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Spanish International Trade Policy under Francisco Franco's Regime
Sharabati, Abdel Fattah ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Jeřábek, Martin (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the trade policy of Spain in relation to other countries during the reign of the Spanish dictator Francisco Franco. It analyzes the changes in the position of strategic partners for Spain between 1936-1975, i.e., during the Franco era. The main variable in this process should be the change of the international political scene from the turbulent 1930s, through the Second World War, to the post-war period, i.e., the Cold War and the division of the world into "East" and "West" and the period of decolonization. Although General Franco's government could be described as totalitarian or clerical-fascist and suppressing any liberal- democratic tendencies on the domestic scene, especially in international politics, Franco was able to move very deftly and get the most out of most political negotiations with foreign partners for Spain. Therefore, even the Spaniards themselves are very contradictory in their assessment of the period of his reign. In analyzing Spain's developments on the international stage, many of the variables that have influenced Spain's direction, both directly and indirectly, must be taken into account. Among these variables we can include, for example, various contracts, agreements, but also sanctions or embargoes.
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Valley of the Fallen: Contested site in the Spanish politics of memory
Kolínová, Kristýna ; Tomalová, Eliška (advisor) ; Menclová, Barbora (referee)
A monument known as the Valley of the Fallen is located about fifty kilometers from Madrid. The complex was built by General Franco as a memorial to the victims of the Civil War. After his death, Franco himself was buried here in the basilica caved into the rock. The remains of the dictator situated at such a monumental site together with thousands of victims of the Civil War are, according to many, an unresolved issue for democratic Spain. As many meanings are assigned to the site, the debate about the Valley of the Fallen includes other topics as well. The thesis presents and analyzes the politics of memory and debate on the contested site of memory Valley of the Fallen from the beginning of the Zapatero government in 2004 until the end of the Rajoy government in May 2018. Based on the typology of mnemonic actors of M. Bernhard and J. Kubik, the thesis identifies and classifies national institutional actors participating in this debate. Transnational actors, as well as attitudes of the Spanish civil society, are also mentioned. Therefore, the thesis connects three areas of the collective memory studies: sites of memory, politics of memory and mnemonic actors.
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Constitutional development of the Francist Spain
Vavrušková, Magda ; Seltenreich, Radim (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
Constitutional Development of the Francoist Spain Summary in English The aim of the thesis is to describe political regime, legal order and especially the constitutional laws applicable in Spain during the governance of Francisco Franco Bahamonde between the years 1936 and 1975. Franco took part in the military uprising against the Second Spanish Republic and soon became the leader of the nationalist troops. As the head of state he constructed a "New State" inspired by the fascist, falangist and traditionalistic ideas. Under the influence of international circumstances after the Second World War he was forced to change his allies - Mussolini's Italy and Hitler's Germany was replaced by the United States - but his autocratic regime did not change a lot. It was still him who disposed of the unlimited power and whose status was unchangable. The free competition of the political parties was disabled as the only legal party was Francoist FET y de las JONS (later known as National Movement). During his reign Franco adopted seven constitutional laws which confirmed human rights and ideological principles of the regime and organized the state administration and public authorities. First of these laws was Labour Charter, adopted in 1938, followed by Law on the Cortes in 1942, Charter of the Spaniards in 1945, Law on...
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Valley of the Fallen: Contested site in the Spanish politics of memory
Kolínová, Kristýna ; Tomalová, Eliška (advisor) ; Menclová, Barbora (referee)
A monument known as the Valley of the Fallen is located about fifty kilometers from Madrid. The complex was built by General Franco as a memorial to the victims of the Civil War. After his death, Franco himself was buried here in the basilica caved into the rock. The remains of the dictator situated at such a monumental site together with thousands of victims of the Civil War are, according to many, an unresolved issue for democratic Spain. As many meanings are assigned to the site, the debate about the Valley of the Fallen includes other topics as well. The thesis presents and analyzes the politics of memory and debate on the contested site of memory Valley of the Fallen from the beginning of the Zapatero government in 2004 until the end of the Rajoy government in May 2018. Based on the typology of mnemonic actors of M. Bernhard and J. Kubik, the thesis identifies and classifies national institutional actors participating in this debate. Transnational actors, as well as attitudes of the Spanish civil society, are also mentioned. Therefore, the thesis connects three areas of the collective memory studies: sites of memory, politics of memory and mnemonic actors.
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The importance of economic and political cooperation between Franco’s Spain and nazi Germany for the spanish economy during the second world war
Jiroušková, Kristýna ; Fabianková, Klára (advisor) ; Kovář, Martin (referee)
The content of this work is an analysis of Franco Spain's economic and political cooperation with Nazi Germany during the Second World War in comparison with the Spanish Civil War period. The theoretical part focuses on the description of the Spanish authoritarian regime and on the socio-economic causes and consequences of the civil war. The practical part describes the cooperation between foreign trade during both periods and then compares them. The aim of the thesis is to confirm the hypothesis that during the Second World War the structure and content of foreign trade changed in comparison with the period of civil war. Next, to answer the question of what significance for Spain had on cooperation with Germany immediately after the end of World War II. The comparison of both periods results in a significant change in the structure and content of foreign trade between Spain and Germany. The answer to the question of the meaning of cooperation for Spain immediately after the war is based on post-war developments in Europe. In particular, from the fact that Spain was excluded from the Marshall Plan and was undergoing a deep economic crisis. The contribution of this work is the elaboration of a topic that is not elaborated in detail by Czech historians or economists. However, the subject should be further explored on the basis of indicators other than those already done.
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Franco years in Spain through "El Clásico": FC Barcelona vs. Real Madrid
Vakulenko, Darya ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (referee)
Master's thesis "Franco years in Spain through El Clásico: FC Barcelona vs. Real Madrid" explores the football rivalry between Real Madrid and Barcelona teams during the franquismo. The theme of Real Madrid, understood as a team supported and promoted by the Spanish regime is prevailing throughout the paper. Another part describes deep cultural symbolism of FC Barcelona in Catalonian region. The last part unites those two subjects by explaining how their rivalry or El Clásico games, were more than just a match of football. Emotional attachments, political manifestations and historical differences always prevailed throughout their matches.
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Constitutional development of the Francist Spain
Vavrušková, Magda ; Seltenreich, Radim (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
Constitutional Development of the Francoist Spain Summary in English The aim of the thesis is to describe political regime, legal order and especially the constitutional laws applicable in Spain during the governance of Francisco Franco Bahamonde between the years 1936 and 1975. Franco took part in the military uprising against the Second Spanish Republic and soon became the leader of the nationalist troops. As the head of state he constructed a "New State" inspired by the fascist, falangist and traditionalistic ideas. Under the influence of international circumstances after the Second World War he was forced to change his allies - Mussolini's Italy and Hitler's Germany was replaced by the United States - but his autocratic regime did not change a lot. It was still him who disposed of the unlimited power and whose status was unchangable. The free competition of the political parties was disabled as the only legal party was Francoist FET y de las JONS (later known as National Movement). During his reign Franco adopted seven constitutional laws which confirmed human rights and ideological principles of the regime and organized the state administration and public authorities. First of these laws was Labour Charter, adopted in 1938, followed by Law on the Cortes in 1942, Charter of the Spaniards in 1945, Law on...
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Reflection on the Spanish Civil War and Francoist era in Contemporary Spain
PEREZ MEDRANO, Jana
The main aim of this theses is to evaluate the remnants of the period of the civil war and the Franco era in contemporary Spain and to describe the steps that were made to break the collective silence. The first three chapters present an overview of Spain during the civil war and the Franco dictatorship and describe the process of it's transformation into a democratic country. The fourth chapter deals with the process of opening the mass graves. Becouse of the inactivity of the state, varios associations of victims took charge of this process. Afterwards the attention is paid to the most important symbol of Francoism, Valle de los Caídos, which became the tumb of the dictator and at the same time the place of the last rest of many victims of the civil war. The sixth and concurrently the last chapter is dedicated to Historical memory law of which aim was to compensate the victims of the civil war and to close the period of the division of the spanish society.
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