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Caffeine use in patients with eating disorders
Hofmannová, Zuzana ; Dostálová, Veronika (advisor) ; Minařík, Petr (referee)
Background: Caffeine is a commonly used stimulant that is not dangerous in normal doses in healthy individuals. Patients with eating disorders tend to overuse caffeine and excessive intake may increase the risk of both somatic and mental health complications. Aims: The main aim of this thesis was to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on the sources and effects of caffeine and to analyse specific aspects of caffeine use in the psychiatric population with eating disorders. The thesis focuses primarily on the motivation for use in different eating disorders and the impact on physical and mental health. The second aim was to discuss the possible clinical relevance of the topic and to propose a specific tool for health professionals to screen for caffeine use and the implications of this issue in the treatment of this specific group Methods: The thesis is theoretical in the form of a search of the current state of literature and research from academic sources. Based on the information obtained, a questionnaire was designed to assess caffeine consumption and reasons for its use in patients with eating disorders. Results: An analysis of the literature shows that psychiatric patients often abuse caffeine products, and for those with eating disorders, the main reason for use is to suppress...
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Determination of active substances and possible degradation products in a historical sample of Algena from 1981
Bauerová, Markéta ; Nesměrák, Karel (advisor) ; Kozlík, Petr (referee)
The Algena tablet was an over-the-counter drug in the second half of the twentieth century in Czechoslovakia. Algena was mainly used against pain. The tablet contains four active substances: aminophenazone, aprobarbital, phenacetin, and caffeine. The aim of this thesis was to analyse the active substances in the Algena tablet from 1981,determinate theircontent,and possible degradation products.To complete these goals the RP-HPLC method with UV detection had to be involved and optimized.HPLC-MS was used to detect possible degradation products. Separation was performed on the XBridge® BEH C18 column (150×3.0 mm; 2.5 µm), binary elution was used. The first component of the mobile phase was0.1% aqueous solution of acetic acid and the second component was methanol. The determined contents of active substances (decelerated by the manufacturer) were: amino- phenazone 97.0%,aprobarbital89.2%, phenacetin 96.0% and caffeine 93.2%.Degradation products of the active substances were not detected by HPLC with MS detection. Key words: Algena, aminophenazone, aprobarbital, caffeine, degradation, phenacetin, RP-HPLC
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The effect of the circadian rhythm on the work of a paramedic
ŠEDIVÝ, Martin
The topic of the bachelor's thesis is "The effect of the circadian rhythm on the work of a paramedic". Most rescuers may not even realize the great sacrifice they make by performing this demanding profession. This is a very respectable job, which is burdened with a huge amount of stress and a demanding work schedule. The combination of these two unfavorable factors may have a negative impact on the health of rescuers over a longer period of time. The theoretical part deals with the explanation of the term circadian rhythm, sleep and its structure, nutrition, physical activities, blue light, caffeine, health complications that are the result of a disturbed circadian rhythm and the effect of circadian rhythmicity on work efficiency. The research part was implemented using semi-structured interviews, and 12 informants who are employed at the South Bohemian Region Medical Rescue Service in the position of paramedic were included in the research investigation. Each informant was asked the same questions, which were then evaluated using the coding technique and were divided into several categories and subcategories. The main topics for responding the objective of the work were health complications of shift work, adaptation to shift work, principles of proper nutrition and sleeping habits. Research has shown that the circadian rhythm affects the work of a paramedic, but it is very individual and affects each paramedic in a different way. Alternating irregular shifts are difficult to get used to, and working at night is not ideal from a physiological point of view. Most of the rescuers confirmed to us that they had a lower work performance and a longer reaction time during the night hours. Furthermore, night shifts have a negative effect on the health of workers, and health complications may occur years later, which may not allow rescuers to continue to perform their work as well as before.
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Influence of polysaccharides on caffein absorption from beverages
Osecká, Karolína ; Márová, Ivana (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis was focused on investigation of the interaction between the polysaccharide sodium hyaluronan (HA) and the alkaloid caffeine (CAF). The reason why this thesis was focused on study of aqueous solutions of hyaluronan with caffeine is that presence of polysaccharide can slow down the realising from hyalurona-caffeine complex. At first, it was determined whether the photophysical properties of caffeine reacts in different polarity solvents. Based on these results was studied the interaction of caffeine and hyaluronan using the fluorescence. Emission and excitation spectra of caffeine were observed. The HA of molecular weight of 1.7 MDa were chosen for the study of the interactions with the caffeine of concentration the caffeine contained in coffee. The results of interaction that would result to influence the emission properties of CAF, not show. In acidic solutions leading to the formation of various shapes of HA and by centrifugation it was determined whether HA in this form interacts with CAF, which was shown to decrease the absorbance of the supernatant in the CAF. The solution and the mixtures were measured in four types of environment in hydrochloric acid solutions at different pH. The influence of constant addition of caffeine and the HA of molecular weights of 1.7 MDa with different concentrations in different acidic solutions. As a part of the work was to determine how hyaluronan behaves in strongly acidic solution. And then determine the pH in model gastric juices after intake of Coca Cola and Kofola. The obtained results can be used as for description of the behavior of caffeine in the presence of selected polysaccharide.
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Development of a new type of energy drinks containing natural active components
Vysoká, Marie ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is the development and preparation of a new energy drink. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the comparison of the drinks available in market, the presentation of the main active ingredients and the proposal of enriching the new energy drink. It also describes the possibility of using an encapsulation and the method used to determine specific compound in energy drink or encapsulated particles. In the experimental part of the work, at the beginning, the main content of energy drinks were characterized, for instance caffeine, sugar, polyphenol and vitamin C. Subsequently the energy drink based on selected types of loose teas that were enriched with the encapsulated extract of acai, acerola, maca, goji and ginseng was designed. All extracts contained large amounts of polyphenols and antioxidants. In addition, acerola extracts contained very high amounts of vitamin C. Two types of particles, alginate particles and liposomes were prepared for encapsulation. For all particles, encapsulation efficiency, size, stability, and antioxidant activity were determined. Long-term stability was then monitored within three months. The particles were also exposed to artificial gastric, pancreatic and bile juice. All tested particles showed very good encapsulation efficiency. In terms of long-term storage stability in an aqueous environment. Particularly liposome particles, which also showed high stability by zeta potential measurement, were suitable. On the contrary, in case of alginate particles, when stored in an aqueous medium, the release of active substances occurred. Finally, an energy drink was created and subjected to sensory analysis. The best energy drink was based on black or green tea with alginate particles acai, goji and ginseng.
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Use of some encapsulation techniques to controlled release of active substances in food and cosmetics products.
Skoumalová, Petra ; Rittich, Bohuslav (referee) ; Kráčmar, Stanislav (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The presented doctoral thesis is focused on preparation, characterization and application of organic micro- and nanoparticles as transport systems for active components and some their complex natural sources. Active component were packed into liposomes and polysaccharide particles. As active components were used caffeine, some drugs – clotrimazole and ibuprofen, further antioxidants and vitamins. Antimicrobial herbs and spices extract, antimicrobial peptides lysozyme, nisin and other antimicrobial ingredients were encapsulated too. Encapsulation of selected hydrolytic enzymes was tested, too. Particles were also used for encapsulation of probiotic strains Bifidobacterium breve and Lactobacillus acidophilus and prebiotic components. These prebiotics were co-encapsulated into capsules with probiotic cells. Natural extracts were encapsulated e.g. extracts of guarana, ginseng, goji, green barley, propolis, black, green and white tea, coffee, fruit and vegetable extracts. The efficiency of encapsulation was determined by HPLC/PDA and by spectrophotometry. Long-term stability of particles and amount of released component in model/real foods, in model cosmetic conditions and in a model physiological environment were monitored too. Size of prepared liposomes and polysaccharide particles was determined by dynamic light scattering and by light microscopy and electron microscopy, respectively. Stability of the particles was measured using a zeta potential. Also, analytical centrifugation was used to measurement of sedimentation velocity and stability of the prepared particles. The antimicrobial activity were tested using two Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus), two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens) bacteria and one fungal strains (Candida glabrata). For determining the antimicrobial properties of active component and prepared particles two the most widely used methods were used - agar diffusion method and broth dilution method. The viability of probiotic strains were performed using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Encapsulation of active component was successful in all types of particles. Liposome showed a very good long-term stability mainly in water conditions with neutral pH and polysaccharide particles were stable in acidic conditions. Prepared particles showed a very good stability in model stomach environment, while in model intestines environments particles were disintegrated and active component were released. Prepared particles with encapsulated caffeine as well as other tested antioxidants and vitamins could be used to modern types of energy drinks, food supplements and also for some cosmetics applications. Encapsulated antimicrobial components could be used for food application as well as for cosmetics and pharmaceutical application like antimicrobial wound formulation. Encapsulated enzymes can be used for controlled release of proteases in wound healing, as delivery systems in digestive tract and as a part of pharmaceutical preparative and food supplements for enzyme therapy. The study revealed that encapsulation of probiotics and also co-encapsulation of probiotics with prebiotics exhibited longer stability of particles and survival bacterial cells. So, prepared particles are suitable for use to food product with beneficial effects on the human body.
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Influencing of caffein absorption from cola-type beverages
Osecká, Karolína ; Márová, Ivana (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
This diploma thesis was focused on basic physicochemical properties of caffeine and investigation of the interaction between the polysaccharide sodium hyaluronan (HA), pectin (PEC) or lignohumate (HUM) and the alkaloid caffeine (CAF). The reason why this thesis was focused on study of aqueous solutions of hyaluronan or pectin with caffeine is that the presence of polysaccharide- caffeine complex could be beneficial for slowing the absorption of caffeine. In the theoretical part of the diploma thesis there is described a group of alkaloids, which caffeine belongs to and also polysaccharides hyaluronic acid and pectin. The most attention has been paid to caffeine, its properties and effects on the human organism. This diploma thesis also deals with non-alcoholic beverages with caffeine, 4-methylimidazole, and phosphoric acid. The last chapter of the theoretical part is dedicated to fluorescence spectroscopy. In the experimental part of this work I deal with the basic properties of caffeine and interaction between the caffeine and selected polysaccharides or lignohumate. At first, the chemical and physical properties of caffeine were determined. Based on these results the interaction of caffeine and hyaluronan or pectin was studied by using the fluorescence and absorbance. The HA of molecular weight of 1,7 MDa and pectin from citrus fruits were chosen for the study of the interaction with the caffeine. These two substances were mixed with the caffeine of concentration contained in Coca-Cola. The results of interaction that would lead to the influence of the emission or absorption properties of caffeine, were not proved. As a part of the work there was determined how pectin behaves in strongly acidic solution and then there was monitored the pH, conductivity and solubility of caffeine in water by using thermogravimetry and visual experiments. The obtained results of the interaction of hyaluronan-caffeine, pectin caffeine or caffeine-lignohumate can be used for description of the behavior of caffeine in the presence of selected polysaccharides and natural organic substance.
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Characterization of beverages and food supplements containig caffeine
Patočková, Klára ; Pekař, Miloslav (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This master thesis is focused on characterization of some energy drinks and formulation of their modified composition. The theoretical part was focused on summary of energy drinks and some of their natural components - guarana, goji as well as on techniques of encapsulation. In the experimental part concentrations of caffeine, vitamin C, polyphenols and carbohydrates in commercially purchased drinks was evaluated. Subsequently, three kinds of particles (particles with caffeine, particles with guarana and particles with guarana and goji) by 6 different techniques were prepared. The efficiency of encapsulation was determined by HPLC/UV-VIS (caffeine, vitamin C) and by spectrophotometry (phenolics). Stability of the particles was followed in real food and in a model physiological environment of artificial digestive juices. Size of prepared particles was determined by dynamic light scattering. In this work it was found that particles with best activity and stability were obtained by encapsulator. For manual particles the best results were found in the liposome particles. Liposomes exhibited the smallest particle size, the highest efficiency encapsulation, excellent stability in real food and juices and the best value of zeta potential.
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Development of new type of energy drinks based on coffee with active substances
Dudrová, Markéta ; Skoumalová, Petra (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with development and preparation of new energy drinks with active plant component in free and encapsulated form. The theoretical part is focused on characterization of the energy drinks, their components and properties. The experimental part deals with the preparation of plant extracts, their characterization and subsequent encapsulation into liposome particles. All particles were determined for size, colloidal stability, long-term stability, antioxidant activity and encapsulation efficiency. Energy drinks based on various types of coffee were prepared and enriched with free or encapsulated guarana, goji, matcha or cocoa extract. In prepared energy drinks the content of caffeine, sugar, phenolics and antioxidant aktivity was monitored. Finally, selected energy drinks were subjected to sensory analysis, where appearance, color, smell and taste were evaluated.
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Study of microplastic sorption properties
Hlaváčková, Hana ; Kučerík, Jiří (referee) ; Řezáčová, Veronika (advisor)
There is currently an effort to replace conventional plastics with biodegradable products that will have the ability to replace these substances. One of the possible biodegradable felt, which is currently being studied in detail, is also poly (3-hydroxybutyrate), which is produced by bacteria. This bachelor thesis deals with the sorption of selected substances on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) microparticles. Substances whose contamination of water sources is a significant problem today have been selected for this work. Specifically, the sorption of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory substance ibuprofen, the triazole fungicide tebuconazole and the most common drug caffeine on PHB particles, which fall in the size of the microplastic group, were studied. The method of liquid chromatography with mass detection was used for analyzes.
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