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Experimental analysis focused on the effect of chloride salt on neutron flux with different energy levels
Slančík, Tomáš ; Števanka, Kamil (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
Master’s thesis focuses on the history and current progress in research of molten salt reactors around the world, with an emphasis placed on the properties of molten salts and the problems associated with their use. In relation to the practical part, one chapter is devoted to the creation of input file in the MCNP software. The practical part deals with neutron activation analysis of graphite prism experiment, which is filled with powder NaCl salt. This experiment is focused on the effect of salt on neutron flux with different energy levels. The whole problem was also simulated in the MCNP environment along with the experiment. At the end of the thesis, the individual methods are compared and evaluated.
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Native Code Web Browser Extensions
Vítek, Vojtěch ; Očenášek, Pavel (referee) ; Burget, Radek (advisor)
Nowadays, web applications and browsers are undergoing rapid development - we can say that the progress of Internet technologies is unstoppable phenomenon of the last decade. The need for the best-possible CPU performance in web applications to achieve a smooth user experience is enormous - besides the continuous improvements of existing technologies, we can see several new technologies arising every year. This thesis deals with development of native code web browser extensions whose primary purpose is to use maximum CPU performance as well as efforts to improve the user experience when viewing web pages.
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Study of properties of electrolytically modified NaCl solutions.
Brázda, Lukáš ; Mika, Otakar Jiří (referee) ; Mašek, Ivan (advisor)
This work concentrates on the study of properties of NaCl solutions, prepared by electrolysis and their using for disinfection of water. Then it is focused on reporting on possibality for corrosin of metals, whice are used in water distribution. For study was used 0,25 mol/l, 0,1 mol/l, 0,05 mol/l NaCl solutions and input direct-current voltage for electrolysis was 6V a 12 V. During the electrolysis pH and conducitivity were measured. After the end of electrolysis free active chlorine and chlorides were determined on the time. For electrolysis was used diaphragm.
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Study of reversible adsorption of nucleid acids on magnetic carriers
Šálek, Petr ; Ing.Daniel Horák, CSc. (referee) ; Rittich, Bohuslav (advisor)
Reversible adsorption of nucleid acids on magnetic carriers was studied in this diploma thesis. Magnetic P(HEMA-co-GMA) microspheres and magnetic glass particles were used. The aim of the study was to isolate DNA in suitable quality for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Adsorption of DNA on magnetic carriers was achieved after DNA condensation by PEG and NaCl in separation mixture. PEGs of various molecular weight (600 and 6000 g/mol) and different concentrations of PEG in separation mixture (4, 8, 12, 16%) were used. Quantity of eluted DNA incerased with molecular weight and concentration of PEG in separation mixtures. Optimized experimental conditions were applied for the separation of DNA from chicken erythrocytes, purified DNA, DNA in crude lysates of bacterial cells of Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei CCDM 211/06 and from real samples (liquid dairy products, hard cheese). The presence of target DNA in eluates was tested using genus specific PCR (genus Lactobacillus) or species specific PCR (species Bifidobacterium longum) Aqueous two-phase system (liquid-liquid) was used for separation of DNA from real symplex, too. At first the condiotions aqueous two-phase systém creation were studied. It was created by 16% PEG of various molecular weight (600, 6000 g/mol) and by various concentration of ammonium sulphate. Reversible DNA adsorption on carboxyl group-containing magnetic nonporous P(HEMA-co-EDMA) microspheres for the isolation PCR-ready DNA from liquid dairy products containing PCR inhibitors was studied, too. The quality of isolated DNA was checked by PCR amplification.The presumption on the elimination of PCR inhibitors from DNA samples was confirmed.
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Effect of changing ionic strength on the properties of catanionic vesicles from HTMA-DS
Filipová, Lenka ; Klučáková, Martina (referee) ; Mravec, Filip (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on evaluating the influence of ionic strength on catanionic vesicules made of ion pair amphiphile (IPA) in the form of HTMA-DS (hexadecyltrimethylammonium-dodecyl sulphate). Catanionic vesicles were stabilized by the addition of cationic surfactant dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride (DODAC) and cholesterol. The ionic strength was attained by adding CaCl2 and Na2SO4 salts in the concentrations 0–300 mM. The changes influenced by ionic strength were studied by dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering (DLS and ELS), fluorescence anisotropy, generalized polarization (GP), pH measurement, and visual observation. During this experiment, the temperature was set both constant and altering in time. The measurement was performed shortly after adding salts to the catanionic vesicles and in-time measurement was performed as well. This thesis follows a bachelor thesis, where the influence of NaCl on the same type of catanionic vesicles in the same range of ionic strength was studied. The CaCl2 and Na2SO4 influences were then compared to the NaCl according to Hofmeister series. By the DLS and ELS method it was found that the size of vesicles with added CaCl2 and Na2SO4 was decreasing at first and then increasing whereas the -potential was exponentially decreasing with increasing ionic strength. The vesicle size, when the ionic strength was applied, was increasing in time while -potential was almost constant in time. The addition of both salts caused slight dehydration of the external part of the membrane which was examined by the fluorescent probe Laurdan (6-dodecanoyl-2-dimethylamino-naphthalene) and generalized polarization. By fluorescence anisotropy with the probe DPH (1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene), it was detected that both salts caused an increase of the fluidity of an inner part of a membrane. By both of the fluorescent techniques, it was confirmed that the increase in temperature caused a phase transition of the membrane from the solid ordered through the liquid ordered phase to the liquid disordered phase. The pH values also did not show any change with the addition of salts. When comparing the salts’ influence (CaCl2 and Na2SO4 versus NaCl) on catanionic vesicles it was found that in most cases NaCl influenced the observed properties the most. The addition of NaCl caused the largest increase in vesicle size, highest -potential values, initial dehydration of the external part of the membrane, and increased fluidity of the inner part of the membrane at I > 15 mM. These results are in agreement with the Hofmeister series. Based on the visual observation, the samples with ionic strength of more than 150 mM for CaCl2 and 75 mM for Na2SO4 were said to be unstable. This fact is in agreement with the result of ELS. The rest of the samples did not show any visual changes in time (28 days). Additionally, the influence of PBS buffer on catanionic vesicles at the same ionic strength values was studied. PBS buffer simulates the ionic environment of living organisms. Its' influence was characterized by the same methods under the same conditions as mentioned above. The effect of PBS on catanionic vesicles displayed almost the same behaviour in the observed properties. During this experiment, it was also found that the PBS influence on the studied properties was more significant than the influence of CaCl2, Na2SO4, and NaCl salts. Influence of PBS was most similar to the effect of NaCl on catanionic vesicles.
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Salt intake by patients with primary hyperaldosteronism
Sahatciu, Mrika ; Petrák, Ondřej (advisor) ; Krátká, Zuzana (referee)
1 Abstract My bachelor's thesis focuses on the intake of table salt and other dietary approaches and habits in patients with primary aldosteronism, an extreme form of salt-sensitive hypertension. The theoretical part deals with the definition of the term and risk factors associated with primary aldosteronism, summarizes the diagnosis and treatment procedures especially dietary measures which are very important in the treatment. The practical part was based and developed using an anonymous questionnaire form. The questionnaire consisted of 66 questions ranging from sociodemographic to awareness, education, dietary habits and dietary preferences in relation to salt intake. The purpose of this study was thereby to determine the dietary habits and sodium chloride intake of patients with primary aldosteronism. The total number of patients who were approached was 15, mostly males which were 11 and females were 4. The diet was fairly regular, but with more than half prioritizing lunch and dinner rather than breakfast. When they had a higher intake of cold cuts, salty bars, chips compared to fruit and vegetables. Most of the patients were educated about salt restriction diet and diet in hypertension due to the characteristics of the cohort, but few of them actually follow it. And there were no efforts to limit salt...
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NaCl intake in the diet of patients with severe arterial hypertension
Křišťálová, Kateřina ; Petrák, Ondřej (advisor) ; Štrauch, Branislav (referee)
Arterial hypertension is a serious cardiovascular disease which has developed at around 2.5 million people in the Czech Republic. It is a civilization disease with progressive occurrence among the population of the Czech Republic. This bachelor thesis deals with the diet of the patients with the arterial hypertension with focus to the intake of the cooking salt in the food. Excessive amount of the cooking salt in the food is believed to be one of the main risk factors for the development of the arterial hypertension. The aim of this thesis is an evaluation of the particular dietary habits from the point of the nutritional therapy. Theoretical part of the thesis describes arterial hypertension its causes classification epidemiology diagnostics and last but not least its treatment. Practical part of the thesis is based on the anonymous questionnaire. Questionnaire is focused on the questions concerning basic demographic characteristics in the clinical treatment of hypertension and on the questions concerning non-pharmacological treatment i.e. nutrition (with focus on the cooking salt) and physical activity. The aim is to find out the quality of arterial hypertension patients' diet, their awareness of the proper diet, their adherence to the proper diet, whether patients avoid salty and improper food and their...
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Vliv chloridu sodného na sekundární metabolity u jednobuněčné řasy Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Tarbajová, Vladimíra
This thesis studies the effects of various concentrations of sodium chloride on growth and the content of secondary metabolites in the freshwater microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The total content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and total antioxidant capacity was analyzed by spectrophotometry. In the context of growth, also the content of photosynthetic pigments was determined. Further, the amount of selected metabolites was determined by HPLC/MS-MS. Cultivation of microalgae with increased NaCl inhibited cell growth and production of photosynthetic pigments. Conversely, higher levels of NaCl have proven to stimulate the synthesis of complete phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Similarly, the amount of phenolic acids was significantly influenced by the effect of increasing NaCl concentration, while the total antioxidant capacity of the microalgae also increased. These results confirm the involvement of phenolic compounds in the defense mechanism of unicellular algae Ch. reinhardtii against the observed stress factor.
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Comparison of salinity tolerance of selected hemp genotypes grown in vitro
Janošťáková, Barbora
Salinity stress is a threat for present population, but most importantly for future generations. Salinization of soil is a current issue, which should not be underestimated. Most of the usual crops are not physiologically adapted to survive in saline soil, which means reduced yields of edible plants. As the population grows and the harvest decreases, it is becoming clear that the ratio is getting imbalanced and there is a serious threat of food shortage. This thesis aims to assess and follow the negative effects of NaCl on hemp plants which have been cultivated in vitro. The impact of NaCl was monitored and recorded. The results were shown in graphs, which helped to evaluate more clearly the effect of NaCl on hemp plants. NaCl affected morphology and specific physiological parameters of Beniko and Fibrol hemp breed. The results clearly show the influence of increasing NaCl concentration on plants including changes at the cellular level.
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The influence of salt on health and salt consumption in the Czech Republic
Malinová, Pavlína ; Dostálová, Jana (advisor) ; Chrpová, Diana (referee)
The salt intake in the Czech Republic is almost three times higher than the daily recommended amount. The excessive consumption of salt has impacts on health and wellbeing in many ways. It causes or affects the course of several illnesses, including arterial hypertension, osteoporosis, asthma bronchiale, kidney diseases, gastric cancer, obesity or oedema. The theoretical part of this dissertation describes the mechanisms by which the salt acts on the body and the relationships between the diseases listed above and the salt intake. The aim of this paper is to explore the eating habits around salt intake amongst the healthcare professionals. Furthermore, it investigates the understanding and interest in this matter amongst this group of people. Anonymised questionnaires were the chosen research method for this paper. The questionnaire, comprising of 17 questions, was sent to 12 different instituts and clinics at a hospital in Prague. In total, 174 healthcare professionals took part in this research. The results showed that the participants took interest in ingredients and nutritional value of their food, however, only a minority paid attention to the salt content. One of the most consumed types of food with a high content of salt are: white cheese, blue cheese, salami and smoked meats. Though savoury...
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