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System for Recognizing Disinformation in Web Environment
Večerka, Lukáš ; Žádník, Martin (referee) ; Strnadel, Josef (advisor)
This work deals with the design, implementation, and verification of a system for automatic recognition of disinformation on the web. It addresses the issue of disinformation spread in the online environment and its impact on society. It focuses on training several Czech transformer language models for disinformation recognition and further automatic extraction of content from Czech online newspapers and their analysis using text classification and natural language processing through deep learning methods. The results of these analyses are then presented in a web user interface with the aim of providing a platform for verifying articles, authors, and sources. The interface could be used for data annotation by experts for continuous improvement of language models.
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Application for Detection of Fake News
Zádrapa, Jan ; Holop, Patrik (referee) ; Malinka, Kamil (advisor)
Problém Fake News je aktuálně jeden z největších problémů moderní společnosti. Miliony lidí denně konzumují zavádějící informace a ani o tom nemusí vědět. Tento problém způsobuje riziko po celém světě, protože přispívá k polarizaci společnosti a ovlivňuje volby pomocí propagandy. Bohužel, zatím není vytvořen dostatek spolehlivých automatizovaných nástrojů pro český jazyk, které by dokázaly tento problém řešit. Tato práce má za cíl takovýto nástroj vytvořit a tím pomoci lidem, kteří denně propadají Fake News.
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Media Literacy of Older Adults with a Focus on Fake News and their Recognition
Švehláková, Žaneta ; Dostálová, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Vronský, Jiří (referee)
The thesis focuses on the area of media literacy of the older adults. Media literacy of older adults relates to the current issue of fake news and their identification. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the preferences and media use of a group of older adults and to identify the ability of older adults to recognize fake news. A secondary aim of the research findings is to establish recommendations for practice, particularly in education of older adults. The thesis focuses on the periodization of old age and the definition of the term older adult. Furthermore, it focuses on the area of media literacy of older adults especially in relation to fake news. Key factors affecting media literacy of older adults, such as changes in cognitive functions or social life in old age, are reflected. Emphasis is placed on identifying the targets of fake news and the reasons for its dissemination. The thesis presents a definition of fake news and then discusses selected types of fake news, namely misinformation, misinformation, hoaxes and conspiracy theories. The relationship of older adults to fake news, and their knowledge of the phenomenon, is presented. The thesis offers an overview of the key features or principles helping to identify fake news, serving as a basic orientation for their identification. It also...
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"Too cool to pretend to care"
Vinklárková, Tereza ; Remešová, Anna (referee) ; Sterec, Pavel (advisor)
The aim of the project is to capture the consumer attitude of society, the millennial culture, fake news, as well as planetary and social changes. It presents a stylized post-ironic statement of mostly narcissistic millennials, whose social platforms have become the main platform for expression, forcing us to reflect on the variety of information we are surrounded by and the need of its selection. It also opens the discussion about the phenomenon of denying the existence of climate change visible through the absurd arguments and the phenomenon of geoengineering, targeted human interventions in natural processes, primarily to permanently or at least temporarily cool the planet.
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Disinformation in our lives and at school
Kučáková, Aneta ; Samek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Lánský, Ondřej (referee)
This diploma thesis explores in what way disinformation affect thinking and acting of people from psychological and sociological point of view. It defines fundamental concepts often used in relation to modern media world, such as fake new, propaganda, trolling, etcetera. Moreover, it covers how disinformation are accepted by various social groups and why the groups succumb to them. In the subsequent part, it explains, based on expert opinions, the role of media in today's society, how media contribute to the cohesion of the society, but also to its division. An important point is the attitude of the state to disinformation and to overall concept of free speech on social media, where it is often used to spread lies. The main part of the thesis concerns with education, particularly with the relationship between teachers and schools and media education. The practical part of the thesis is based on conversations with teachers from various schools which answer questions related to the teaching of media education. The point of the interviews is to connect them to the theoretical part as well as gain further insight into the topic. Furthermore, the work describes chosen teaching activities that demonstrate ways how media education could be integrated into the tuition of history and civics. The goal of the...
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Jak učit o fake news?
HAVELCOVÁ, Tereza
This diploma thesis examines the phenomenon of fake news and focuses on the pedagogical aspects of teaching about it. Initially, it presents the fundamental elements that underpin the phenomenon. The thesis explores the formation of news and its transmission to recipients, followed by an exploration of the concept of fake news. Furthermore, the thesis provides a historical overview of fake news, divides it into distinct periods, while also considering the impact of technological advancements on information dissemination. The discussion then delves into cognitive and social biases, highlighting their influence on individuals' susceptibility to fake news. The thesis subsequently introduces various literacies (information, media a digital) that can aid in combatting fake news, also presents initiatives of international agencies such as UNESCO and the European Commission, as well as the national strategy outlined in the Education Framework Programme. Additionally, the thesis examines existing methodologies that address the pedagogical aspects of teaching about fake news. Building on the theoretical part, the thesis develops teaching units that cover relevant topics related to fake news. These units encompass activities such as role-playing, critical analysis of texts, exploration of cognitive biases and the historical context of fake news. Most of these teaching units have undergone practical testing to ensure their effectiveness.
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Detection of Fake News Using Machine Learning
Koreň, Matej ; Zbořil, František (referee) ; Hříbek, David (advisor)
This thesis focuses on the use of machine learning in fake news detection. For this purpose, four models have been selected – Bayesian, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine and a Neural Network. In five experiments on various datasets, these models were trained, tested, evaluated and compared with state-of-the-art methods. Final implementation is in the form of a Python package, which allows it’s users to replicate this procedure with their own data. Beyond the assignment, Slovak dataset Dezinfo SK was created.
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Disinformation in Current Czech Media
ČÍŽKOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis will deal mainly with the concepts of disinformation and fake news, mainly in the Czech media space. It will summarize the concepts and definitions related to disinformation and the phenomena that help to spread it. The thesis will present the different motivations of individuals who spread disinformation, as well as the motivations of disinformation websites.
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Not True, but Could Be: Fake News in Current Czech Media
DOLEŽALOVÁ, Barbora
This diploma thesis deals with the phenomenon of fake news and disinformation mainly in the Czech media space, especially on Czech disinformation websites or social networks. The thesis will outline the issues surrounding the notion of fake news and its resolution within democratic regimes. Fake news and misinformation, with particular reference to 'gender ideology', the Istanbul Convention and racist narratives, will be viewed through the prism of intersectional feminism. Using specific visual and textual examples from disinformation websites, it will give examples and use the method of critical discourse analysis to show how the media in question work with text and visual elements and what discursive frames they communicate. The thesis maps the narratives of disinformation websites with respect to contemporary Czech political discourse.
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Hybrid threats and national security agenda
DOLEŽALOVÁ, Šárka
Hybrid threats and the state security agenda are currently very much debated topics. With the continuous development of IT technologies and changes in military and non-military tactics, hybrid warfare is gradually becoming the dominant way of conducting modern conflicts, which take place largely in cyberspace. The national security agenda is closely related to hybrid threats, as it describes the functioning of the security system of the Czech Republic, in connection with both conventional and modern security threats. The objectives of this thesis are three in total, it involves obtaining information about threats in cyberspace, and how to counter these threats, and further analyze the emergence and spread of so-called fake news that threatens human society. Last objective is to describe the so-called information war and the competence of the government against the spread of fake news. The theoretical part of this thesis first deals with basic definitions from the areas of state security, state security system, hybrid warfare, cyberspace and fake news. The selected topics are related to the current situation and specifics in the Czech Republic. Next part of the theoretical part describes discursive analysis, as it is a method used in the practical part of this thesis. The practical part focuses on the discursive analysis of fake news from the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The basic article is about summary of several fake news and correcting them. For each fake news, there was an effort to find a relevant article from the Czech media and to find out to what extent the opinions in them coincide and how individual events are perceived in the Czech Republic. The resulting analyzes answered the question from the assignment "What effect do fake nws have on the state security policy?" How can we stop the spread of fake news?" And thanks to them, all 4 goals were met.
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