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Dolonnuur monastery and relations between the Qing court, Inner Mongolia and Khalkha in 17th-19th centuries reflected by selected archive materials
Srba, Ondřej ; Luvsandorj, Jugder (advisor) ; Zikmundová, Veronika (referee)
This thesis deals with selected forms of the Manchu court influence on the relations of Khalkha and Inner Mongolia, eventually Northern China. It describes mainly the influences in the field of Buddhism (sir-a-yin šasin). It underlines the development of cultural-religious relations, phenomenon of pilgrimages, particularly the pilgrimages to Wutaishan, but the main topic is the role of Dolonnuur monastery and Dolonnuur municipality in the religious relations between Khalkha, Inner Mongolia and the Manchu court. Author points out, how the transitional period of these relations is reflected in the stories of Dolonnuur monks and in the increasing importance of Dolonnuur as a center of Chinese trade. This analysis is based on the local archive sources unpublished so far, especially the correspondence diaries of Dolonnuur monastery administrative bureau.
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Yihetuan 義和團: Militia United in Righteousness as a Religious Movement
Ivan, Robert ; Olivová, Lucie (advisor) ; Chlup, Radek (referee)
Using the perspective of religious studies the thesis analyzes the so called Boxer Uprising that swept the north China in 1900. It briefly summarizes the current state of scholarship and confronts the belief that the Boxers were a secret anti-government movement with connections to the White Lotus sect, or a nationalist movement fighting against the foreigners and the influence of imperialism. The common appellation Boxers refers to the Yihetuan 義和團 movement, but the thesis uses the translation Militia United in Righteousness instead because it better reflects the motives and goals of the movement. The objective of the thesis is to show that the Militia was a popular religious movement that was principally loyalist and fought primarily against the Christianity perceived as a danger to the social structure. Therefore the thesis investigates various aspects of the movement, including spirit possession and rituals of invulnerability, as well as the motives for anti-Christian attitudes. By putting the movement into a broader socio-cultural context it is shown that in order to understand the traditional China it is necessary to understand its religions. That is the reason for the emphasis on correcting misunderstandings concerning the Chinese religions and Qing dynasty (1644-1911). The thesis thus...
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By Barbarians Control Barbarians: The Position of Tusi within Area of Liangshan
Karlach, Jan ; Maršálek, Jakub (advisor) ; Klimeš, Ondřej (referee)
English Abstract This M.A. thesis analyses the politics of indirect rule within the peripheral area of Liangshan in southern Sichuan, which the imperial court tried to implement thru appointment of hereditary offices of indigenous chieftains (ch. tusi or tuguan). It uses primary sources in classical Chinese from official histories, local gazetteers, ethnographic studies and other documents, as well as secondary literature in Czech, English, French, German and Chinese. This thesis is divided into three interrelated chapters. The first chapter outlines the origin, changes and development of systems of indirect rule in Southwest China. The final stage of the development this political mechanism was a so-called "native chieftain system" (ch. tusi zhidu), through which the central court managed peripheral regions of its empire during Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. This chapter focuses on the development of these systems of indirect rule from the Warring States era (5th century BC) to the beginning of 20th century. The second chapter explores ethnographic, historico-political and ethnohistorical descriptions of Liangshan region. This chapter will then define the Liangshan region through geographical, political (the imperial court), and indigenous (ethnic) perspectives and therefore finalizes a theoretical...
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Yihetuan 義和團: Militia United in Righteousness as a Religious Movement
Ivan, Robert ; Olivová, Lucie (advisor) ; Chlup, Radek (referee)
Using the perspective of religious studies the thesis analyzes the so called Boxer Uprising that swept the north China in 1900. It briefly summarizes the current state of scholarship and confronts the belief that the Boxers were a secret anti-government movement with connections to the White Lotus sect, or a nationalist movement fighting against the foreigners and the influence of imperialism. The common appellation Boxers refers to the Yihetuan 義和團 movement, but the thesis uses the translation Militia United in Righteousness instead because it better reflects the motives and goals of the movement. The objective of the thesis is to show that the Militia was a popular religious movement that was principally loyalist and fought primarily against the Christianity perceived as a danger to the social structure. Therefore the thesis investigates various aspects of the movement, including spirit possession and rituals of invulnerability, as well as the motives for anti-Christian attitudes. By putting the movement into a broader socio-cultural context it is shown that in order to understand the traditional China it is necessary to understand its religions. That is the reason for the emphasis on correcting misunderstandings concerning the Chinese religions and Qing dynasty (1644-1911). The thesis thus...
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The Confucian Ideal of Harmonious Community according to the Norms of the Wu Lineage from Mingzhou
Vázal, Michal ; Lomová, Olga (advisor) ; Maršálek, Jakub (referee)
1 Michal Vázal: The Confucian Ideal of Harmonious Community according to the Norms of the Wu Lineage from Mingzhou Abstract Abstract: This paper aims to characterize the structure and values produced by rituals in a kinship community, and how these characteristics subsequently helped to shape a harmoniously working community and its ideological relationship with the state in terms of local governance. The rituals in question are partially confined in time and place, as they are observed on one particular community, and are examined only in the extent of the primary source named "The Norms and Rituals of the Wu Lineage of Mingzhou" (Mingzhou Wu Shi Jiadian) - a ritual manual authored mainly by Wu Di (died 1736) from the village of Mingzhou, which belonged to the Huizhou prefecture (the south of the present day Anhui province). On the other hand, this text is largely based on Zhu Xi's "Family Rituals" (Jiali) which were viewed across the country as the ritual standard. The most essential rituals used to govern the lineage were coming of age ritual, wedding rituals, funeral rituals and sacrifices to ancestors. A unifying principle behind the structure and values these rituals created was seniority. The lineage structure was created mainly by the system in which the branches of firstborn sons were superiors to...
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Dolonnuur monastery and relations between the Qing court, Inner Mongolia and Khalkha in 17th-19th centuries reflected by selected archive materials
Srba, Ondřej ; Luvsandorj, Jugder (advisor) ; Zikmundová, Veronika (referee)
This thesis deals with selected forms of the Manchu court influence on the relations of Khalkha and Inner Mongolia, eventually Northern China. It describes mainly the influences in the field of Buddhism (sir-a-yin šasin). It underlines the development of cultural-religious relations, phenomenon of pilgrimages, particularly the pilgrimages to Wutaishan, but the main topic is the role of Dolonnuur monastery and Dolonnuur municipality in the religious relations between Khalkha, Inner Mongolia and the Manchu court. Author points out, how the transitional period of these relations is reflected in the stories of Dolonnuur monks and in the increasing importance of Dolonnuur as a center of Chinese trade. This analysis is based on the local archive sources unpublished so far, especially the correspondence diaries of Dolonnuur monastery administrative bureau.
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The Bathang Incident: The end of thraditional Kham and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty Expansion in Sichuan-Tibetan Frontier
Vařil, Ondřej ; Slobodník, Martin (advisor) ; Hrubý, Jakub (referee)
The present paper deals with the event known as the Bathang incident, in the Sichuan- Tibetan border area in 1905, during which there was an uprising against the Chinese imperial administration, leading to the murder of Feng Quan, the Assistant High Commissioner to Tibet, and his retinue. In addition to the secondary literature, the paper utilizes mainly Chinese primary sources, along with travelogues and diaries written by Western missionaries and travellers. The initial portion of the first chapter describes the geographical characteristics of the broader area of Kham. Next follows a summary of the historical and political development of the territory, with an emphasis on the development of relations between Kham, Tibet, the Mongols and China, including the internal development and formation of its specific environment and culture. The second chapter turns to Bathang itself. The first subchapter is dedicated to the exceptional natural conditions in Bathang. The second section provides an overview of the historical development of the Bathang area and its gradual integration, first into the Mongol empire and then into the realm of the Qing dynasty. The introduction of the native chieftains system is also described. The third chapter contains an analysis of Bathang's inner power relations, with...
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