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Refuse Derived Fuel
Exnerová, Anežka ; Kalivodová, Markéta (referee) ; Lachman, Jakub (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with the Waste-to-Energy topic focusing on refuse derived fuels. The aim of the first part is to describe what refuse derived fuels are, what are their properties and composition. From this point of view, we determine a comparison with municipal solid waste. Second part is about production process. Possible parameters of refuse derived fuels and the technological process of mechanical-biological treatment are presented here. Following part is focused on fuel combustion. This chapter lists combustion plants and emissions from the incineration of waste and refuse derived fuel.
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Effective methods for mechanical treatment of waste
Harnová, Veronika ; Putna, Ondřej (referee) ; Kropáč, Jiří (advisor)
The aim of the Bachelor's thesis is the description and technical-economic evaluation of Czech municipal waste management and sorting lines operation. The main part of the thesis consists of a description of choices of automatic sorting systems in sorting lines operation. The most important part is the analysis of alternative municipal waste collection containers with respect to different settings of manual or automatic sorting lines.
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Life cycle assessment of municipal waste
Vlach, Josef ; Slavík, Jan (referee) ; Jícha, Jaroslav (advisor)
The aim of this study is to present methodology life cycle (LCA) and Life Cycle Assessment of disposal the municipal solid waste chain. There is described the procedure of generation of the LCA studies according to the standards ČSN EN ISO 14 040 and ČSN EN ISO 14 044 in the first and second part. In the third part of this diploma there are described LCA analyses that have already been created. The software GEMIS (Global Emission Model for Integrated System) is described in the fourth part. The computer model GEMIS has been used as a calculation tool in this study. The fifth part of this study includes waste management and different kinds of disposal municipal solid waste. In this part is describe basic data about landfilling and incieration. There is shown LCA analysis of disposal municipial solid waste in the sixth part. Data processing was carried out by means of the software GEMIS 4.3. The results were interpreted for incineration and landfilling. Finally there is mentioned results for 1 TJ different elektrical energize to.
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Analysis of municipal solid waste in practice
Wildová, Kristýna ; Smejkalová, Veronika (referee) ; Gregor, Jiří (advisor)
The main purpose of the submitted diploma thesis is detailed research of studies and methodologies that deal with the analysis of the municipal waste composition, with focus on residual solid waste and transfer of acquired knowledge into practise. The research is focused on key parameters and procedures of studies and methodologies that took place in the Czech Republic, and also abroad. The identified information and procedures are properly summarized and evaluated. The theoretical findings were applied in the analysis of the municipal solid waste composition in a field work. The thesis is also focused on the practical feasibility of MSW analysis and related tasks. The data obtained during field work analysis of MSW are evaluated at the end of the thesis.
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Heavy Metals Transfer during Waste Incineration
Karásek, René ; Noskievič, Pavel (referee) ; Kabát, Viktor (referee) ; Skála, Zdeněk (advisor)
The municipal solid waste (MSW) is a heterogeneous material that consists mainly of organic and mineral substances, metals and water. After thermal treatment this waste redistributes into individual incineration products. This also holds for the metals contained in the waste. This thesis deals with the behaviour of heavy metals and their compounds during the incineration process. Determining the percentage content of heavy metals from the waste entering the process of thermal utilization is practically impossible. The principal aim is to determine the amount of each heavy metal in the MSW from the incineration products. The opening sections of the thesis deal with waste, options of incineration, flue gas cleaning processes and also with the problems of the heavy metals in the environment. The next section introduces recent developments, what possibilities there are for determining the heavy metals in the waste and methods of data evaluation. The experimental part of the thesis introduces of a four-day measuring process that was conducted at the MSW incineration plant SAKO, Inc. The samples of the individual products of incineration were taken and after the laboratory analysis the results for the selected heavy metals were processed. The results include statistical data analysis.
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Municipal waste composition and origin analysis for potential improvements
Kučera, David ; Kropáč, Jiří (referee) ; Nevrlý, Vlastimír (advisor)
The Bachelor’s thesis concerns analysis of composition and production of waste in households. It also introduces legal system regarding Czech municipal waste management and means of waste processing. Another part of the thesis consists of case study, which explains used methodology and describes collected data of selected waste types. The collected data on municipal waste production in Czech households are processed in MS Excel. The results of the statistical methods used for analysis show differences in production of individual municipal waste components in different types of households. The results also estimate the potential of municipal waste sorting.
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Effective proposal and operation of sorting line as an element in waste management
Guštara, Dominik ; Kropáč, Jiří (referee) ; Gregor, Jiří (advisor)
The hereby presented master’s thesis deals with municipal solid waste separation. The introductory chapters describe current state of handling of selected recyclables and the technologies of their collection. The following chapter is a description of a waste sorting line technology, since this facility’s function is to upgrade the recyclables to secondary materials. The first step of practical part of this thesis was creation of a technical-economic model of the sorting line designed to process plastic and paper waste, therefore the following chapter is dedicated to its description and presentation. Subsequently, the outputs of the model are evaluated for three settings of its input variables, which represent the three imagined scenarios of the modeled sorting line’s operation. Sensitivity analyses focused on selected input variables of this model were also performed. A separate chapter is dedicated to changes in the model outputs in the case of including the waste transportation prices to the selected scenario. At the end of the thesis, the influence of increased material separation of plastic waste on the lower heating value of residual mixed municipal solid waste is evaluated.
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Landfill Sites and Landfill Gas Risks
Klímová, Zdeňka ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Valášek, Rudolf (advisor)
This work is focused on landfills and landfill gas that is created by decomposition of organic substances. Municipal waste, its origin, properties, practical use and risks related to landfill gas are discussed. At the end of the theoretical section the limits of explosiveness are specified. The practical section deals with the most important properties of methane and carbon dioxide. A photograph of a landfill site, located in Brno – Černovice, is included in the final section.
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ADVANCED REGRESSION MODELS
Rosecký, Martin ; Popela, Pavel (referee) ; Bednář, Josef (advisor)
This thesis summarizes latest findings about municipal solid waste (MSW) modelling. These are used to solve multivariable version of inverse prediction problem. It is not possible to solve such problem analytically, so heuristic framework using regression models and data reconciliation was developed. As a side product, models for MSW modelling using PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and LM (Linear Model) were created. These were compared with heuristic model called RF (Random Forest). Both of these models were also used for per capita MSW modelling. Theoretical parts about generalized linear models, data reconciliation and nonlinear programming are also included.
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Waste composition analysis as a support mechanism for circular economics
Halamíček, Samuel ; Varbanov, Petar Sabev (referee) ; Fan, Yee Van (advisor)
Předkládaná diplomová práce se zaměřuje na využití analýzy složení odpadu k usnadnění přechodu lineárního odpadového hospodářství na oběhové hospodářství. První část práce se zabývá úvodem do tématu odpadového a oběhového hospodářství, po kterém následuje seznámení s technikami a nástroji pro provádění analýzy složení odpadu. Druhá část práce představuje detailní analýzu, která identifikuje složení odpadu na první a třetí úrovni se zaměřením na komunální odpad. Složení odpadu vychází z certifikované metodiky, která vznikla v rámci projektu TIRSMZP719. Správa a analýza dat byla prováděna především za pomocí programovacího jazyka Visual Basic for Application (VBA). Výsledky analýzy složení odpadů jsou znázorněny pomocí grafů, které umožňují identifikovat možné trendy a rozdíly v toku odpadů v rámci zkoumaného období, území či jiného parametru. Použitelnost nástroje při navrhování vhodných způsobů úpravy a využití odpadů na základě zjištěného složení je prezentováno na případové studii města Brna. Z analýzy vyplývá, že největší podíl (23,17 %) směsného komunálního odpadu tvoří bioodpad, přičemž jako hlavní složka bioodpadu byla identifikována složka potravinových odpadů. Toto zjištění navrhuje vysokou proveditelnost a potenciál pro výrobu bioplynu. V této práci je rovněž navrženo řešení zpracování odpadu i pro ostatní složky směsného komunálního odpadu. Takové zhodnocení je klíčové a mohlo by vést k potenciálnímu snížení množství směsného komunálního odpadu až o 40 %. Toto zjištění je velmi důležité, protože celková navržená koncepce dokáže odpovědět právě na separační potenciál, který je navázán na stanovené cíle či jiné závazky související s cíli Plánu odpadového hospodářství ČR. Navržené posouzení akcentuje navržené cíle a ukazuje potenciál pro jejich splnění.
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