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Vztah efektivní míry zdanění příjmů fyzických osob a politicko-ekonomického cyklu v ČR
Pavlíčková, Tereza
The bachelor thesis describes the relationship between the political business cy-cle and the effective tax rate of individuals in the Czech Republic from 1993 to 2015. The aim of this thesis is to create a model specifying this relationship. The theoretical part describes the approaches to modeling the political business cycle, the current way of taxing income and its development, including social and health insurance contributions. The practical part of the thesis is consisted on an econ-ometric model which is based on calculations of effective tax rates for model tax-payers and date of parliamentary elections. The model describes the relationship between the first differences of effective tax rates and the date of parliamentary elections, which is assessed in terms of possible occurrence of the political-economic cycle.
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Dopady politického cyklu na saldo státního rozpočtu v zemích EU
Ftoreková, Michaela
The aim of the Master thesis is to evaluate how political business cycle affected the balance of state budgets of the EU countries for quarterly data from 1995 to 2015. In the models economic indicators are used GDP per capita, economic growth, unemployment and inflation. Political indicators are term of election and orientation of political party are used to measure the political business cycle. The interdependence between political business cycle and balance of state budgets of EU countries is quantified by panel regression analysis. The discussion part con-sists of two questions. The first question looks into the differences in the political cycle between the old and new EU states. The second question discusses if in the 21th century are more important political determinants of economic cycle than economic determinants. The results indicate that the influence of political business cycle is detected in models for all EU countries and for the new EU countries.Formula clause:Ftoreková, M. The influence of political business cycle on balance of the state budgets of the EU countries. Master thesis. Brno: Mendel University, 2017.
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Analysis of state budget in 1993 - 2014
Soukup, Petr ; Ochrana, František (advisor) ; Vítek, Leoš (referee)
This thesis deals with the analysis of state budget in 1993 to 2014. Firstly the state budget and public expenditures are theoretically defined. Secondly the analysis of state budget expenditures of the Czech Republic at the level of budget chapters, current and capital expenditures is elaborated in the practical part. The comparison of state budget expenditures follows based on the classification COFOG with selected EU members. In the last part of the thesis the political-economic cycle is defined and the analysis in a form of testing hypotheses of basis of literature related to the political-economic cycle is performed. The testing was carried out in Eviews using the autoregressive process. The analysis follows the partial theory of political-economic cycles in the Czech Republic, positive results of the comparison and the growing trend of state budget expenditures of the Czech Republic.
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Comparison of public budgets in various political cycles in Czech republic between years 1993 - 2015
Masařík, Jan ; Zajíček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Maule, Petr (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to examine possible connections between economic results of public budgets, especially the most important part-state budget, and the course of the political cycle in Czech republic between years 1993 and 2015. The theoretical part is based on the Public choice theory, Theory of public finance and Political-business cycle theory. The practital part focuses on analysis of political situation in each political cycle and then on association with public and state budgets revenues and expenditures, their growth rate and the business cycle. Results of the analysis show that deficits of state budget are predominantly structural based. Moreover, a tendency to influence election results through released fiscal policy is also noticeable in some political cycles, which is consistent with the political-business cycle theory.
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Political Business Cycle in Czech municipalities in period 2000 - 2013
Gec, Jaromír ; Rod, Aleš (advisor) ; Chytil, Zdeněk (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with Political Business (budget) Cycle in Czech municipalities. It tries to determine whether elections induce changes in the size and the structure of municipal budget expenditures and whether these changes increase chances of incumbent politicians' reelection. Using a dynamic panel, a fixed effects model and a linear probability model together with the dataset composed of 193 (or 187) municipalities 'of extended scope' in the period 2000 -- 2013 it was found that the biggest increase in capital expenditures takes place in pre-election years while after elections those expenditures decline. Such expansion does not seem to have a meaningful effect on chances of reelection though. Conversely budget deficits fall in pre-election years and grow in election years. Ideology has not been proved to have a significant impact neither on the size of expenditures nor on the magnitude of cyclical changes.
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Political cycles: Do the politics buy their voters' ballots with higher expenditures?
Fischerová, Veronika ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (advisor) ; Procházka, Pavel (referee)
The present thesis is concerned with the existence of political cycles in European Union member states between 1990 and 2013. These cycles are of two types: political business cycles and political budget cycles. The analysis was performed by means of the fixed effects method (using first differences) along with a visual analysis of data. The results obtained from three types of data sets show that two years before elections, inflation grows at 0.47%, unemployment rate at 0.5%, and structural balance at 0.8%. One of the data sets reveals that structural balance is reduced by 0.39% in election years. The visual analysis clearly demonstrates that there exist political business cycles in Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Poland and Sweden. Political budget cycles have been proven to exist in Belgium, France, Cyprus, Malta, Germany, Slovakia and the United Kingdom.
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Political-business cycle in Czech Republic
Němeček, Petr ; Petrášek, František (advisor) ; Pícl, Michal (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on political-business cycle which is a theme frequently omitted in discussions about economic situation in the Czech Republic. Theoretical part of the work will provide readers with the topic of political-business cycle and its basic models which will serve as a support to the statistical research in the analytical part. Is fiscal policy in hands of Czech politicians an efficient tool to manipulate voters? The aim of the work is to answer this question and thus give a detailed look of political-business cycle on example of four regular electoral periods of Czech Parliament. To reach the goal of diploma thesis, we used regressive analysis to examine hypothesis if the date of elections influences certain folders of income and expenses of government budget. This hypothesis was not accepted on the significance level of 5 per cent. The reasons are mainly short time series of tested indicators.
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Accuracy of municipal budgets
Müller, Šimon ; Sedmihradská, Lucie (advisor) ; Bayer, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis deals with the crossing of municipal budgets in 25 municipalities in the years 2000 - 2011. Although budgets are stable, universally binding and reflect the political priorities, there are often crossing. Tested the budget overruns in 5 areas of the budget: Roads, Education, Culture, Physical education and leisure activities and Joint activities in social security and employment policy. It will also be examined whether the budgets overruns reflected the political-economic cycle. Individual calculations serve primarily PivotTable from data obtained from the portal of the Ministry of Finance.
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Trh práce, vláda a jejich vzájemná interakce
Pavlíček, Tomáš ; Ševčík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Adamec, Václav (referee)
Práce popisuje některé souvislosti fungování pracovního a politického trhu.Snaží se najít odpověď na otázku jak vývoj mzdové diferenciace, nezaměstnanosti a působení odborů ovlivní politické prostředí a jeho zpětné působení na pracovní trh. Teoreticky vychází z teorií fungování pracovního trhu a některých závěrů z oblasti teorie veřejné volby. V praktické části práce analyzuje situaci v české Republice. Popisuje souvislost vývoje volebních preferencí s parametry trhu práce a souvislost implementovaných politik s politickým cyklem. Výsledkem je závěr o existenci politicky cyklických efektů na trhu práce během posledních čtyř volebních období.
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