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The role of the radiographer in gastroenterology
VOSEJPKA, Roman
This bachelor thesis focuses on radiological imaging methods that are used in gastroenterological examinations. In radiology, machines keep developing, improving and they become an inherent part of practically all branches of medicine. They are being applied in both, therapy as well as illness diagnosis. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The objective is to bring individual gastroenterological examinations closer using radiological assistance and to describe the role of a radiographer during these performances. The theoretical part mainly describes the anatomy of the digestive tract and its pathology. Further on, the theoretical part contains information on the individual gastroenterological examinations, contrast substances and radiological imaging methods. The practical part has been processed using the data collected from the NIS AKORD hospital system. Based on acquired data, tables and graphics were created, using percentage representation. NIS AKORD data has been accompanied by data that I aquired via a random choice from the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic database. I have chosen a few figures that are linked to both, the area of radiology and imaging methods as well as gastroenterology. The objective is to describe the process of individual gastroenterology examinations utilizing radiological assistance and to bring the role of the radiographer in the above-mentioned performances to a closer focus.
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Nursing care of the patient with pancreatic carcinoma
BELLA, Inna
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic 'Nursing Care for Patients with an Oncological Disease of the Pancreas'. It maps the work of a nurse taking care of a patient, with regard to the investigative methods in proving the disease of carcinoma of the pancreas and with regard to an inpatient part of the gastroenterological department. Goals of this thesis are: 1. To find out specifics about the nursing care with respect to patients with an oncological disease of the pancreas, 2. To find out the role of a general nurse during the investigative methods regarding the oncological disease of the pancreas, 3. To find out possibilities of further education of nurses who provide nursing care for patients with an oncological disease of the pancreas. Three research questions were set beside these goals: 1. What are the specifics of a nurse caring for patients with an oncological disease of the pancreas? 2. What is the role of a general nurse during the investigative methods of an oncological disease of the pancreas?, 3. What are the possibilities of further education of nurses who provide nursing care for patients with an oncological disease of the pancreas? Part of this bachelor thesis research consists of the qualitative research investigation with the usage of a semi-structured interview. Research investigation took part in the gastroenterological department where there were situated both inpatient and endoscopic parts of the department. Endoscopic nurses were asked questions that focused on the care of a patient before, during, and after the examination. Nurses who work in the inpatient part of the gastroenterology spoke about the specifics of the nursing care of a patient with carcinoma of the pancreas. Endoscopic nurses agreed that the most important part in their work is the usage of endoscopic devices and instrumentarium, their disinfection and sterilization. Also, they agreed that equally important are preparation and care of a patient during and after an examination and an assistance to a doctor during the examination. Nurses in the inpatient department who take care of a patient with carcinoma of the pancreas state that their nursing care focuses on the preparation of a patient for examination, on dealing with pain and nutrition with respect to the patient, and also on a quality of nursing care in a terminal stage. Results of this bachelor thesis could be used as a study material for students who deal with this topic and especially for new nurses in the gastroenterological department.
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Nurse's work at gastroenterological out-patient's ward
KOTKOVÁ, Stanislava
This bachelor work "Nurse's work at gastroenterological out-patien's ward" maps the work of nurse at gastroenterological out-patient's ward, the nurse needs to have a technical qualification, needs to know how to organize her work and how to take care of a patient and how to communicate. The work of gastroenterological nurse is really challenging according to constantly developing technologies. The theoretical part describes nursing methods and specifics of nurse's work. The research part was realized through qualitative survey via semi-structured discussion. The aims of the work were: 1. To find specialties of the nurse's work at gastroenterological out-patient's ward and 2. Figure out choices in further education of nurses working at gastroenterological out-patient's ward. There were stated three research questions: 1) What is the content of the nurse's work at gastroenterological out-patient's ward? 2) What is specific about the communication between the nurse and the patient? 3. What possibilities do nurse working at the gastroenterological out-patient's ward have in further education? Although the research was made in two different hospitals, nurses almost agreed on the content of their work. The survey showed that nurses do a lot of work: they guarantee the functioning of out-patient's ward, they communicate with the doctor and the patient, they watch out for endoscopes, they take biological material etc. We found out that nurses have a lot of opportunities for further education which hospital offers such as courses, seminars and workshops. The results of this work could be used as a source of information for nurses working at gastroenterological out-patient's ward or as a studying material for new coming nurses. These results could also be presented in professional magazines and in professional conferences.
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Nursing issues in a patient indicaded for examination of the intestines.
DUDÁČKOVÁ, Simona
Gastroenterology is medicinal discipline dedicated to diagnostics and treatment of gastrointestinal tract diseases. Part of its diagnostics is among others, also intestinal examination, which is done in case of suspicion of inflammatory, non-inflammatory and tumorous disease and it belongs to current examination in the present. The thesis deals with nursing issues in a patient indicated for examination of the intestines and is divided into theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part is focused on examination methods amongst which belongs anamnesis, physical examination, laboratory examination, imaging methods, endoscopic examination and puncture biopsy. Very important part is the role of a nurse and nursing care for patient, which blends through the whole thesis. The objective of the thesis is to map the role of nurse at chosen endoscopic examinations and to capture subjectively perceived feelings of the ill person during preparation for chosen endoscopic examinations. For processing the empirical part of the thesis was chosen qualitative research, using the method of semi-structured interview. The first research file were nurses from different endoscopic workplaces and second research file were patients, which underwent colonoscopy. The chosen method was questioning and technique of in-depth interview followed by analysis of gathered data using the method of coding, so called Paper-and-Pencil. The results of research mapped the role of a nurse at chosen endoscopic examinations. Her job at endoscopic workplace requires professional knowledge and abilities at nursing care before examination, during it and after it. Integral part of role of a nurse is also controlling instrumentation, working with a doctor and communication, thanks to which patient manages indicated examination with minimal difficulties. Within research framework are at patients, recorded subjective problems of patients during the preparation for chosen endoscopic examination.
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Porfyrie
ŠTEFKOVÁ, Michaela
This work summarises the causes of formation of a group of rare but serious diseases called Porphyria. This paper specifies the particular forms of these diseases and focuses mainly on their diagnostics. Typical symptoms and possible cures are assigned to each form of Porphyria.
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Implementace systému Omaha v komunitní praxi
BEŇOVÁ, Eva
Current situation: Standardized terminology of the Omaha system brings new opportunities for nurses providing community care. Objectives: Four objectives have been defined for this study: to implement the Omaha system in the nursing documentation for the purpose of verification of nursing care in community practice - to characterize the problems of patients with gastrointestinal diseases as per the Problem Classification Scheme - to map the links between problems and interventions as per the Intervention Scheme - to evaluate the problem results using the Problem Rating Scale for Outcomes of the Omaha system. Methodology: The research method used was based on the study by Kathryn H. Bowles (2000) addressing problems of patients and nurse interventions. The quantitative research method was implemented by inquiry using nursing documentation with the Omaha system implemented. The data acquired was tested using the software tools SPSS 22.0 and MS Excel. Research set: It consisted of 103 patients with gastrointestinal diseases. The inquiry was carried out by contact persons - nurses of the gastroenterology department. Results: Patients with gastrointestinal diseases suffering from a wide range of problems corresponding to given character of diseases, which predominantly occur in the Physiological Domain and Health-Related Behavior Domain. In terms of mapping of links between problems and interventions, the results have proven a high usability of the objectives defined in the Intervention Scheme in community practice. The interventions were mostly determined in the categories Treatments and Procedures and Surveillance. Statistical differences have been confirmed in the documentation of interventions in individual categories for patient problems as well as for the selection of interventions in individual categories with respect to the type of given gastrointestinal disease. The study results have proven a significant improvement of knowledge, behaviour and status for individual problems, which is shown in comparison of final values with the initial values of problem results. The implementation of the selected interventions as per the Intervention Scheme resulted in a reduction or elimination of ? of problems. Conclusions: The results of the research inquiry clearly show that the Omaha system is an appropriate tool for documentation of all stages of the nursing process in the community care. Implementation of the functional documentation in community practice requires the Czech version of the Omaha system and electronic form of the documentation, which are absent at present.
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Company Euresis s. r. o. – possibilities of marketing focus
Rokytová, Eliška ; Koudelka, Jan (advisor) ; Tejkal, Ondřej (referee)
The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to characterize the marketing focus of the gastroenterology healthcare facility. Marketing terminology, which is unique for healthcare industry, is characterized in the theoretical part of this thesis. In the practical part of the thesis selected company is presented together with the evaluation of its current marketing focus. The information mentioned in this part were primarily obtained from expert interviews with the owner of the company and their analyze. Subsequently, the patient satisfaction survey is evaluated. Appropriate recommendations for improvement of the marketing activities of the healthcare facility are presented at the end of the thesis.
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Quality of life of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
HAVELKOVÁ, Kristýna
Inflammatory bowel disease is often discussed topic among the medics in the field of diagnostics, treatment and prognosis, however what is usually ignored is quality of life. The bachelor thesis aims at revealing the quality of life of patients with idiopathic bowel disease. The theoretical part introduces inflammatory bowel disease with its principal types of Crohn´s disease and ulcerative colitis. The empiric part is focused on IBD patients´ quality of life. The research part of the thesis is based on standardized questionnaire Short Form 36, aimed at quality of life of patients in South Bohemia. For reaching the goal, three main hypotheses were selected: H1: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have mental problems. H2: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have physical problems. H3: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have social problems. The questionnaire construction was conducted in Word Excel programme using graphs and basic statistics. A positive output from the respondents was very surprising because the most of the respondents answered the questions concerning their quality of life positively. It is possible to state that this situation may be caused by the latest available treatment, timely diagnosis and also by a certain effort within our society to deal with chronically ill patients with kindness and respect. This survey convinced me that also people with chronical diseases can have good quality of life. The topic of this bachelor thesis was highly interesting for me; my original presumptions were different, therefore the results were surprisingly pleasing. Creating this bachelor thesis was very helpful for me. This bachelor thesis can be used as informative material for nurses in hospitals or for students of non-medical health care branches. Furthermore, this thesis can be used for further study.
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The role of nurses in endoscopic examinations
URBANOVÁ, Radka
Nowadays, endoscopy is considered one of the most widely used methods of examination. It enables not only the examination of bodily cavities, but also the extraction of tissue or other medical procedures. Endoscopic examinations are widely used. Thanks to preventive colonoscopies, diagnoses of the widely spread colorectal carcinoma occur in time. Another type of an endoscopy selected for the thesis is a gastroscopy. It allows the removal of foreign objects or the diagnosis of pathological changes in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. The last of the selected examinations is the Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatogram (ERCP). It is considered the most reliable method for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, which occurs with increasing frequency. Additionally, it is the only one of the selected endoscopic examinations which combines endoscopy with X-ray imaging. It has, therefore, become unique due to the direct imaging of the pancreatic and biliary tracts. This disadvantage of endoscopic examination creates certain complications. These may occur during the procedure as well as in various intervals following the examination. It is, therefore, essential that patients are thoroughly prepared, examined by a doctor beforehand and that the execution of each examinations is sufficiently thought through. The work of nurses in endoscopic workplaces has certain specifics. These nurses must be able-bodies and must have technical and manual skills, since they need to operate costly endoscopic equipment. It is of utmost importance that the nurses have good communication skills, as they are the ones who come into contact with the patients most often. They should be able to alleviate the concerns of the patient, since this is the main purpose of their work. Last but not least, every endoscopic nurse should also have very good theoretical knowledge regarding the anatomy and physiology of the digestive tract, as well as expertise in the field of endoscopy.
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Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Prevention in Children with Coeliac Disease.
PAPOUŠKOVÁ, Helena
Celiac disease is a lifelong disorder characterised by permanent intolerance to gluten and typical inflammatory changes in the small intestine. These changes lead to malabsorption of all nutrients, minerals, vitamins and water. The first attack of this disorder mostly occurs in childhood because the small intestine is greatly stressed by other nutrition supply. The only effective treatment is a lifelong gluten-free diet. This thesis, called Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention in children with celiac disease, consists of two parts; a theory part for which both professional publications and internet have been used and an empirical part, that comprises research itself with its results. The research target of this thesis was the sector of celiac disease occurring in children. Within the research, there were determined four objectives. The first objective was about to find out how primary, secondary and tertiary prevention is provided to children with celiac disease in GP ambulances for children and teenagers. Another task was to trace what profits the regime education brings to parents of children having celiac disease. We also dealt with the impact of the disease on the life of the child, his/her family and surrounding society. Then we investigated whether respondents take the help from outside, state support, institutions and in-kind assistance. In the empirical part of the thesis we used a method of qualitative research. For this research we chose a method of questionings through individual semi-structured interviews with two groups of respondents. The first group was made of nine nurses working in GP ambulances for children and teenagers having celiac disease. The second group was formed by nine children with celiac disease and their parents. The outcome of the research indicates that for quality health care supply it is important to obtain family anamnesis, carry out regular physicals in stated intervals within growth measurement monitoring and breastfeeding education and add other nutrition to diet. Monitoring suspicious symptoms, such as failure to thrive, inexplicable weight loss, growth retardation, abdominal pain, recurrent diarrhoea, digestive discomfort, dermatitis, stomatitis, anaemia, can soon detect celiac disorder. The secondary prevention is expressed by the work of nurses, such as biological material analysis, education, advice, help and support. Great urgency is given to risk factor monitoring, such as diabetes mellitus, Down syndrome, thyroid disorder, or genetic predispositions. The tertiary prevention is focused on the adaptation support of the child and his/her family to this chronic disorder, normal growth, and whole constitution examining and complication prevention. The outcomes indicate that the biggest problem of celiac people is financial burden of gluten-free food and also frequent limits in out-of- home eating. The financial burden of the diet influences, for example, vacation planning. It is necessary for the society to respect their disease, for example, canteens and teachers should have knowledge of the diet restrictions and provide suitable feeding. Furthermore, our findings show that only few families use financial support, because they are afraid of negative allowance examination because of their comfortable income. They mainly use allowance from Health Insurance Companies. On the grounds of the acquired information has been created an informative handout for the parents of the children with the celiac disease. The results of our research will be provided to the nurses who work in general practitioner ambulances.
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