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Procedural pain in children in intensive care
Duchoň, Jan ; Javůrková, Alena (advisor) ; Sedlářová, Petra (referee)
Diploma thesis Proecdural pain in children in intensive care 11 ABSTRACT Background: This diploma thesis deals with the effect of the pharmacological approach of the topical anesthetic EMLA and the non-pharmacological approach of visual distract- ion on self-reported procedural pain and fear during the insertion of a peripheral venous catheter (appr. PVC) in children aged up 2 to 8 years in the intensive care environment. Objectives: The aim of the theoretical part of this thesis was to provide a systematic review of relevant studies that dealt with the effects of pharmacological and non-pharma- cological interventions used in the procedural pain and fear management in children aged up 6 to 18 years during the PVC insertion. The objective of the empirical part of the thesis was to determine whether the use of the topical anesthetic EMLA in children aged up 8 to 18 years undergoing PVC insertion is more effective in reducing procedural pain and fear than visual distraction and whether the level of procedural pain in these children with regard on the provided therapy is influenced by sociodemographic and clinical variables. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in five relevant databases on PRISMA parameters. N = 16 randomized trials were included in the systematic review. In the pros- pective,...
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Problems of dosing during aplication gravity infusion.
PAVLOVÁ, Šárka
This bachelor thesis deals with the issues of gravity infusion dosage. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part, which describes the infusion therapy, techniques of infusion and invasive inputs. Two research goals were set - to map the differences in the incidence of errors in the dosing of gravity infusions in relation to the focus of the field of nursing (surgical and internal medicine) and to find out the specifics of the work of a nurse in the application of gravity infusions. In terms of the first goal, the hypothesis was set: H1: There are differences in the incidence of errors in the dosing of gravity infusions in relation to the focus of the field of nursing (surgical and internal medicine). The second goal is related to two research questions, RQ1: What are the principles of gravity infusion? And RQ2: What are the major problems with gravitational infusions? The research survey of the quantitative part took the form of a questionnaire on the social aspects, with a total of 105 respondents. The results were graphically processed and supplemented with verbal commentary. The hypothesis was verified using a chi-square test. For the H1 hypothesis, the chi-square test result was p = 1.70 %, which was compared with a significance level of 5 %. The result therefore shows that HA is right: There is no difference in the incidence of errors in the area of gravity infusion dosing in the surgical and internal medicine departments. The qualitative part of the research took the form of a non-standardized structured interviews with four nurses working in the internal medicine or surgery department. This part was used to get acquainted with the principles of application of gravity infusions and fundamental problems in the field of infusion therapy. Research has shown that nurses do not have enough information about the possibilities of calculating the rate of gravitational infusion, or do not use it due to its length or complexity. This bachelor thesis can serve as an inspiration for nurses to provide quality nursing care for patients.
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Problematics in Nursing Care of Venous Catheters
CHMELÍČKOVÁ, Anna
The aim of this thesis, Problematics in Nursring Care of Venous Catheters, is to map and create a material for informational and studying purposes in caring of venous catheter. The first goal was to focus on venous catheters. The chosen ones were central venous catheters and peripheral bloodstrem catheters and in both cases were chosen its representatives and were described. More detailed were described nursing care of venous catheters and then single aspects in nursering care of specific catheters. Important to mention is sharing information and new ways of applying venous catheters like Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) and intravenous port, both inserted into central venous and Midline catheter, which is in the group of peripherally inserted ones. The rest of the thesis was focused on the main aim of this paper - Problematics in Nursering Care of Venous Catheters where the first part was concerned with describing the biggest problems, like for instance, catheter infection including infectious flebidities and catheter related bloodsterm infections. These complications were described thoroughly with corresponding impacts for both the patient and health service provider. Catheter infection is a complication which nurses can easily prevent, because the prevention of this problem is to hold up to the standard of barrier nursing care, strict aseptic rules and/or awareness of nursing staff and patients about this problematic. The amount of risk of inserted venous catheters is always present. Therefore, the intend and main focus of this thesis is to take in consideration potential risks and complications while not using the mentioned preventive measures and moreover discussion on the importance of prevention associated with nursing care of venous catheters. Information about venous catheters, their attendance and nursing intravenous catheters were found in academic papers, database PUBMED, academic reviews, Bulletin Ministry of Healthcare, nursing standards, Clinical Practice Guidelines and on website of Association for intravenous ports and permanent catheters.
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Treatment of Peripheral Venous Input
Černohorská, Jitka ; Hošťálková, Monika (advisor) ; Ulrych, Ondřej (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the treatment of peripheral venous catheters. The theoretical part is devoted to basic terms such as nursing care, peripheral venous catheter and complications associated with it. A lot of attention in this thesis is focused on nursing care prior to, during and after the application of the catheter. Furthermore, the thesis introduces us to complications of catheter sepsis resulting from nosocomial infections. In the practical part the quantitative method was used in the form of anonymous questionnaires and hidden observations. The survey was conducted at the Military University Hospital Prague at different intensive care units. The obtained results show that 50,00 % of the respondents use non-woven fabric for re-bandaging the peripheral venous catheter and 50,00 % of the respondents use a foil. Furthermore, it was found that 88,10 % of the respondents use gloves by the application of peripheral venous catheter and 82,14 % by re-bandaging.
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Comparison of the Vascular Access Care in the Intensive Care Unit and Standart Departement
Vašková, Marcela ; Tomanová, Alena (advisor) ; Petrášková, Hana (referee)
Abstaract(thesis) In my thesis, I decided to take the issue of treatment of vascular input in surgical department and surgical intensive care units. This nursing problem can be found practically on every inpatient department and each nurse meets with vascular access dutiny her career. The work is divided into theoretical part and empirical part. The first theoretical part deals with the history of vascular input, a list of basic vascular entries and the educational process. Of the vascular inputs, the work focuses especially on central venous catheter and peripheral venous catheter. The second empirical part focuses on the evaluation of collected data and their statistical analysis. Before the research 4 hypotheses were provided. These hypothesis were confirmed by statistical evaluation of questionnaires. The questionnaires were filled in by sisters from the surgical department and intensive care units. At the end of the thesis is work evaluation. Keywords Vascular access, peripheral venous cannula, central venous cannula, nursing, dressing, asepsis, infections, nurse, patient
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A nursing issue: peripheral venous catheter
TOMÁNKOVÁ NOVÁKOVÁ, Monika
Peripheral venous catheter is used to access the venous system. It is one of the most commonly used invasive procedures in health care facilities. This procedure falls within the competence and daily tasks of nurses. Therefore this type of nursing care is susceptible to risk of proceeding routinely which might result in conscious or unconscious errors. Peripheral venous catheter needs to be introduced into the patient's vein in the following cases: planned parenteral nutrition, infusion or transfusion therapy, application of intravascular medication or contrast media, rehydration, blood sampling (which can be performed immediately after introducing the peripheral venous catheter and before administrating medication) and also during an emergency care for critically ill (such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation). Nurses should be as knowledgeable as possible about this issue so that the peripheral venous catheter can be introduced well and fulfil its purpose. It is important to ensure that nurses obtain all the necessary information about their patients before inserting the catheter and that they are able to properly inform the patients about the procedure and to communicate with them. Next, nurses should be familiar with the correct procedure for inserting catheters, they should be informed about possible contraindications and know how to choose the correct type of catheter as well as where to place it. Furthermore, nurses should care for this vascular access correctly and provide the patient with enough information about taking care of the catheter after the procedure. Finally, nurses should be aware of their own potential errors and also of possible complications. Therefore they should employ aseptic technique so that they can eliminate nosocomial infections. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part focuses on the history of peripheral venous catheters and their types, indications and contraindications, necessary equipment, nursing care, complications, etc. The empirical part consists of a research. The aim of the thesis was to map the use of peripheral venous catheters in hospitals as well as to identify factors that may lead to problems among the patients with peripheral venous catheters. Four research questions were assigned to these aims. 1. What is the procedure prior to inserting a peripheral venous catheter? 2. What are the standards of caring for patients with an inserted peripheral venous catheter? 3. In which steps of caring for peripheral venous catheters do the nurses lack knowledge? What equipment do the nurses prepare in order to insert a peripheral venous catheter? The Bachelor's thesis was conducted using a qualitative research survey. The methods of collecting data included semi-structured interviews and participant observations. The research was carried out only in one hospital ward and it was anonymous. First, the data were collected by means of a semi-structured interview. The nurses were asked 14 questions (see Appendix 8). During this interview, several more subquestions were added. The results of the interviews were then grouped into several categories for the sake of clarity. The second method of collecting data was participant observation. The observed facts were recorded into an observation sheet (see Appendix 9). The same nurses who were interviewed were also observed. This Bachelor's thesis has been written in order to provide a basic overview of the peripheral venous catheters. It could be used as an information source for more experienced as well as novice nurses. The practical output of this Bachelor's thesis is a nursing care standard concerning peripheral venous catheters. This standard was missing in the hospital ward and could help the nurses to take care of these vascular accesses, to proceed correctly and eliminate possible errors (see Appendix10).
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