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Terapeutické monoklonální protilátky v nádorovém léčbě
Danišová, Terezie
In recent years, therapy with monoclonal antibodies has been increasingly used in clinical practice. Treatment based on these antibodies has a wide range of advantages over classical therapeutic procedures such as chemotherapy, including reduced side effects. Their greatest advantage is their specificity towards cancer cells, which does not damage surrounding healthy cells. The aim of this compilation work is to summarize and present the molecular basis of tu-mour development and the processes that monoclonal antibodies suppress, stimulate, and contribute to stopping tumour progression. This compilation work provides a basic literary over-view of carcinogenesis at the molecular level, which is necessary for understanding the princi-ples on which monoclonal antibodies function. This work later focuses on monoclonal antibodies, their mechanism of action, and production techniques.
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Účinky rostlinných produktů na růst, stravitelnost, složení těla, imunitní a stresovou reakci u ryb
ZARE, Mahyar
The plant powders and extracts contain bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. These compounds have been shown to possess antistress, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal effects on fish. Nettle has been extensively studied in mammalian medicine, but its effects on aquaculture species have not been well documented. Recent studies have demonstrated the positive impact of nettle on the growth performance, hematology, blood biochemistry, immune system, and pathogens resistance of fish species. Nettle leaf powder at a rate of 30 g/kg feed, improved the final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), weight gain percent% (WG%), specific growth rate (SGR%), and increased whole-body proximate protein and ash content while reducing whole-body proximate fat rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. Tarragon leaf powder at a rate of 30 g/kg feed, significantly increased the haematocrit% (Hct%) and leukocyte count. The combination of 10 g/kg feed nettle leaf powder and 10 g/kg feed tarragon leaf powder resulted in the highest levels of erythrocyte count and haemoglobin (Hb). Nettle leaf powder at 30 g/kg feed, tarragon leaf powder at 30 g/kg feed, and a combination of 10 g/kg feed nettle leaf powder and 10 g/kg feed tarragon leaf powder significantly increased albumin levels in blood serum. Tarragon leaf powder at 10 g/kg feed showed the highest blood serum lysozyme enzyme activity compared to the control. Blood serum total immunoglobulin and total protein levels were significantly associated with nettle leaf powder at 30 g/kg feed. The study confirms the positive effects of these additives on growth performance, whole body proximate composition, immunological, haematological, and selected blood serum biochemical factors. Different levels of garlic powder did not significantly affect growth performance and somatic indices in European perch (Perca fluviatilis). However, adding 30 g/kg feed garlic powder resulted in a significantly higher level of whole-body proximate protein. Both 10 g/kg feed and 30 g/kg feed garlic powder showed significantly higher fat digestibility than the control and 20 g/kg feed garlic powder groups. The 20 g/kg feed garlic powder diet resulted in significantly higher erythrocyte and leukocyte count. Furthermore, all garlic groups had significantly lower blood serum cholesterol levels compared to the control. Garlic powder at level 30 g/kg feed improved European perch's resistance against high density and net handling stress, as well as their haematological and immunological parameters. Immediately after stress, the level of cortisol in all garlic-fed groups was significantly higher than in the control group, and there was no significant difference in glucose levels among the groups. However, after 24 hours, the levels of both cortisol and glucose were lower in all garlic-fed groups compared to the control group significantly. Garlic powder at a level of 10 g/kg feed improved apparent fat digestibility, whole body proximate protein, hematological parameters, immunological parameters, and increased resistance in high density and net handling stress. Overall, garlic powder could be considered as a potential dietary supplement for managing stress in European perch, however, further research is needed to determine the optimal dosage and long-term effects. Results of present thesis suggest that the use of natural feed phyto-additives could be a potential solution to address health issues in aquaculture, leading to more sustainable and efficient food production.
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Vliv vybraných minerálních prvků ve vztahu ke krevnímu obrazu u skotu.
DRESLER, Sylva
The aim of the current doctoral thesis is to evaluate the influence of the composition of a total mixed ration supplemented with dietary, organically bound zinc on health status and related hematological and biochemical parameters and mineral levels in blood in cows and their calves. The experimental part is divided in two subareas. The first experiment is monitoring the effect of supplementation of the organic form of zinc on lactation performance of cows and effect of TMR composition on the blood parameters of the hematological, metabolic, and mineral profile of cows and their calves. The second experiment is focused on an effect of the addition of organic zinc on blood parameters, health, and immunological status of weaned calves - metabolic profile, concentration of vitamins A and E, trace elements Cu and Zn, and total immunoglobulin levels in blood serum.
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In-vivo and ex-vivo models for superficial mycosis
Míková, Ivana ; Hubka, Vít (advisor) ; Julák, Jaroslav (referee)
12. 5. 2016 In vivo a ex vivo modely povrchových mykóz (bakalářská práce) Ivana Míková Abstract In my bachelor thesis I have dealt with the importance of using the laboratory animals (in vivo models) and artificial tissue (ex vivo models) for studying the superficial mycosis. The purpose of using these models is especially to clarify the pathogenesis of illness (the pathogenʼs penetration into the organism, the clinical, histopathological and immunological changes) or testing of new treatments. Selection of a suitable and susceptible model, methodics of preparation of the inoculum and preparation of the model before inoculation are crucial for the successful creation of the experiment. Small rodents (guinea-pig, mouse, rat), skin equivalents and keratin films made from human hair, nails and animal hooves are the most used in vivo and ex vivo models. This bachelor thesis summarizes their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the work deals with the types of dermatophytes and thermally dimorphic fungi used for successful inoculation and with the specific purpose of their use. The dermatophytes (Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton, Arthroderma) and thermally dimorphic fungi (Blastomyces and Sporothrix) are the most often researched originators of the superficial mycosis. Both groups cause the animal...
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The issue of urgent diagnostics of tick-borne encephalitis
MYSLIVCOVÁ, Lenka
In my bachelor thesis I dealt with urgent diagnostics of tick-borne encephalitis in the hospital of Havlíčkův Brod. The practical part was carried out in the immunology laboratory in the Joint Laboratories Unit in the hospital of Havlíčkův Brod, where the ChorusTrio device was purchased at the end of 2018. This device accelerated the diagnosis of samples from patients with suspected tick-borne encephalitis. Unfortunately, this device is only suitable for screening sera and is therefore mainly used to control antibodies before or after vaccination. In 2019 a new device, the ReaScan rapid test, was purchased and used for statim diagnostics. It is a simple and fast immunochromatographic test that allows us to confirm or refute the diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis within 30 minutes. In the theoretical part I elaborated professional literature about tick-borne encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis virus, its diagnostics and other related topics. In the practical part I dealt with methods whose principles are described in the theoretical part, in the chapter Laboratory diagnostics of tick-borne encephalitis in the hospital of Havlíčkův Brod, and whose working procedures are described in the chapter Methodology. From the obtained data and from the data from the LIS (Laboratory Information System) I compiled statistics, in which I evaluated the rate of return of the results from the laboratory examination. The aim of my bachelor thesis was to evaluate the existing statim diagnostics of tick-borne encephalitis with special emphasis on TAT (time of return of the examination results) and to find possible ways how to improve the diagnostics.
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Evolution of host specificity in avian influenza
Divín, Daniel ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Horníková, Lenka (referee)
Avian influenza is a dangerous viral disease, which threats animals and people's health and nowadays evokes great concerns linked with pandemic threat. Veterinary procedures tries to limit spreading of infection by eradication of all birds nearby the outbreak place of the disease to limit as much economic damage as possible. However, there is obvious considerable variability in susceptibility, course and transmission of the disease in different species. In model species (Anas platyrhynchos f. domestica a Gallus gallus f. domestica), we can see a big difference in course of the disease linked with different equipment of immunity genes. There is fragmented information about other species. The main aim is therefore to summarize knowledge about avian influenza, it's origin, evolution, diversity, spreading in environment and susceptibility of different species to this disease.
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The Frequency of HLA Antigens in the Group of Plasma Donors of the Transfusion Department, University Hospital, Hradec Králové
Nováková, Petra ; Řeháček, Vít (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Author: Petra Novakova Title: The frequency of HLA antigens in the group of plasma donor of the Transfusion Departmen, University Hospital, Hradec Králové Bachelor thesis Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Field of study: Medical Laboratory Technician Background: The major objective of this study is the statistical data processing in order to determine the frequency of HLA antigens in the group of plasma donors. Methods: The serological typing of HLA antigens using the lymphocytotoxic test was performed among plasma donors of the Transfusion Department of the University Hospital Hradec Kralove. On a sample group of 200 plasma donors was determined the frequency of HLA antigens by blood group and gender on the basis of a serological examination. The collected data of the observed sample of aforementioned group were processed using Microsoft Excel in relation to the gender and blood group of the donor. Results: It was discovered that within the observed sample there is the highest frequency of HLA-A antigens 2, 1 and 3; HLA-B antigens 7, 44, 35 and HLA-C antigens 7, 6, 4. The most frequented combination of HLA antigens within the observed sample of 200 plasma donors regardless blood group and gender are combinations of HLA-A 1,2 (15x) HLA-A 2,3 (15x), HLA-B 8,44 (8x), HLA-B 7,...
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In-vivo and ex-vivo models for superficial mycosis
Míková, Ivana ; Hubka, Vít (advisor) ; Julák, Jaroslav (referee)
12. 5. 2016 In vivo a ex vivo modely povrchových mykóz (bakalářská práce) Ivana Míková Abstract In my bachelor thesis I have dealt with the importance of using the laboratory animals (in vivo models) and artificial tissue (ex vivo models) for studying the superficial mycosis. The purpose of using these models is especially to clarify the pathogenesis of illness (the pathogenʼs penetration into the organism, the clinical, histopathological and immunological changes) or testing of new treatments. Selection of a suitable and susceptible model, methodics of preparation of the inoculum and preparation of the model before inoculation are crucial for the successful creation of the experiment. Small rodents (guinea-pig, mouse, rat), skin equivalents and keratin films made from human hair, nails and animal hooves are the most used in vivo and ex vivo models. This bachelor thesis summarizes their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the work deals with the types of dermatophytes and thermally dimorphic fungi used for successful inoculation and with the specific purpose of their use. The dermatophytes (Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton, Arthroderma) and thermally dimorphic fungi (Blastomyces and Sporothrix) are the most often researched originators of the superficial mycosis. Both groups cause the animal...
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Vliv stavu a funkce imunitního systému na pohlavní výběr u ptáků
Vinkler, Michal ; Albrecht, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kleven, Oddmund (referee) ; Grim, Tomáš (referee)
Evolution is a most fascinating feature of all living things in our world. The means of organismal evolution are diverse, comprising mainly of natural and sexual selection. Both of these phenomena may contribute to evolutionary adaptations in health and disease. The questions of immunity impact on the process of sexual selection and sexual selection for increased anti-parasite resistance are wide issues of the present research in natural sciences. Their clarification requires multidisciplinarily-based investigation combining a variety of partial results into a single united paradigm. My co-workers and I have chosen several specific issues to study, in order to fill some of the important gaps of the current knowledge. We proposed the Carotenoid maintenance handicap hypothesis to point out that optimisation instead of maximisation of the carotenoid intake and ornamental display may be physiologically convenient for the individual. In Scarlet rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus) we confirmed the role of the carotenoid-based ornamental colouration in the process of sexual selection and investigated several partial aspects of the association between immunogenetics, immune function, health and the ornament expression and mate choice. In Zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) we have shown that the present way of...
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