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Overview and analysis of follow-up actions based on nuclear power plants stress-test results in the Czech Republic and world-wide
Ludvík, Lubomír ; bezpečnost, Ondřej Šťastný, Státní úřad pro jadernou (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
This thesis deals with the issue of the stress tests as a reaction to Fukushima accident. Nuclear safety and control systems are generally described in different modes. Fukushima accident is analyzed and described in details. Special attention is focused on the final results and lessons learnt as the background for stress tests goals. The main part of the thesis are the stress tests at all NPP in the European Union overview. Scope of tests was focused on resistance to extreme environmental conditions, a complete loss of safety systems and actions with solution of the severe accidents, including reactor core melting and subsequent effects. The Czech NPPs are discussed in detail, the others in particular way. Finally, recommendations that will be implemented within a few years are summarized. It will strengthen the management of severe accidents beyond the design basic events.
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Information of the population and employees of Temelín NPP on evacuation in case of a radiation emergency
RYBÁK, Tomáš
The aim of the thesis was to compare the awareness of employees of the Temelín nuclear power plant and the general public about evacuation in the event of a radiation emergency. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was carried out. Questionnaires were distributed and filled out using an internet tool for creating questionnaires at survio.com stands. The theoretical part of the work is focused on the Temelín nuclear power plant, its geographical location and technical description. The work is also focused on the radiation safety of nuclear power plants, their workers and residents against radiation. In the theoretical part, selected accidents of the Jaslovské Bohunice, Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear power plants are further described. For the purposes of the practical part, the same questionnaire was created for the employees of the Temelín nuclear power plant and the general public. The questionnaire is composed of 34 questions. The first 4 questions serve to divide the respondents, and the remaining questions determine the awareness of the respondents about evacuation in the event of a radiation emergency. A total of 100 respondents took part in the survey - 50 employees of the Temelín nuclear power plant (50%) and 50 respondents from the general public (50%). The survey results were evaluated using the internet tool survio.com and the Microsoft Excel software program. The aim of the thesis was to compare the awareness of the general public and employees of the Temelín nuclear power plant about evacuation in the event of a radiation emergency. From the questionnaire survey, it is evident that the level of awareness of the employees of the Temelín nuclear power plant reaches 86%, and the general public only 68%. The result shows that employees are better and more informed than the lay public. Based on this investigation, I would recommend informing the public more about evacuation options in the event of a radiation emergency.
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Comparison of knowledge of laymen and experts about anthropogenic emergencies within the operation of NPP Temelín
ŠPLÍCHAL, Vojtěch
Awareness of an emergency within a nuclear power plant is important for the safety of plant workers and the civilian population. This thesis is a report of applied quantitative research meeting the global objective and three sub-objectives. The global objective within the thesis (the development of the civil protection with the description of the gradual development of nuclear power plants with the use for peaceful purposes, the description of the risks, radiation emergencies and measures for the civil protection that are associated with the operation of nuclear power plants.) has been fulfilled within the theoretical part. Within the global objective of the research, a questionnaire with the basic parameters of the initial theory (civil protection theory) and selected operational parameters from the field of nuclear power plants operation was developed. Furthermore, three sub-objectives were generated related to the confirmation of hypotheses H1, H2 and H3. H1: The empirical distribution of the knowledge of the general public about anthropogenic emergencies within the operation of Temelín NPP is close to a normal distribution. H2: The empirical distribution of the knowledge of the professional public about anthropogenic emergencies within the operation of Temelín NPP is far from the normal distribution. H3: The knowledge of the general and expert public about anthropogenic emergencies within the operation of Temelín NPP is different at the chosen level of statistical significance. The hypotheses H1 and H2 were tested using mathematical and descriptive statistics. The verification of hypothesis H3 was performed using mathematical analysis methods. The global objective was met using the methods of systems analysis. To meet and confirm the sub-objectives, one dimensional and two dimensional statistical analysis methods were used. The theoretical contributions of this thesis are the confirmation of the applicability of one dimensional and two dimensional statistical analyses in conjunction with the research variables "Knowledge of the general public", "Knowledge of the professional public" and "Types of theoretical distributions". The practical contribution is the normality of knowledge in the general public and the distance from normality in the professional public. The assumption of a distance from normality for the expert public was confirmed, but it is questionable whether experts should score higher with regard to the regularity of training for personnel entering the controlled area and vital areas within the Temelín NPP operation. For follow-up work, the observed distance from normality in the expert community could be the basis for further investigation along with the analysis of individual questions of the questionnaire. This could, for example, lead to a more optimal structuring of the training of the workers (professional public) on the identified areas.
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Příprava náhrady souboru ochran řady SPACOM za terminály RELION řady 650 nebo 670 na jaderné elektrárně Temelín
DOUBRAVA, Jan
The thesis deals with the replacement of SPACOM protective system with new RELION series terminals. SPACOM protection sets have been discontinued and the manufacturer is discontinuing their support (i.e. discontinuation of deliveries of complete devices from warehouses and discontinuation of repairs and spare parts), which means that it is necessary to replace these protection sets with available devices. I have chosen RELION terminals from the same manufacturer as a possible replacement. These have a number of advantages over the now obsolete SPACOM protectors. The main advantage is the much larger range of protection functions available and the free programmability of these functions as well as the binary inputs and outputs. Other advantages are the possibility of complete control of a given outlet directly from the terminal, the recording of changes in inputs, outputs and states of protection functions, the recording of analogue and state values during faults on the power equipment, the permanent measurement of power analogue and state values during faults on the power equipment, the permanent measurement of power analogue values and time synchronisation and the transfer of all information to a higher-level control or information system, in our case to the NEMES system, where this information is archived and can be traced back. The terminal also performs a check wether the on and off paths, are closed which provides a better overview of the status and readiness of the switch. A significant advantage is also the considerable reduction of the number of other devices (power, auxiliary, time and special relays, transmitters, etc.) and thus the reduction of their possible failures. The theoretical part deals with the description of individual sets of protectors and terminals, their protective and other functions and their use. In the practical part, the desing of the logic of new terminals for use in the actual replacement is elaborated. In the final part of the thesis the pros and cons of each set of protections and terminals is summarized and a suitable option for the replacement of SPACOM protection sets is recommended. Here, the functional characteristics of the terminals is taken into account as well as the operational requirements and the economic aspect. The aim of this work is to prepare the basis for the replacement of the protections at the nuclear plant, which is necessary from the point of view of further long term operation. Furthermore, it can help in the preparation of both the tender and the implementation documentation, and it can also help to prepare for the replacement itself, which due to the outage schedule, is always essentially limited in time.
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The readiness of chosen kindergartens in the emergency planning zone of the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant
HÁJKOVÁ, Lucie
The thesis is based on the assessment of the readiness of staff in selected kindergartens in the emergency planning zone of the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant. Kindergartens associate a large number of young children who are dependent on the help of adults. Even in the event of a radiation accident, children will not be able to take care of themselves and will clearly be dependent on the help of teachers. For this reason the readiness of staff of this type of school facility in the emergency planning zone should not be underestimated. The aim of the thesis was to analyze the knowledge of staff in selected kindergartens (Dříteň, Zliv, Albrechtice nad Vltavou, Neznašov) in the emergency planning zone of the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant. For this purpose was established a hypothesis: "The knowledge of the staff of selected kindergartens in the emergency planning zone of the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant will be higher than 60 %." To achieve the set goal and to verify the hypothesis a questionnaire survey was conducted using a developed questionnaire. The questionnaire contained 19 questions, and total 55 respondents took part in the questionnaire. Then were the results evaluated using methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics. The hypothesis was confirmed that the knowledge of the staff of selected kindergartens is higher than 60 %. The arithmetic average of staff knowledge in selected kindergartens in the emergency planning zone of the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant was 61.47 %. I consider the current state of knowledge of staff in selected kindergartens to be sufficient, but the results showed insufficient knowledge in the areas of improvised body protection and iodine prophylaxis.
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Post-fukushima precautions from the perspective of the fire department of Temelin Nuclear power plant
MLSEK, Jiří
The aim of the thesis is to find out what impact the new measures have on the management of a severe accident from the point of view of the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant Fire and Rescue Service and their knowledge. All findings are based on the study of literature, electronic sources, internal documents, training materials of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant, laws and decrees. The theoretical part of this bachelor thesis describes the accident and the nature of the nuclear power plant. In the thesis you can find a description of the Temelín nuclear power plant itself, its history from its beginning to the present. Furthermore, I have described the principle of electricity production or preparedness for handling a severe accident. For this reason, the thesis mentions the emergency preparedness of the power plant and the procedures to reduce the consequences on the population The Fire brigade is an important aspect of this thesis. It is described in more detail here, from the distribution of personnel to the technology available to the Fire Department. For the purposes of the research, in the practical part of the bachelor thesis, a questionnaire was sent to the members of the fire brigade of the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant. Based on the analysis of the anonymous responses from the questionnaire, it appears that the employees of the Temelín NPP fire department have a sufficient amount of knowledge to be able to handle or reduce the consequences of a severe accident such as the Fukushima event.
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Sorption of radionuclid 85Sr to soils from area nuclear power plant Temelín
Reidingerová, Markéta ; Nesměrák, Karel (advisor) ; Rychlovský, Petr (referee)
This thesis is focused on the study of sorption of radionuclide 85 Sr in soil collected in the area of a nuclear power plant Temelín. A single-batch method experiment was used when a solution of radionuclide 85 Sr of known activity was added to the soil. The experiments focussed on the influence of pH with the size of the sorption and the influence of the time of the contact of the solution with the sorption. During the experiment with the value of pH closest to the pH of underground water from the nuclear power plant Temelín, the sorption of soil was somewhere between 31 to 44 %. When the time influence on the sorption was examined, radionuclide 85 Sr was sorbed very quickly. For the comparison of the sorption size in connection with the time, for which it was chosen 120 minutes, the sorption was almost constant, reaching 40 to 48 %. Key words Radioactivity, radionuclide 85 Sr, sorption, nuclear power plant Temelín
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Contruction of the Nuclear Power Plant Temelin and its Impact on the Surrounding Countryside
Maříková, Olga ; Andreska, Jan (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
This thesis is concerned with changes of countryside caused by the construction of the nuclear power plant Temelín mainly represented by the lost villages not only in the closest surroundings, but in the area of the Hněvkovice dam as well. In total, eight villages had to be cleared and great areas of farmland were transformed. The individual lost villages are briefly characterised in terms of history and then there is a description of what particularly was demolished and what has remained. The theses is based on comparison of photographs from the past with the contemporary state.
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Measures of Regional Police Directorate of the South Bohemian Region by an occurrence of a radiological emergency in the Temelín Nuclear Power Station
HRNEČEK, Martin
The aim of this diploma thesis is to clarify fundamental principles of activities of police officers of the Regional Directorate of the Police of the South Bohemian Region in the case of radiological emergency at the Temelín Nuclear power station. These principles are concentrated in compact documentation with practical tasks for respective organizational segments of the Regional Directorate of the Police of the South Bohemian Region. This documentation will be consequently used as a methodical guide for concerned police officers. Fundamental terms are defined in the theoretical part of the diploma thesis, concerning and usable in the course of measures in the case of solving radiological emergency at the Temelín Nuclear power station. The analysis of legal standards and technical bibliography is also performed in this part. The External Emergency Plan of the Temelín Nuclear power station is presented in detail, and a comparison of the previous and current atomic law is drawn. Last chapter of this part is devoted to the actual documentation of the Regional Directorate of the Police of the South Bohemian Region to manage the radiological emergency at the Temelín Nuclear power station. Necessary number of legal regulations, agreements and internal acts of management concerning the current topic was used for elaboration of this thesis. Information and findings of employees from the Department of Emergency Management of the Regional Directorate of the Police of the South Bohemian Region are also included. The practical part of the diploma thesis is devoted to the concentration of all materials and previous findings of the Regional Directorate of the Police of the South Bohemian Region in the case of measures for radiological emergency at the Temelín Nuclear power station into individual chapters. Each of these chapters presents particular activities of police officers of the Regional Directorate of the Police of the South Bohemian Region during performation of tasks in connection with managing the radiological emergency at the Temelín Nuclear power station. When listing particular tasks and processes, some of activities of other subjects participating together with members of the Police of the Czech Republic in measures concerning the radiological emergency are also mentioned in this part. The result of this thesis is a focused overview and operative material for police officers of the Police of the Czech Republic, usable for making them acquainted with questions of managing the radiological emergency at the Temelín Nuclear power station. It also serves as a background for regular practices and training courses on this subject.
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