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Posuny v turecké zahraniční politice v éře R. T. Erdoğana a její dopady na vztahy s USA a Izraelem
Ikizgül, Varol
My bachelor's thesis deals with the shape and development of Turkish-American and Turkish-Israeli foreign relations, especially in the era of R. T. Erdoğan. The aim of the thesis is to answer the question of how Turkey's foreign policy has changed after the accession of R. T. Erdoğan and how significantly these changes have affected the gradual development of foreign relations with the United States and Israel. Turkish, Israeli, and American interests, particularly in the Middle East, often overlap, which is why their foreign relations are very dynamic. The thesis points out that although Turkey remains one of the United States' main partners in NATO, Erdoğan's foreign policy has repeatedly come into conflict with the foreign policies of the Biden administration, the Trump administration, or the Obama administration before that. In particular, I see the Kurdish issue, or the issue of acquiring military technology outside NATO structures, as a fundamental core of the conflicts. Also central to the strengthening of Russia and Iran's positions of power is the position of Israel, which is an important strategic ally of both the United States and Turkey. Despite the fact that Turkish-Israeli relations have been in very good shape most of the time, the Gaza Strip was, especially in the first half of the 2010s, a bone of contention between the two countries.
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Relations of the Turkish Justice and Development Party with the Iraqi Kurdistan Regional Government and the Syrian Democratic Union Party between 2011 and 2014
Gümplová, Anna ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
This thesis compares relations between the Turkish ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) the Syrian Democratic Union Party (PYD) and the Iraqi Kurdish Regional Government (KRG) between 2011 and 2014 on the background of its Kurdish minority policy and approach to the Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK). Since AKP came to power the governmental approach towards so called "Kurdish question" have changed and it started to be more open to negotiations with the PKK. However, there were major changes in the AKP's stance on the "Kurdish question" during the peace processes with the PKK. In 2011 the AKP established closer, especially economic, relations with the KRG. This profitable partnership included a cooperation regarding the approach towards the PKK. In 2014 problems arose when Turkey almost did not help KRG militarily in its fights against ISIS. Turkey's approach towards the PYD was from its conception hostile, which has even worsened after the launch of the Syrian civil war, because PYD was getting stronger politically and militarily. The thesis describes different approaches of the AKP towards KRG and PYD and substantiates it on the background of the issue of the Kurdish question.
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Kurdish Municipalities in Turkey (1999-2013)
Yaralı, Mustafa Serkan ; Klusáková, Luďa (advisor) ; Ozouf Marignier, Marie Vic (referee) ; Bozarslan, Hamit (referee)
KURDISH MUNICIPALITIES IN TURKEY (1999-2013) Case Study of Sur Municipality Abstract This Master's thesis focuses on the institutionalization of the Kurdish movement through municipalities in the Kurdish region from the late 90s. The framework is a Kurdish municipality, Sur, in the city of Diyarbakır, where the Kurdish movement is well organized. My argument is by taking part in the legal political system, Kurdish activists accessed resources that allowed them to expand their repertoire of contention and to create a counter-power through institutions. Becoming a institutional power gives Kurdish activists the opportunity to impose thein standards and practices. However, having become a norm-making powers, Kurdish municipalities' pathes cross those of other normalizing powers. Beginning with the study of the Kurdish population and identity in Turkey, this master's thesis analyzes the state-society relations in the Kurdish region of Turkey. Afterwards, in the framework of our case study, the thesis then identifies the change of Kurdish movement through the Sur municipality and the new Kurdish institutions emerging in the Kurdish region. Finally, it studies the process of standardization / normalization of the counterpower. In conclusion, bearing in mind that the municipalities are not the only entity...
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From revolutionary armed forces to revolutionary regimes, empirical analysis of the transformation
Cuby, Alexandre ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Aslan, Emil (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the role that political ideologies plays in determining the target of insurgency movements. In order to understand how these groups operate, I use Janowitz's military establishment to apply it on the three main revolutionary ideologies of the 20th century, Khomeinism, Marxism/Leninism and Fanonian. Based on these analyses, I hypothesize the three main targets by ideology based on the clarity of the indoctrination and on the level of bureaucracy entailed in the revolutionary texts. I then proceed to compare these theories to three case studies, the Hezbollah, the FARC and finally the PKK. I try to offer an explanation on why religious insurgencies target most of their attacks towards rival factions or why nationalist left-wing groups are mostly focused on attacking security forces. I argue that a well-structured hierarchy, a reliance on the civil society and a clear definition of the political and military targets are quintessential to prevent civilian causalities. But contrarily to most papers on the topic, I find that a strict military discipline has the reversed result that expected. For instance, the FARC and the PKK have such a strict internal code of discipline that it led the members to desert the organizations by thousands and have civilians as...
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Relations of the Turkish Justice and Development Party with the Iraqi Kurdistan Regional Government and the Syrian Democratic Union Party between 2011 and 2014
Gümplová, Anna ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
This thesis compares relations between the Turkish ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) the Syrian Democratic Union Party (PYD) and the Iraqi Kurdish Regional Government (KRG) between 2011 and 2014 on the background of its Kurdish minority policy and approach to the Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK). Since AKP came to power the governmental approach towards so called "Kurdish question" have changed and it started to be more open to negotiations with the PKK. However, there were major changes in the AKP's stance on the "Kurdish question" during the peace processes with the PKK. In 2011 the AKP established closer, especially economic, relations with the KRG. This profitable partnership included a cooperation regarding the approach towards the PKK. In 2014 problems arose when Turkey almost did not help KRG militarily in its fights against ISIS. Turkey's approach towards the PYD was from its conception hostile, which has even worsened after the launch of the Syrian civil war, because PYD was getting stronger politically and militarily. The thesis describes different approaches of the AKP towards KRG and PYD and substantiates it on the background of the issue of the Kurdish question.
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Kurdové na území Turecka a jejich problém rozvoje díky absenci vlastního státu
Mikulenková, Veronika
This bachelor thesis deals with the problem of development of the Kurdish population in Turkey. Using literary research the author summarizes the events from 1923 which led to today's status of the Kurds in Turkey, and different views of the Kurds and Turkey on the Kurdish identity. The main focus is on the political system that has a significant impact on the Kurdish activity and engagement One of the problems of Kurdish involvement in political activity is the Kurdistan Workers' Party, which runs a constant fighting with the Turkish army. The work also describes development of Kurdish political parties and their success to get into the Turkish parliament. For analyses of this development the work examines elections since 2007 where it is concentrated on the main targets, election campaigns of the various political parties and their success in elections.
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The role of Turkish Kurds in the fight against ISIL
Růžičková, Kristýna ; Eichler, Jan (advisor) ; Dubský, Zbyněk (referee)
The Kurds are considered to be the largest nation without their own state. In Turkey, the Kurdistan Worker's Party (PKK), considered to be a terrorist organization, has been struggling for Kurdish self-determination for over 30 years. However, the PKK changed its demands and mainly its tactics - it has begun to attempt a political solution to the Kurdish issue. With the onset of a global threat in the form of the so-called Islamic State (ISIL), the PKK began to engage in the fight against it. Its role in this struggle is the main theme of the thesis. The aim of this work is to analyze the role of the PKK in the fight against ISIL on the basis of the characteristics of terrorism, the development of the Kurdish question in Turkey, and the threat posed by ISIL. The thesis concludes that the PKK has a very significant role in this fight, not only because of its experience in fighting the Turkish government. Thanks to its contribution, the PKK also aspires to be removed from the US and European list of terrorist organizations.
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Kurdish Municipalities in Turkey (1999-2013)
Yaralı, Mustafa Serkan ; Klusáková, Luďa (advisor) ; Ozouf Marignier, Marie Vic (referee) ; Bozarslan, Hamit (referee)
KURDISH MUNICIPALITIES IN TURKEY (1999-2013) Case Study of Sur Municipality Abstract This Master's thesis focuses on the institutionalization of the Kurdish movement through municipalities in the Kurdish region from the late 90s. The framework is a Kurdish municipality, Sur, in the city of Diyarbakır, where the Kurdish movement is well organized. My argument is by taking part in the legal political system, Kurdish activists accessed resources that allowed them to expand their repertoire of contention and to create a counter-power through institutions. Becoming a institutional power gives Kurdish activists the opportunity to impose thein standards and practices. However, having become a norm-making powers, Kurdish municipalities' pathes cross those of other normalizing powers. Beginning with the study of the Kurdish population and identity in Turkey, this master's thesis analyzes the state-society relations in the Kurdish region of Turkey. Afterwards, in the framework of our case study, the thesis then identifies the change of Kurdish movement through the Sur municipality and the new Kurdish institutions emerging in the Kurdish region. Finally, it studies the process of standardization / normalization of the counterpower. In conclusion, bearing in mind that the municipalities are not the only entity...
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The Kurdish problem in Turkey and its possible solution
Škrobáková, Irena ; Prorok, Vladimír (advisor) ; Lisa, Aleš (referee)
The Kurdish question is a very delicate issue on the grounds of the Turkish Republic. The Turkish government has been refusing to recognize the Kurdish minority for decades and through repressive policies and forced assimilation has been trying to marginalize any expressions of Kurdish identity. Bachelor thesis in first chapter deals with the theoretical definition of nation, nationalism and the subsequent characterization of the Kurds as the largest nation without its own state. The second chapter charts the evolution of Kurdish nationalism and the emergence of the terrorist organization PKK, which has influenced the perception of the problem significantly. The third and final part of the thesis analyzes the possible influence of the European Union on the Kurdish question and the dimension in which this problem is reflected. The paper is designed to answer the question if exists a real possibility of creating a Kurdish state in the territory of the Republic of Turkey.
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