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MONITORING OF URANIUM IN DRINKING WATER IN THE SOUTH MORAVIAN REGION AND ITS ANALYSIS.
Hanusková, Vendula ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Ing.Dita Janečková, (advisor)
The determination of uranium in samples of the enviroment was considered for liquadeted chemical toxicity of uranium and it is impossible to leave out a potential occurrence in drinking water. The purpose of this diploma thesis was the monitoring of preselected public water supplies in the South Moravia and post action analysis of those samples. That was all on the basis of the requierement of the Regional Hygiene Station. For determination of trace concentrations of uranium in drinking waters the method ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma with Mass Spectrometry) was chosen. All of the results were then summarized and evaluated. At the end are proposed feasible solutions and precautions for public water supplies operators.
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Comparison of extraction methods for agriculture soil elemental analysis
Štursa, Václav ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor thesis handles with optimization of preparation process of soil samples from vineyards for elemental analysis performed by ICP-MS. First part of the thesis deals with element analysis and its usage in agrotechnics and viticulture, description of toxic and nutrition properties of individual elements and legislation defining appropriate concentration limits of elements in agricultural land. Next part describes commonly used methods for elemental analysis such as AES, AAS, roentgen fluorescence spectrometry and ICP-MS. Finally, sampling methods and methods for sample preparation such as digestion and extraction are described. Experimental part follows up comparison of selected extraction methods (2M HNO3 extraction, temperature assisted 2M HNO3 extraction, aqua regia extraction and microwave-assisted digestion using mixture of HNO3 and H2O2). These methods were applied on certified reference materials. Extracts were analysed by ICP-MS technique Best results were achieved by 2M HNO3 extraction. This extraction method was subsequently applied on real soil samples from vineyard.
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The significance of platinum in the environment
Brestovská, Marta ; Holubová, Zuzana (referee) ; Sommer, Lumír (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with monitoring of individual platinum compounds in the environment (water, soil, air) and is also reviewing methods used for their analysis. The no less important determination of platinum in tissues and body fluids, when the platinum is used in form of a cisplatin as an anticancer drug, is also mentioned. Afterwards the anticancer drug itself or its derivatives and metabolites on the base of platinum complexes in clinical sample (urine, plasma) are determined. Mainly the ICP-AES, ICP-MS, ETA-AAS, HPLC methods are highlighted from the methods used for the determination of Pt. The on-line connection between some of these methods such as ICP-MS with HPLC or ICP-AES with HPLC seems to be useful. The spectrofotometric methods using organic and inorganic agents can also be used for the determination of platinum. These methods are mentioned here rather marginally, just for completeness. In terms of practical use they are difficultly reproducible and not very sensitive. The hydrolysis of platinum metals to form insoluble hydrated oxides makes also the determination difficult.
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Methods for study of plant phosphoproteins
Válková, Martina ; Lochman,, Jan (referee) ; Fohlerová, Radka (advisor)
Reversibly phosphorylated proteins play a role in many fundamental cellular processes. An example is the cytokinin signal transduction pathway in plants that is mediated by the so-called two-component system involving histidine and aspartate phosphorylation. Due to the very low stability of phosphorylation of these amino acids, is difficult to find a suitable method for phosphorylation studies. The theoretical part of this bachelor thesis describes not only the current experimental approaches for analysis of protein phosphorylation in two-component systems but also is trying to propose new approaches for this analysis. There are described methods based on labeling of proteins using [?-32P] ATP and on the detection of released phosphate employing the colorimetric method or ICP-MS. Another possibility is sensitive identification of phoshorylated and non-phosphorylated forms of protein fused with GFP using CE-LIF technique. The practical part of the thesis deals with optimization of the selected colorimetric methods and also is focused on the preparation of the AHP5 protein fused with GFP for CE-LIF analysis.
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The occurrence and interactions of iodine in a natural environment, focused on the hydrosphere.
ŠEDA, Martin
Iodine is an important element essential for higher animals. A large part of the global human population suffers from a lack of iodine; elucidation of transfer and mobility of this element in the environment, water, soil, air and in organisms is thus very important. The aim of this work was the elaboration and optimisation of the method for determination of very low concentrations of iodine in the waters. The mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS) technique was used. It has been shown that using of different filter types during sample preparation had no significant effect on the content of impurities in the filtered sample. Antimony was recommended as an internal standard, despite commonly used elements (indium or tellurium). Samples were not preserved because nitric acid caused volatilization of iodine from the sample and the addition of aqueous ammonia had no significant effect. The optimised method was tested on several groups of water samples, including precipitation, surface water and lysimetric waters. From autumn 2009 to summer 2010, a part of the Blanice River (Šumava Mountains, South Bohemia) was sampled. The average content of iodine in samples ranged from 1.48 ? 0.30 ?g?dm-3 (April 2010) to 3.05 ? 0.38 ?g?dm-3 (July 2010). The average content of iodine in samples from all tributaries of the Blanice River ranged between 2.52 ? 1.63 ?g?dm-3 (March 2010) and 3.67 ? 1.37 ?g?dm-3 (July 2010). The concentration of iodine in the monitored surface waters did not change significantly along the flow of the river. The other two streams were sampled near Rapotín village (Jeseníky Mountains, north Moravia). The average contents of iodine were as follow: Annov (upper stream) 1.60 ? 0.65 ?g?dm-3, Annov (lower stream) 1.88 ? 1.18 ?g?dm-3, Salaš (upper stream) 1.77 ? 0.92 ?g?dm-3, Salaš (lower stream) 1.42 ? 0.58 ?g?dm-3. Generally, the data showed that considering iodine, the area of Šumava had slightly higher levels than those observed in the Jeseníky Mountains. Precipitation collected in the South Bohemia (Arnoštov village and city of České Budějovice) and in Jeseníky (Rapotín) contained less iodine compared to surface waters, and rarely exceeded 3 micrograms per liter of water. The situation has changed in the spring of 2010, because of the occurrence of volcanic dust and ash over the Czech Republic. This volcanic cloud came from the sudden activity of the Eyjafjallajökull Volcano (Iceland). In the mentioned period, the contents of iodine in precipitation were increased several times at all sample collection sites. This is an indirect evidence that iodine could be released during volcanic eruptions and transferred over long distances through the atmosphere. It turned out that the wastewater treatment plant can eliminate iodine in wastewater only partially. However, the wastewater treatment plants in the monitored region were too small to evaluate the overall impact on the environment. The maximum iodine content at the outlet of the wastewater treatment plant Prachatice town (South Bohemia) was 28.5 ?g?dm-3, which is several times higher than natural levels in the Živný stream, to which the treated water flows. Lysimetric water samples were collected from lysimeters installed in three nearby plots in Arnoštov village (Šumava, South Bohemia). The highest concentrations of iodine were found on plot where cattle were grazed. These values were significantly higher (average 4.38 ? 1.74 ?g?dm-3) than those obtained from a site used as hay meadow (average 2.69 ? 1.19 ?g?dm-3) or an untreated meadow (average 2.25 ? 1.39 ?g?dm-3). Iodine therefore probably originated from the urine and feces of grazed cattle. This thesis contributes to the total knowledge of iodine, particularly to the part concerning determination of iodine in the hydrosphere.
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