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Nursing care for a child patient with visual ampairment - strabismus
ŽLIČAŘOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis deals with the nursing care of a pediatric patient with the visual impairment/ strabismus. The name of this visual defect is derived from the Greek word strabidzein - squint. The Czech name for this visual impairment is squint. If this defect is not detected and diagnosed early in a child's life, it can cause health complications later in his life. If treated late, it can cause health complications also in adulthood. The first aim of the bachelor thesis was to map the specifics of nursing care in a pediatric patient with this diagnosed defect, especially in hospitalized children. The second aim was to map the role of the nurse in the education of the pediatric patient with diagnosed visual impairment/ strabismus, especially in the preoperative and postoperative care of hospitalized children. The third aim was to map the impact of the disease on the psychological needs of pediatric patients with strabismus, both in hospitalised children and in families with children with strabismus. The final aim was to map the impact of the disease on the social needs of the pediatric patient with strabismus, also in the case of hospitalised children, as well as the impact on the social needs of the child's family. The research part of the study was created based on a qualitative investigation, using the method of interviewing families with children with strabismus and their parents and nurses working at the Eye Clinic of the Children's Hospital FN Brno. Data collection was carried out using in-depth interview technique. Data collection in families was conducted in person or online and in-depth interviews with nurses were conducted in person on the ward at the hospital. The results were processed using the pencil and paper method into categories and subcategories. The survey found that currently the approach in pre - and post-operative care is very individual and adapted to the needs of pediatric patients. Hospitalization of a pediatric patient with a legal representative or an attendant becomes a matter of course according to the possibilities of the department. In the course of our investigation, it was found that the specifics of nursing care are mostly related to the fact that the child cannot see, has one or both eyes covered after surgery. And medical staff becoming the "eyes" of the child and all care is then based on that. Furthermore, the roles of the nurse in the education of the pediatric patient were mapped, where it was found how important it is to educate the child according to his age, but it is also essential to educate the parents. And thanks to this, the whole hospitalization is usually calmer, because parents have enough information and the mutual cooperation between hospital staff and parents works. Furthermore, it was confirmed that young children with strabismus do not have problems with integration into the collective, neither does strabismus cause them problems in sports activities. However, no child in the interviews is doing the sport at a professional level, the possibility of restrictions cannot be assessed here. It has also been found that often the strabismus itself and its diagnosis are psychologically more difficult for parents to bear than for the children themselves. In the end, it was found that the children found it most difficult to use the occlusor among the compensatory aids. Here, further adaptation of this compensatory aid to the child is needed so that it is as suitable as possible and the treatment can be effective. The results obtained from the research can be used to create an educational leaflet for children and their parents motivating them to wear the occlusor and other compensatory aids for strabismus. The reason for this is that families were found to frequently refuse to wear an occlusor or glasses as a compensatory aid, or to take them off.
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Possibilities and Limits in the field of Visual Reeducation in Preschool Children with Binocular Vision Disorders
PŘIBYLOVÁ, Hana
The topic of this bachelor thesis are the current options and limits within the area of reeducation of eyesight abilities of pre-school children with binocular vision disorders in ordinary kindergartens and in classes organised based on the § 16 par. 9 School Law for children with a visual impairment or in kindergartens organised based on the § 16 par. 9 School Law for children with a visual impairment. The thesis is divided into two parts - a theoretical one and a practical one. The theoretical part introduces the characteristics of a pre-school child. Further, it deals with the definition of visual functions and options of their cure. It briefly specifies the development of eyesight. In the following chapter, binocular vision disorders are defined, such as strabismus and amblyopia. A considerable part of the bachelor thesis is devoted to the consequences of binocular vision disorders and to the therapeutical methods of correcting these disorders. The options of pre-school education for children with binocular vision disroders are described. Further on, the theoretical part deals with the demarcation of the form of special pedagogical care for children with binocular vision disorders and the conditions of visual reeducation in these children in kindergarten. Attention is also focused on the description of a special pedagogy centre for people with visual impairment. The objective of the practical part of the bachelor thesis was to compare the current options and limits within the area of reeducation of visual abilities in pre-school children with binocular vision disorders in usual kindergartens and in classes organised based on the §16 par. 9 School Law for children with a visual impairment or in kindergartens organised based on the §16 par. 9 School Law for children with a visual impairment. To fulfill the objective, qualitative research was chosen. To collect data, the method of three questionnaires was chosen, where the first questionnaire was directed at kindergarten teachers, the second questionnaire was directed at kindergarten directors, head teachers, and kindergarten director representatives, and the third questionnaire was directed at ortoptists.
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Special pedagogy in childcare for children with functional sight disorders
Prucková, Kateřina ; Květoňová, Lea (advisor) ; Kramosilová, Zuzana (referee)
0 TITTLE: Special pedagogy in childcare for children with functional sight disorders AUTHOR: Kateřina Prucková, DiS. DEPARTMENT: Special pedagogy SUPERVISOR: doc. PhDr. Lea Květoňová, Ph.D. ABSTRACT: This work deals with a special-pedagogical care of preschool age children, suffering from functional disorders of vision. The first part of the work is devoted to preschool age children, their ontogenetic development and physiological development of vision. Other chapters describe the functional visual disorders including strabism and amblyopia. The main part is devoted to remedies of the binocular vision defects and furthermore to a special pleoptical- orthoptic exercises. This part also functions as a source of activities and ideas for working with children either at home or at school environment. KEYWORDS: Strabismus, amblyopia, orthoptics, pleoptics, preschool age children, special-pedagogical care
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Ir.M.A. - Infrared Measurement and Analysis of Accommodation and Vergency
Jindra, Tomáš ; Dušek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Páta, Petr (referee)
This work is dealing with design of the systém for measuring dynamics of the vergence and accommodation. Vergence accommodation synkinesis is a complex process controlled by various mechanisms in CNS. Deviations from physiological state of the vision process are projected to course of the vergence accommodation curves and is possible the quantitative and qualitative evaluation. For this purpose was designed the measuring system Ir.M.A. (Infrared Measurement of Accommodation). The system uses high-speed videometric device for determination of the relative vergence and relative accomodation of the eyes. Stimulation of the patient's eyes is performed by the standardized jump change of the fixation object distance. The object is reconstruted by holographic method. Measured videosequences are processed by the image analysis. Results of the image analysis are courses of the vergence and accommodation curves depending on time and characteristics of the curves. System is designed for using in clinical practice where it could be used as screening instrument for diagnostics of the oculomotor system disorders.
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School maturity and readiness of children with binocular vision disorders
JUSKOVÁ, Denisa
The purpose of the bachelor's thesis is to analyze the school maturity and school readiness of children with binocular vision disorders. The partial aim is to draw up individual plans for the development of the children involved in the research. In order to fulfill the aims mentioned, a method of qualitative research strategy - case study was used. Observation, interview and document analysis were used to gather the data. The thesis is divided into two parts, the theoretical part and the practical part. The theoretical part consists of four chapters. The first chapter deals with the concept of a visually impaired child and the most commonly used classifications of visual impairment. In the second chapter, besides the definition of the term binocular vision, the development of visual perception is described, which includes the development of binocular vision. The third chapter looks into the binocular vision disorders - specifically their definition, classification, possibilities of re-education and finally on their consequences. The last chapter of the theoretical part deals with school maturity and school readiness - particular attention is paid to preschool education, definition of terms school maturity and school readiness, detailed description of individual components of school maturity and in conclusion it also touches on the diagnostics of school maturity. The practical part is divided into three chapters. The first chapter refers to the research methodology. In the second chapter results of the research are analyzed - especially personal anamnestic data, detailed analysis of school maturity and in connection with the development of particular parts of school maturity, the cooperation of the family with pre-school facilities is included. There are drawn up individual plans of development of the children involved in the research in the last chapter of the practical part. Based on the research it was established that it is not possible to determine specific level of school maturity a school readiness of the children with binocular vision disorders, since every child is unique, with his / her own options and limits, which means that the level of school maturity and school readiness of these children is a very individual matter that depends on number of factors, such as type of visual impairment and its impact on particular parts of school maturity, adherence to treatment plan, potential postponement of school attendance and, last but not least, cooperation between the family and the pre-school facility.
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Meaning Orthoptics and pleoptics in children with disorders of binocular vision in preschoolers
ŠVIHELOVÁ, Lucie
The bachelor thesis deals with the topic The importance of orthoptics and pleoptics in children with disorders of binocular vision (BV) at pre-school age. The visual defects that most often occur in pre-school children are strabismus and amblyopia. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to describe the educational process and the possibilities of realization of pleoptic and ortoptic exercises in children with disorders of BV in nursery school (hereinafter referred to as "MŠ") in the main educational process. The thesis is divided into two parts, the theoretical part and an empirical part.The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter focuses on the specific development of a child with BV at pre-school age. The second chapter describes the most common visual defects of childhood, BV and its development, disorders and remedy. The last chapter deals with the pre-school education, possibilities of education of a child with a BV disorder and legislation related to pre-school education. The aim of empirical part is to evaluate the management of daily activities of children with BV disorder in the mainstream educational system and to evaluate the level of individualized access to a child with a BV disorder in the mainstream educational system. A qualitative survey is used to meet these objectives. The collection of qualitative data is realized by the method of analysis of pedagogical documentation of children with binocular defects, participating observation according to set categories, semi-standardized interviews with pedagogues of mainstream educational system. The results of the sub-targets are processed into four specific case studies. The research file is chosen through a deliberate selection process in accordance with the defined goal of the work it means children with BV disorders - with strabismus and amblyopia and pedagogues who have children with these visual defects in their classroom. On the basis of the theoretical background and the results of a qualitative survey in the field it was found that children with BV disorders have some specificities with visual perception within the educational process in the kindergarten and the associated difficulties in coordinating movement, spatial orientation, memory, attention. In the viewfinder, visual defects are at the edge of severity, although these disorders can be effectively corrected or removed entirely at this age, until the onset of compulsory school attendance. The degree of individual approach by the pedagogue in the kindergarten is then helped to manage the activity in the form of spatial adjustment, providing a longer period of time to master, editing worksheets, explaining the direction of fulfillment, content, working with opinion, developing compensatory senses, adjusting light conditions.
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Special pedagogy in childcare for children with functional sight disorders
Prucková, Kateřina ; Květoňová, Lea (advisor) ; Kramosilová, Zuzana (referee)
0 TITTLE: Special pedagogy in childcare for children with functional sight disorders AUTHOR: Kateřina Prucková, DiS. DEPARTMENT: Special pedagogy SUPERVISOR: doc. PhDr. Lea Květoňová, Ph.D. ABSTRACT: This work deals with a special-pedagogical care of preschool age children, suffering from functional disorders of vision. The first part of the work is devoted to preschool age children, their ontogenetic development and physiological development of vision. Other chapters describe the functional visual disorders including strabism and amblyopia. The main part is devoted to remedies of the binocular vision defects and furthermore to a special pleoptical- orthoptic exercises. This part also functions as a source of activities and ideas for working with children either at home or at school environment. KEYWORDS: Strabismus, amblyopia, orthoptics, pleoptics, preschool age children, special-pedagogical care
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Frequency of hidden vision defects in preschool children as a handicap of their prosperous development and play as means of vision reeducation in kindergartens
Fidlerová, Dagmar ; Šumníková, Pavlína (referee)
The thesis presents a successful project of vision screening in preschool children carried out mostly in kindergartens in Pardubice. The quantitative, non- experimental research of vision defects frequency in preschool children in Pardubice was realized by means of deduktive method and brought surprising, as well as alarming results.It proves, that 7.8% of preschool children had hidden vision defects, as until the time of vision screening these defects had not been discovered by pediatric practitioners at regular preventive examinations and also remained unnoticed by parents. The minimum of 10% rate of vision defects in preschool children then indicates the necessity to introduce vision reeducation in common kindergarten classes in Pardubice. As special pedagogical support, the thesis provides comprehensive methodology of vision reeducation. The method tank of 50 games and playful activities with thoroughly worked up methodology will help the teachers in common kindergarten classes to work with visually handicapped children.
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Ir.M.A. - Infrared Measurement and Analysis of Accommodation and Vergency
Jindra, Tomáš ; Dušek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Páta, Petr (referee)
This work is dealing with design of the systém for measuring dynamics of the vergence and accommodation. Vergence accommodation synkinesis is a complex process controlled by various mechanisms in CNS. Deviations from physiological state of the vision process are projected to course of the vergence accommodation curves and is possible the quantitative and qualitative evaluation. For this purpose was designed the measuring system Ir.M.A. (Infrared Measurement of Accommodation). The system uses high-speed videometric device for determination of the relative vergence and relative accomodation of the eyes. Stimulation of the patient's eyes is performed by the standardized jump change of the fixation object distance. The object is reconstruted by holographic method. Measured videosequences are processed by the image analysis. Results of the image analysis are courses of the vergence and accommodation curves depending on time and characteristics of the curves. System is designed for using in clinical practice where it could be used as screening instrument for diagnostics of the oculomotor system disorders.
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The role of nurses in the strabological clinic
SVOBODOVÁ, Jana
The eyesight is one of the most important senses. The most common sight impairments among children are strabismus and amblyopia. It affects up to 7 % of children population. The children with eyesight impairment are treated in strabological outpatient departments. The Orthoptics deals with prevention and diagnosis of visual impairments and subsequent treatment of amblyopia and squinting.There are two goals in this work: to determine specific demands concerning the work of nurse in strabological outpatient department and to find out about their role from the parents point of view.The practical part was conducted using qualitative research survey. The individual semi-structural interviews were used to gather the data. The interviews were conducted with the orthoptist nurses working in strabological outpatient departments in the South Bohemia Region and with the parents of the treated clients.The research survey showed that the work of orthoptist nurse is highly specific. It requires deep knowledge of the field. There are high demands on their practical skills. Orthoptist nurse organizes functioning of the department and the training room, assists the doctor, prepares clients for the examination and conducts many examinations on their own. Handles ortoptic and pleoptic devices and manages their maintenance. Creates their own aids. Communicates with the patients of all age groups. They are supposed to have enough empathy, patience and creativity. They provide intensive educational activity, because the contribution of training at home is significant in treating amblyopia and squinting. The parents of the patients expect improvement of the impairment, kind and patient approach, and last but not least providing information, advices and solving all kind of problems.
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