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The Postmodernism as a Mistrust of the Metanarrative
Kolář, Matěj ; Zicha, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
This thesis is concerned with the postmodern era, mainly from the viewpoint of postmodern philosophy. It includes the thoughts of Jean Francoise Lyotard, who is considered to be the founder of modern philosophy, about the mistrust of the contemporary society of metanarrative. The thesis also focuses on the ongoing discussion of whether the use of the word "postmodernism" is legitimate and what the concept even means in general. That is the reason why a significant part of this thesis elaborates on the genealogy of the word, focusing on the role of art, which attempts to explain the main principles of the world that we live in. Lyotard's omnipresent motif of mistrust of metanarrative has become so significant as to appear regularly in the works of today's philosophers and sociologists. Therefore, this thesis looks at the continuation of such a motif. The last part of the thesis introduces the Czech perception of the postmodern, again incorporating the theme of mistrust of metanarrative or, in other words, great stories. This thesis aims to analyze texts written by two global authors (W. Welsch, Z. Bauman) and two Czech authors (V. Bělohradský, M. Hauser) in order to observe the continuation of Lyotard's thesis. The analysis will allow the reader to grasp the current era as a postmodern one. KEYWORDS...
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Persuasion and Signs: Semiotics and Rhetoric as Complementary Disciplines
Švantner, Martin ; Marcelli, Miroslav (advisor) ; Višňovský, Emil (referee) ; Šíp, Radim (referee)
Persuasion and Signs: Semiotics and Rhetoric as Complementary Disciplines The hypothesis we consider in this dissertation is that of complementarity of semiotics and rhetorics, both in symstematical and historical context. The first part deals with the late modern interpretation of the history of rhetorics, sophistry and sophistical rhetoric (showing why i tis necessary to discriminate between these terms). This is illustrated by the discussion about pragmatics and interpretation of ancient rhetoric in the anglo-saxon philosophy of the late 20th century. Topic of persuasion is considered as the main point of investigation for its being common both to rhetoric and semiotics. This is elaborated in the second part of thesis, which concentrates on the analysis of Ch. S. Peirce's late work, especially his classification of signs, semiotics as pure rhetoric, with emphasis on his concept of pragmatism. The pragmatism is the point where semiotics and rhetoric coincide. In the conclusion it is find out, that semiotics and rhetoric are complementary disciplines, at least for their specific account of the notion of sign and persuasion. Keywords Rhetoric, rhetoric, semiotics, semeiotic, sophistry, Lyotard, Vitanza, Nietzsche, Peirce, Deleuze.
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Auschwitz Theme in Philosophy and Ethics
Biňovcová, Lucie ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Pelcová, Naděžda (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the Auschwitz theme in philosophy and ethics. The first part of the thesis aims to describe the development of the humanistic tradition in Europe as well as individual types of humanism, their basis and their difficulties. The main focus of the diploma thesis is on the philosophy of Emmanuel Lévinas and Jean-François Lyotard. Furthermore, the hypothesis, according to which traditional humanism resulted in the events of Holocaust, is derived from their thoughts. The aim of the study is to prove or disprove this hypothesis. In addition to the analysis of both Lévinas and Lyotard's theories, it also addresses the studies of other philosophers whose philosophical thinking is related to the issue of Holocaust. Their thoughts and concepts are compared and confronted with the theories of the main critics of the concept of humanism, Lévinas and Lyotard. Key words: Auschwitz, Holocaust, Nazism, Humanism, Lévinas, Lyotard
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Persuasion and Signs: Semiotics and Rhetoric as Complementary Disciplines
Švantner, Martin ; Marcelli, Miroslav (advisor) ; Višňovský, Emil (referee) ; Šíp, Radim (referee)
Persuasion and Signs: Semiotics and Rhetoric as Complementary Disciplines The hypothesis we consider in this dissertation is that of complementarity of semiotics and rhetorics, both in symstematical and historical context. The first part deals with the late modern interpretation of the history of rhetorics, sophistry and sophistical rhetoric (showing why i tis necessary to discriminate between these terms). This is illustrated by the discussion about pragmatics and interpretation of ancient rhetoric in the anglo-saxon philosophy of the late 20th century. Topic of persuasion is considered as the main point of investigation for its being common both to rhetoric and semiotics. This is elaborated in the second part of thesis, which concentrates on the analysis of Ch. S. Peirce's late work, especially his classification of signs, semiotics as pure rhetoric, with emphasis on his concept of pragmatism. The pragmatism is the point where semiotics and rhetoric coincide. In the conclusion it is find out, that semiotics and rhetoric are complementary disciplines, at least for their specific account of the notion of sign and persuasion. Keywords Rhetoric, rhetoric, semiotics, semeiotic, sophistry, Lyotard, Vitanza, Nietzsche, Peirce, Deleuze.
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