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Soil salination and natural lignite as a potential remediating agent
Kořínková, Alena ; Sýkorová, Ivana (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with sorption ability of raw and water washed lignite for salt NaCl from water solution. Measurement was carried out in accordance with norm ČSN 11265 Quality of soil – Determination of electric conductivity with some modification (time period, extraction agent). Behaviour of lignite-water-NaCl, soil-water-NaCl and soil-lignite-water-NaCl mixtures was studied by measuring pH and electric conductivity.
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Nanoparticles of platinum metals in the environment
Berka, Michal ; Kučerík, Jiří (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
Platinum nanoparticles, mainly released from automotive catalysts, pose a potential risk to the environment. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to investigate the effect of platinum nanoparticles on soil properties at different humidities. Specifically, how nanoparticles affect the stability of hydrogen bridges, the stability of aliphatic crystals, and water retention in soil. For the analysis of relations between platinum nanoparticles, water and soil, a method of thermal analysis was used, namely differential scanning calorimetry. The theoretical part is devoted to the general introduction to platinum metals and nanoparticles. And the preparation of nanoparticles, their characterization and their properties. The result of the experiments is that platinum nanoparticles affect the soil properties relatively significantly.
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Wine Farmstead in Jaroslavice
Hudec, Adam ; Kolcunová, Pavlína (referee) ; Mléčka, Jan (advisor)
Design proposal is based on infiltration with its surrounding. The space is defined by landscape and topography qualities. The movement of space reflects the tension and instability of the current site which are the consequences of changing footwall and human intervention into that sensitive landscape interface. The building brings the closure, it not defines the place. It underlines the qualities of the place.
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The issue of water infiltration into the soil monitored by the EIS method
Bartoněk, Dominik ; Novotná, Jitka (referee) ; Pařílková, Jana (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is focused on the issue of water infiltration into soils and acquaintance with methods and procedures for monitoring the infiltration process in field conditions, including the assessment of the suitability of the method of electrical impedance spectrometry for the monitored issues. Infiltration ability of soil are involved in the formation of the landscape due to its resistance to extreme hydrological situations (floods, drought). Infiltration is process in which at exact time and at the certain rate is water absorbed from the earth´s surface into depth of the soil. Infiltration process is based on locality conditions and influenced by natural influences and by human activities. The measurement was performed at two selected localities of the School Forest Enterprise, which is an organizational part of Mendel University in Brno, in particular, of its Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology. The conception and realization of measuring of rain water infiltration into soil was performed in permanent forest stands located in the cadastre of the municipalities of Útěchov and Kanice. Both localities differ in the structure of the forest stands (species, age, spatial), and therefore the comparison of measured data was performed. In the case of the electrical impedance spectrometry method and the used measuring apparatus, this is a pilot work leading to the acquisition of knowledge, which factors can have a significant impact on soil infiltration and whether it is appropriate to apply the method and the measuring apparatus in this environment.
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Infiltration - the elementary hydrological process
Salač, Jan ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the evaluation of water infiltration into the soil in the area of interest of the village Šakvice. Measurements were carried out on 13 May 2009 and 10 September 2009 on arable land with convential tillage (with ploughing). For measurements were used double ring infiltrometers. To evaluate the cumulative infiltration and infiltration rate were used equations of Kostjakov, Mezencev, Philip and three-parameter equation of Philip‘s type. The results were processed numerically, plotted and then compared.
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Analysis of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in the soil
Vdolečková, Monika ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
The thesis dealt with the global problem of the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment, specifically fluoroquinol antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin), which are among other critically important antibiotics. These drugs enter the soil environment through the application of already contaminated animal waste (e.g. manure) or through wastewater used in irrigation or through the application of treated sewage sludge, which may contain drug residues. Increasing concentrations of these antimicrobial drugs in the environment provide an environment for the emergence and spread of microbial resistance. The accumulation of these drugs then leads to the emergence of resistance to these antibiotics. The experimental part of the thesis focused on the optimization of a method for the extraction and subsequent determination of fluoroquinolones in soil and litter. For this purpose, parameters related to the extraction yield of fluoroquinolones from the soil matrix were optimized, such as sample weighting, selection of a suitable extraction medium, SPE performance, elution method from the SPE, etc. Extraction recoveries of 70 to 140 % were achieved as part of the optimization. Finally, the optimised method for extraction of fluoroquinolones from poultry litter and soil samples provided by the ÚKZÚZ was used. The experimental results confirm the long-term persistence of these drugs in the environment.
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Considerations of the laboratory reference density for fine soil
Grmela, Jan ; Pácha, Petr (referee) ; Stehlík, Dušan (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to describe the field of the soil compaction. The thesis introduces the particular test methods of the soil compaction, their principles and the implementation techniques. The practical part deals with the examination of a fine-grained sample in a laboratory condition. The compaction is achieved by various methods. In accordance with the compaction results, the soil is further examined for the Immediate Bearing Index (IBI) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) after four day long saturation in water. The examination of the achieved results and finding the most suitable method for the fine-grained material is the outcome of the thesis.
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Mathematical simulation of temperature profile in the subsoil and creation of a model corresponding its real state
Charvátová, Pavlína ; Katunský,, Dušan (referee) ; Ostrý, Milan (referee) ; Čupr, Karel (advisor)
Increasing demands for low heat losses and energy intensity of a building influence energy calculations. Higher demands are placed on the accuracy of the calculations. An important part of the thermal engineering calculations is the determination of the correct boundary conditions. An important input factor is primarily the indoor and outdoor environment, and temperature is the most important parameter for these types of enviromnent. It is not always the temperature of the external environment, but the environment that is adjacent to the soil or to unheated or differently heated spaces. The possibilities of modeling temperatures below the object are described in the standard ČSN EN ISO 10211. This standard specifies details for a geometric model for the numerical calculation of heat flows to assess the total heat loss of buildings or parts thereof, as well as to derive linear and point heat transfer factors. Furthermore, to calculate minimum surface temperatures to assess the risk of surface condensation and to determine the surface temperature factors. These are two different computational models. Therefore, it would be appropriate to simplify these calculations by simplifying the boundary conditions, namely to conduct an isotherm at a certain level below the terrain, which will be considered as a boundary condition, which is also based on long-term experience with "frost-free" depth. This calculation would be unambiguous, clear and simple.
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Decomposition and stability of organic matter in soil
Tabaková, Eva ; Enev, Vojtěch (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
In the soil, the plant material is decomposed by several factors. In the process, one part of the carbon returns to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, whereas another part is stabilised in the soil. The aim of this study is decomposition and stability of organic matter in soil using a simple and innovative TBI method. Through this method, we examined the weight change after the incubation period of 90 days, where biomass of green tea was degraded in cambodia soil. Tea bags have provided us with valuable information on the decomposition and amount of carbon in the soil, because the biomass itself is of organic origin. This information is based on the fact that the soil and the decomposition processes have a direct impact on the change in climatic conditions. Thanks to further analytical methods, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and infrared spectroscopy with Furier transformation, was found indispensable information about tea composition.
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Relationship between thermo-oxidative stability and soil quality indicators
Svatoň, Karel ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
This diploma thesis focuses on the use of thermogravimetry as quick and low-cost method in the analysis of soil quality. Most of the currently used methods for analyzing some soil properties are, unlike thermogravimetry, demanding especially for pretreatment and analysis time. Previous research has shown an interesting correlation between thermogravimetry data and some soil properties, but to obtain these correlations, it is necessary to keep the analyzed soils at 76% relative humidity. The aim of this work was to determine whether similar correlations can also by achieved at lower relative humidities. Therefore, soil samples in this work were thermogravimetrically analyzed at 43% relative humidity. That humidity is closer to laboratory conditions and it is also easier to be reached by most of commercially available thermogravimeters. Next aim of this thesis was to find whether thermogravimetric data correlate with other soil properties, especially microbiological indicators of soil quality. Results showed that thermogravimetry of soil samples correlates with standard methods even at 43% humidity. Furthermore, it was found that they also correlate with selected microbiological parameters, such as anaerobic ammonification or urease activity. These results suggest the possibility of using thermogravimetry analysis at broader spectrum of soil properties, without the need for pretreatment of samples and at different (relevant) soil moisture.
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