation is a treatment option with a success rate ranging from 60 % to 80 % for paroxysmal AF. This work aimed to determine parameters associated with AF recurrence to identify high-risk patients. Data from 98 patients who underwent pulmonary vein isolation were analyzed. Out of these patients, 19 experienced AF recurrence. Exercise and echocardiographic parameters differed significantly between the recurrence and non-recurrence groups and were used in regression analysis. Peak oxygen consumption (pVO2) was found to be a strong predictor of AF recurrence after adjusting for gender and age (hazard ratio 0.43). Four parameters were identified as the ideal combination in multivariable analysis: pVO2, septal peak late diastolic mitral annulus velocity, post-exercise systolic blood pressure, and left atrial volume index. These findings highlight the importance of stress and echocardiographic parameters in predicting the success of ablation procedures.
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Analysis of incidence of competting risks and application of copula models
Hujer, Peter ; Volf, Petr (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jiří (referee)
This thesis first introduces the basic notions of univariate survival analysis. Then the survival analysis setting is extended to competing risk models, i.e. the cases considering several events of interest or several causes of one event. In the competing risk model, we discuss the problem of identification, which means that it is not possible to identify marginal distributions from observed competing risk data. Next, we present copula models, which are a suitable mathematical tool for modelling dependence structure between random variables. We explain their basic characteristics, present some useful copula families and the relationship of copula parameters with certain dependence (correlation) measures. Further, we show the utilization of copulas within competing risks models and how they can be helpful in the solution of identifiability problem. Finally, we apply the listed theoretical knowledge in a simulated example. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Regression models in survival analysis and reliability
Novák, Petr ; Volf, Petr (advisor) ; Antoch, Jaromír (referee) ; Dohnal, Gejza (referee)
Regression models in survival analysis and reliability Doctoral thesis Petr Novák Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Abstract: In present work we study methods for modeling the dependence of data from sur- vival and reliability setting on available explanatory variables. The first part of the work compares the properties of the Cox proportional hazards model, Aalen additive model and the Accelerated failure model for survival data. We present methods for testing goodness-of-fit based on counting processes and martingale theory, allowing to identify which model fits the data best. The second part focuses on modeling the lifetime of repairable systems. We study the means of incorporating the history of studied devices into the models, including the influence of corrective repairs and preventive maintenance actions. We demonstrate the introduced methods on real applications and study their properties in various situations on simulated data. 1
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Methods of survival analysis in the case of competing risks
Böhm, David ; Volf, Petr (advisor) ; Hurt, Jan (referee)
The thesis presents fundamental characteristics of survival analysis in the case of competing risks and their relationships. In the case without regression, basic nonparametric estimates and a logarithmic likelihood function for parameter estimates is given. The main focus is on Cox's proportional hazards model (PH), a model with accelerated time (AFT) and a flexible regression model (FG) are also mentioned. The identifiability of the associated survival function is solved using copulas. Basics of copula theory and the measurement of dependence by correlation coefficients (Pearson, Spearman and Kendal) are described in a separate chapter. A substantial part of the theory is practically used in a generated case without regression.
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