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Analysis and characterization of beta-glucans from some natural sources
Vít, Radek ; Hudečková, Helena (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to test and characterize commercially available products with declared -glucans content. The theoretical part describes -glucans, their possible sources, properties and utilization. Further, the theoretical part is focused on methods for determination of -glucan content. Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and oyster mushroom fungus are available as commercial sources of -glucans. Next individual groups of the active substances and principles of the methods used for their characterization are described too. In experimental part of this work the extracts from five commercially available sources of -glucans were prepared and characterized. Antioxidant activity, total polyphenols, proteins and carbohydrates were determined. For selected products, the content of vitamin C using HPLC and the lipid content using GC-FID were determine as well. An enzymatic method was used to determine the -glucan content. Two samples of the highest antioxidant activity were then subjected to antimicrobial and MTT tests.
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Utilization of edible and medicinal mushrooms in food industry
VLČEK, Ladislav
The theoretical part of the diploma thesis deals with the general structure of mush-rooms, nutritional composition and constituents with biological activity affecting the human body. The practical part of the work is focused on the use of alternative flours and other auxiliary raw materials to create gluten-free pastries with a higher nutritional value. Dried and ground fruiting bodies of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) and Chinese caterpillars (Cordyceps sinensis) served as enriching ingredients in this experiment. A mixture of naturally gluten-free flours was experimentally created as the basic matrix, in which the effect of the addition of processed edible mushrooms on selected baking properties of the products was subsequently monitored. The pre-pared samples were evaluated by sensory analysis. The results were statistically eval-uated and processed into a graph. A questionnaire survey is also involved in the work.
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Přestup rtuti z kontaminovaných lesních půd do mycelia hub
Hrachovinová, Jana
Bachelor thesis deals with the transfer of mercury from contaminated forest soils to mycelium mushroom. The theoretical part is devoted to the brief characteristics of mercury, as well as basic information about the history of mercury, the forms of mercury and, above all, its toxicity. The theoretical part also describes the two species of fungi of which mycelium has been used for monitoring mercury accumulation, namely Armillaria cepistipes and Pleurotus ostreatus. In addition to this basic information, brief information on the Poison mountain is mentioned in the work, from where all mercury contaminated soil samples were taken. Practical part of the thesis is split into part dealing with cultivation of mycelium of mushrooms and their collection, retention and analysis of mercury in samples, which was performed using atomic absorption spectrometry on the unit AMA 254. Control forest soil contained 0.122 ± 0.011 mg/kg Hg, contaminated forest soil of 1S contained 22.428 ± 2.297 mg/kg Hg, the soil 2S contained 105.893 ± 4.577 mg/kg Hg and the soil 5S contained 12.954 ± 0.912 mg/kg Hg. The mercury content of contaminated forest soils was statistically significantly higher compared to the controls. Higher mercury content of statistical significance was found in the mycelia Pleurotus ostreatus only in case the cultivation of highly contaminated soils (soil 1S and 2S). In case of mycelium cultivation in less contaminated soils (soil 5S and control soil), there was a statistically significant difference in the content of mercury in accumulated mycelia Pleurotus ostreatus and Armillaria cepistipes. The concentration of mercury in both mycelia tested grew linearly with a growing concentration of mercury in contaminated forest soils throughout the period of reference. According to the identified bioconcentration factors, which ranged from 0.13 – 0.41 for mycelium Armillaria cepistipes and for mycelium Pleurotus ostreatus in the range of 0.16 – 0.56, mycelium Armillaria cepistipes and Pleurotus ostreatus rank to the category of medium mercury accumulators.
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Analysis and characterization of beta-glucans from some natural sources
Vít, Radek ; Hudečková, Helena (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to test and characterize commercially available products with declared -glucans content. The theoretical part describes -glucans, their possible sources, properties and utilization. Further, the theoretical part is focused on methods for determination of -glucan content. Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and oyster mushroom fungus are available as commercial sources of -glucans. Next individual groups of the active substances and principles of the methods used for their characterization are described too. In experimental part of this work the extracts from five commercially available sources of -glucans were prepared and characterized. Antioxidant activity, total polyphenols, proteins and carbohydrates were determined. For selected products, the content of vitamin C using HPLC and the lipid content using GC-FID were determine as well. An enzymatic method was used to determine the -glucan content. Two samples of the highest antioxidant activity were then subjected to antimicrobial and MTT tests.
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Může hlíva ústřičná ovlivnit toxicitu průsakových vod?
Ciencialová, Tereza
This diploma thesis deals with the landfill and seepage waters from municipal landfill site. The first part is focused on theoretical description of landfill - description of landfill, division of landfills, landfill legislative requirements. In more details there is described the ecotoxicology and bisorption. The second part contains information about the landfill site Kuchyňky, description of the natural conditions of the area, the methodology that has been applied when determining the toxicity of leachate from the landfill and use of oyster mushrooms to reduce the toxicity of the leachate from the landfill. In the conclusion we evaluated the influence of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) on the phytotoxicity of leachate from the landfill. We compared results of the experiment before applying of oyster mushrooms and after its application on the leachate waters.
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Influence of environmental conditions on relation between Pleurotus ostreatus, Trichoderma pleuroti and mikrobiota in substrate
Wiesnerová, Lucie ; Jablonský, Ivan (advisor) ; Radomír, Radomír (referee)
Cultivation of edible mushrooms in the world is becoming increasingly popular. People are increasingly aware of their positive effects and therefore are mushrooms used not only in restaurants but also increasingly in human and veterinary medicine. With their growing, but also associated infestation of cultivated cultures of mushrooms by pests and diseases. The farms are most often appear green mold of the genus Trichoderma which cause considerable losses. When growing oyster mushroom is the biggest problem Trichoderma pleuroti, the cultivation of Agaricus is a Trichoderma aggressivum. Therefore, the research of protection against these fungi and important in recent years, importance.
Presented work studies the tolerance selected strains of Pleurotus ostreatus against Trichoderma pleuroti and different heat treatments of the substrate. In experiments was examined relationship between Pleurotus ostreatus, Trichoderma pleuroti and Bacillus subtilis, as well as various forms of heat treatment of the substrate and its enrichment. The experiments were statistically analyzed using ANOVA.
In the case of a common growth Trichoderma pleuroti and Bacillus subtilis was Trichoderma pleuroti considerably restricted, especially in the case of surface inoculation of Bacillus subtilis. Also in a common growth of Bacillus subtilis and Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus growth was limited by surface inoculation of Bacillus subtilis was to restrict the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus pronounced.
In the case of the fermentation substrate and subsequent heat treatment, it was found that the enrichment of the substrate and its subsequent fermentation treatment is not suitable for the growth of mycelia of Pleurotus ostreatus. In case the substrate has been infected Trichoderma pleuroti the most appropriate treatment showed fermentation substrate and subsequent heat treatment at 60 ° C. Adding mingled substrate is not proved crucial for the growth of mycelium Pleurotus ostreatus.
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Obsah selenu v sušině hub v závislosti na aplikaci hnojiv
Hrušková, Jitka
This diploma thesis deals with the research the effect of the application of selenium as a fertilizer in the substrate mycelium of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on the growth of this element in the dry state mushroom. Utilization of the cumulative mushrooms characteristic, i.e. the ability to cumulate into them the substance from the enviroment. The purpose of this experiment is the possibility of using the enriched oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on selenium as a potential functional food. The theoretical is focused on explaining the various terms of fungus, its composition, characteristics and effects on the human body, focusing mainly on oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus). There is paid more attention to selenium, its form, function and its effect on the human body. The practical part of the thesis includes experimental results arising from the cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on substrate, which is enriched with pentahydrate sodium selenite (Na2SeO3.5H2O) in various concentrations. Single samples are determinend by using mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS , inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) after decomposition of the sample in a microwave system. The results are according to the individual selenium contents in the dry matter of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) presented in the recommended daily doses (DDD) for possible use as functional foods. Part of this thesis is also to research the influence of the concentration of selenium on the growth of mycelia of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus).
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