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The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on aerobic exercise in adolescent athletes
BAHENSKÝ, Petr
Supplementation is generally increasingly popular at this time, so the aim of our bachelor thesis was to explore in more detail the effect of beta-alanine supplementation on aerobic load in adolescent athletes. We looked at how beta-alanine affects the performance and endurance of young athletes during physical activity. In total, 20 young athletes participated in the study, of whom 8 were boys and 12 were girls. They underwent two staged exercise tests over a four-week period. The athletes were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group that supplemented beta-alanine and the control group that took placebo. The results showed that after four weeks of beta-alanine supplementation, there was a significant improvement in the overall time to exhaustion. Specifically, an increase of 7.4 % was observed. The running rate at the second ventilation threshold increased by 5.7 %. An important aspect was also the blood lactate value, which increased by 8.8 % three minutes after the end of the test. This increase in lactate suggests that beta-alanine supplementation resulted in greater exhaustion, resulting in increased lactate production. Next finding was that other parameters such as VO2max, maximum heart rate and final respiratory exchange rate did not change significantly. This indicates the specificity of the effects of beta-alanine under aerobic load in adolescent athletes. In conclusion, the results of this bachelor's thesis suggest a positive effect of beta-alanine supplementation on aerobic load in young athletes. This dietary supplement can be a useful tool for improving endurance performance and achieving better sports results in this specific group.
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Comparison of physiological parameter data generated by the Metalyzer 3B in the laboratory and the Metamax 3B for use in field research
Kříž, Tomáš ; Nohel, Michal (referee) ; Chlíbková, Daniela (advisor)
Increasing quality of the sport performance creates demands related to sports data acquisition which occurs in the natural environment. Such demands are then placed on the equipment manufacturers which need to adapt and adjust equipment for artificial as well as the outdoor environment. Furthermore, required equipment must be substantially reduced in terms of its weight as well as the size to minimize possible interference with the outdoor conditions. The remaining question is to which extent such adjustments influence the validity of the data inquiry and whether laboratory testing should be prioritized before outdoor testing. This thesis aims to provide a comparison between two oxygen consumption analysers across the unified evidence-based testing protocol. The first half of the testing is made with Metalyzer 3B (laboratory-based equipment), and the second part of the testing is made with Metamax 3B (outdoor-oriented equipment). Both analysers are produced by the Cortex company. The theoretical part of this project introduces the underlying theory of the oxygen consumption analysers and presents various methods used for the establishment of the VO2max. The practical part includes the measurements of set parameters on both devices with an identical test protocol. The t-test was used to prove statistical significance between Metamax 3B and Metalyzer 3B. Results of statistical analysis (V'O2 p = 0,54; V'CO2 p = 0,087; SF p = 0,49; V'E p = 0,2; DF p = 0,28; time p = 0,59) within the range of 95% confidence intervals.
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The Verification of the Use of the Heart Rate Variability in the Management of Training Process in Adolescent Mountain Bikers
KADLEC, Jakub
Cross-country Olympic (XCO) is one of the endurance sports. The training process of mountain bikers is very demanding because the rider must be complex in endurance and anaerobic skills. Alfa and omega of the training process is a periodization of training load and recovery. Heart rate variability (HRV) can help us assess body's condition and readiness for training. In the practical part of the work, an experiment was carried out, which was attended by eight adolescent mountain bikers. The intervention took place during the training camp. The total intervention time was four weeks. The participants were randomized into two groups. The first experimental group (ES) (n = 4) was a graduated training camp with a heart rate variability guided training load. The second group was a control group that used a classical predefined training plan. For evaluation of HRV training efficiency a VO2max test and 20 minutes time trial (20TT) on an ergometer were used. The results showed an improvement in mean power output during 20TT in the experimental group (PRE 303.5 W; POST 317.5 W) and relative values (PRE 4.58 W.kg-1; POST 4.68 W.kg-1). On the other hand, there were no changes in average power (PRE 308 W; POST 305.7 W) and relative values (PRE 4.20 W.kg-1; POST 4.20 W.kg-1). From a statistical point of view, there was no effect of HRV training on performance indicators (p <0.05). Our experiment failed to confirm the usefulness of HRV training for cyclists.
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Change in breathing economics during exercise due to previous application of breathing exercises based on the Wim Hof method to warm up
MARKO, David
The Wim Hof method is a worldwide phenomenon nowadays. The aim of our work is to determine whether the application of breathing exercises based on WHM will affect the breathing economy in subsequent spiroergometry in adolescent runners (14 boys and 14 girls). Runners underwent two identical graded exercise tests within 3 days, while before one of the tests was performed breathing exercise containing three rounds of controlled hyperventilation and subsequent breath holds. The spiroergometric test consisted of 4 two-minute load phases 1, 2, 3, and 4 W-kg-1. After the application of breathing exercises, there was a significant effect on the kinetics of VO2 (5.09%, 3.11%, 1.55% and 3.39% increase in individual phases of the test). There was also a significant increase of VO2-HR-1 (7.89%, 5.02%, 6.78% and 6.9%). On the other hand, smaller values were measured for the RER, where significance was demonstrated in the first three phases (7.53%, 2.94%, 2.7% and 0.85%). The parameters VE, VT and BF were not significantly affected. No significant differences were measured in the change in the involvement of the breathing sectors. The results of our work show that due to breathing exercises, including controlled hyperventilation and breath holding, the kinetics of oxygen consumption can be accelerated, which can lead to facilitated endurance performance.
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The impact of intervention breathing programme on breathing economy during increasing load
POUL, Daniel
Breathing is essential part of our life. Breathing exercise can help acquirement of proper breathing. Thanks to this process, sports performance can be improved. The aim of our work is to determine differences in values and compare results of spiroergometric parameters from testing on a bicycle ergometer in the laboratory of functional load diagnostics. We obtained the results by an entrance test and a final test tested after eight weeks. Between testing, selected individuals performed a respiratory intervention program. Nine performance university athletes, especially focused on football, got involved in our research. Data at the rest position and load were crucial. We focused on dynamic ventilation parameters such as tidal volume, respiratory rate, minute ventilation or oxygen consumption. In the output test, we also recorded changes in values in the respiratory segments, abdominal, thoracic and subclavian areas. We verified the results from the point of view of material and statistical significances. Both of these significances were evaluated in this thesis. The materially and statistically significant differences in the results of measurement were improved in the oxygen consumption by our probands. The studied probands were able to improve in various phases of load, for example, the material significance was detected at the respiratory rate during the load of three watts per kilogram. Ascertained results were not improved in all monitored parameters. The most significant changes were discovered in the three-watt load during the respiratory rate from 32,8 +- 7,2 to 30,9 +- 5,1 breaths per minute. Probands reduced oxygen consumption by 14.8 percent.
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Energy demand of exercise on stable and unstable surfaces
Muniová, Zuzana ; Jebavý, Radim (advisor) ; Blažek, Dušan (referee)
Title: Energy expenditure of exercise on stable and unstable surfaces Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the difference between energy expenditure of exercise on stable and unstable surfaces. Methods: Ten athletes (aged 27.4 ± 2.67), current students or graduates from Faculty of physical education and sport at Charles University, took part in this study. The study was an intragroup randomized experiment. Energy expenditure was determined by spiroergometry based on inhaled O2 and exhaled CO2. The metabolic analyzer MetaMax 3B was used to determine respiratory parameters. The measured data were analyzed through basic statistical operations. Results: The highest average energy expenditure of 252,6 kJ was measured for dynamic exercises on unstable surfaces. The value for the average energy expenditure on stable surfaces was 225,7 kJ. This was followed by energy expenditure of static exercise on unstable surfaces, where the average value was 205,4 kJ. Probands showed the lowest energy expenditure during static exercise on stable surfaces, where the average value was 177,5 kJ. The average difference between static exercise on unstable surfaces and static exercise on stable surfaces was 15,9 %. The difference between dynamic exercise on unstable surfaces and dynamic exercise on stable...
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Comparison of physiological parameter data generated by the Metalyzer 3B in the laboratory and the Metamax 3B for use in field research
Kříž, Tomáš ; Nohel, Michal (referee) ; Chlíbková, Daniela (advisor)
Increasing quality of the sport performance creates demands related to sports data acquisition which occurs in the natural environment. Such demands are then placed on the equipment manufacturers which need to adapt and adjust equipment for artificial as well as the outdoor environment. Furthermore, required equipment must be substantially reduced in terms of its weight as well as the size to minimize possible interference with the outdoor conditions. The remaining question is to which extent such adjustments influence the validity of the data inquiry and whether laboratory testing should be prioritized before outdoor testing. This thesis aims to provide a comparison between two oxygen consumption analysers across the unified evidence-based testing protocol. The first half of the testing is made with Metalyzer 3B (laboratory-based equipment), and the second part of the testing is made with Metamax 3B (outdoor-oriented equipment). Both analysers are produced by the Cortex company. The theoretical part of this project introduces the underlying theory of the oxygen consumption analysers and presents various methods used for the establishment of the VO2max. The practical part includes the measurements of set parameters on both devices with an identical test protocol. The t-test was used to prove statistical significance between Metamax 3B and Metalyzer 3B. Results of statistical analysis (V'O2 p = 0,54; V'CO2 p = 0,087; SF p = 0,49; V'E p = 0,2; DF p = 0,28; time p = 0,59) within the range of 95% confidence intervals.
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Comparison of the results of aerobic exercise testing while kayaking and crank ergometry of upper limbs
Busta, Jan ; Bílý, Milan (advisor) ; Novotný, Petr (referee)
Title: Comparison of the results of aerobic exercise testing while kayak paddling whith crank ergometry of upper limbs. Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the results of aerobic execise diagnostics of 6 elite kayakers (white water slalom) when paddling of flat water with crank ergometry of upper limbs. The results obtained when paddling on flat water were also compared with results obtained when paddling in the pool with counter (bachelor thesis). Based on the results we wanted to answer the question about the possible use specific forms of stress diagnosis (spiroergometry) in routine practice of training proces. Methods: We used standardized laboratory spiroergomtry stress test at crank ergometry of upper limbs and spiroergometry stress test when paddling on flat water of the same protocol. To obtain the functional values of physiological indicators in both test we used mobile spiroergometry equipment Cortex Metamax 3B and sporttester Polar. Feedback of probands were identified based on suervey with closed questions. Results: Testing kayakers reached when paddling on flat water the average functional values: heart rate (HR) 188,5 (±8,77) beats per minute, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max.) 56 ml.kg.min-1 (±6.31); maximum ventilation (VMAX.) 127.31 l.min-1 (±15.16);...
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Examination of vegetative system in hereditary neuropathy
Jílková, Daniela ; Horáček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kobesová, Alena (referee)
Aim: The aim of this thesis "Examination of vegetative system in hereditary neuropathy" is to consider the level of physical fitness, physical actvity level and quality of autonomic function in patients with hereditary neuropathy Charcot Marie Tooth and an assessment of interactions of these parameters, especially with regard to possible influence by the presence of autonomic neuropathy and with regard to neurological symptoms. Background: Although vegetative neuropathy was mentioned in the first publication about CMT, it is not widely discussed topic as part of it. Methods: Seventeen probands underwent spiroergometry, heart rate variability test, six minute walk test, rating by the CMT Neuropathy Score and Overall neuropathy disability scale and completing the IPAQ questionnaire. Results: We found symptoms of autonomic neuropathy in group of patients with CMT, especially high-frequency part of heart rate variability spectrum has a particularly significant decrease. Patients with autonomic neuropathy have shown a low fitness and functional capacity, tendency to obesity and hypertension. The observed correlation of autonomic neuropathy and neurological impairment was very weak. Conclusions: We find a neuropathy of the autonomic nervous system in patiens with hereditary motor and sensitive neuropathy...
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