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Using tests with destruents for ecotoxicological evaluation of soil quality
Rábová, Petra ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to determine the dehydrogenase activity of matrix samples that can enter the environment and the use of ecotoxicological tests to assess the quality of the affected soil. The effects of sludge, biochar samples, two landfill samples and a sediment sample were monitored. Ecotoxicology included tests on decomposers - tests of avoidance behavior (Eisenia fetida and Folsomia candida), acute, chronic and reproductive toxicity tests (Eisenia fetida) and Lactuca sativa root growth inhibition tests. The results indicate that dehydrogenase activity assays serve as a suitable complement to ecotoxicological tests. They provide valuable additional information on soil quality and sample effect after application to soil. The sediment sample had the least favorable effect on the activity of the enzyme and the vitality of the organisms, both in the determination of dehydrogenase activity and in ecotoxicological tests. Furthermore, it was found that biochar as a product of sewage sludge treatment is less toxic to organisms than the original sludge.
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VÝVOJ NOVÝCH RYBÍCH PRODUKTŮ PRO PŘEDŠKOLNÍ DĚTI
KALICOVOVÁ, Veronika
The aim of the diploma thesis was to develop newly innovative fish products. The intention is to increase fish consumption through new developed innovative fish products and proposed recipes. Fish supply healthy polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) to the human body, including eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are essential for the proper development of the human organism. 11 new products and 13 new recipes were developed, which were subsequently sensory evaluated by the main target group of consumers. Preschool children were chosen as the target group of consumers, because their consuming habits are established in this life period. The new fish products have met all legislative standards and limits of food safety. Nine products were positively evaluated by the target group. Five products were selected for further analyses (fish balls, fish burgers, fish ham, fish mistura, fish sausages). The issue was theoretically studied according to worldwide research studies. In practice, the project was implemented with coordinated comprehensive cooperation with nutritionists, fish product technologists, but also with preschool facility employees, children and their families. The output of this work are new fish products which are available on the market. Fish products were made from the muscle of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The market offer of nutritionally high-quality foods which have a positive impact on human health has been increased. At the same, time several recipes from the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) have been proposed as a guide for easy preparation of healthy dishes.
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Určení a kvantifikace mastných kyselin ve vybraných rybích produktech
ONDROUCH, Petr
Determination and quantification of fatty acids in chosen fish products This study is dealing with fatty acids, their nutritional value for human health and the prevention of cardiovascular and other civilization diseases. We introduced catfish Clarias gariepinus biology and importance for the aquaculture and also as a candidate for a valuable source of n-3 PUFAS. The chemical-analytical approach was used to determine content of fatty acids in chosen meat products from mentioned extraordinary fish. Extraction of lipids, derivatization of fatty acids and gas chromatography (GC FID) were performed. Furthermore, the meat products from the Clarias gariepinus were compared with classical pork products - sausages. The results showed that fish products seem to be a valuable source of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid, the "classical" sausages, on the contrary, contain none of the desired fatty acids. Additionally, the fish products are designed as sausages and therefore resemble the "classical" ones which could be attractive even for the conservative consumers. Consumption of fish products will lead to elevation of daily intake of n-3 PUFAs and thus positively influence the common health by preventing cardiovascular and other civilisation diseases.
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Using tests with destruents for ecotoxicological evaluation of soil quality
Rábová, Petra ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to determine the dehydrogenase activity of matrix samples that can enter the environment and the use of ecotoxicological tests to assess the quality of the affected soil. The effects of sludge, biochar samples, two landfill samples and a sediment sample were monitored. Ecotoxicology included tests on decomposers - tests of avoidance behavior (Eisenia fetida and Folsomia candida), acute, chronic and reproductive toxicity tests (Eisenia fetida) and Lactuca sativa root growth inhibition tests. The results indicate that dehydrogenase activity assays serve as a suitable complement to ecotoxicological tests. They provide valuable additional information on soil quality and sample effect after application to soil. The sediment sample had the least favorable effect on the activity of the enzyme and the vitality of the organisms, both in the determination of dehydrogenase activity and in ecotoxicological tests. Furthermore, it was found that biochar as a product of sewage sludge treatment is less toxic to organisms than the original sludge.
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Vliv eikosapentaénové a dokosahexaénové kyseliny na expresi vybraných genů podílejících se na modulaci zánětlivé reakce u modelového organismu
Charousová, Markéta
In my study thesis Effect of eikosapentaenoic and dokosahexaenoic acids on expression of selected genes, which participate in modulation of inflammatory reaction at model organism I evaluated expression of genes GPR120, PPARgamma, LBP, ICAM, Il-4, Il-10, Il-1beta and TGF-beta. As model organism was selected pig. The pigs were divided in two groups, the control group was fed with 2,5% addition of palmic oil (P), the second group was fed with 2,5% addition of fish oil. After 70 days long fattening was each group divided into halfs. One half of each group was stimulated LPS (P+ and R+). Liver and adipose tissue were collected, mRNA was isolated (Rneasa Mini Kit), after reverse transcription the expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. By almost every genes there was increase in expression after LPS stimulation in groups P+ and R+. between P- and R- the expression was same or a little bit higher in R-. R+ was allways bigger than R-. The hypothesis were that EPA and DHA should reduce expression in inflammation. This hypothesis was not proofed. I recomend further studies with the same model organism to refill the results.
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Analýza mastných kyselin ve vybraných tkáních prasat po aplikaci rybího tuku do krmné dávky
Hrazdilová, Zlata
Literar review of thesis is focused on clasification of lipids, fatty acids characteristics, particularly polyunsaturated acids n3 alpha linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid; and polyunsaturated acids n6. There is description of metabolic reactions. Degradation by beta oxidation, biosynthesis and conversion to eicosanoids. Function and effect of eicosanoids to organism and health, nutritional representation of this fatty acids, fortification of food sources, feed in interest of improvement health condition and functional foods producing. The practical part is focused on fatty acids analysis in muscular, liver and adipose tissue of pigs after feed fortification by 2,5 % fish oil and 2,5 % palm oil in the diet. Lyofilizated samples were derivatized and determinated by gas chromatography method. Results were evaluated by statistics program.
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Vplyv prídavku vybraných olejov na zastúpenie mastných kyselín v živočíšnych tkanivách a homeostázu cholesterolu u modelového organizmu
Hnatová, Martina
The theoretical part of my thesis is based on the general classification and characterization of dietary lipids, especially fatty acids, cholesterol and lipoprotein particles. Also, their transport and absorption mechanisms are described, as well as medical complications that are closely linked to excessive lipid consumption. One part is used for the description of lipid extractions and determination of fatty acids. The experimental part is focused on the analysis of fatty acids in samples of liver, adipose and muscle tissues of laboratory rats after the addition of palm oil, safflower oil, fish oil and Schizochytrium microalgae oil into their diets. Lyophilized tissue samples were extracted and derivatized, followed by gas chromatography fatty acid determination. The results were then statistically evaluated.
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Rozsah ukládání mastných kyselin z diet obohacených různými typy olejů ve svalovině pokusných živočichů
Toporská, Martina
The diploma thesis is divided into two parts – theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part I deal with fatty acids. Specifically, the diploma thesis describes the physiology of fatty acids and their analytical determination by gas chromatography. Furthermore, I focus on the chemical structure of fatty acids, their division, metabolism and influence on human nutrition. The practical part deals with the feeding experiment in Wistar Albino rats and the subsequent tissue collection of these animals for analytical determination of fatty acids in their muscle. The extent of deposition of selected fatty acids in rat muscle was studied. The feed was supplemented with the following oils: palm, safflower, fish and Schizochytrium algae extract.
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Vliv přídavku vybraných olejů na depozici mastných kyselin ve tkáních pokusných živočichů
Vymazalová, Pavla
The thesis contains a theoretical overview, which has focused on classification of lipids, fatty acids and their metabolisms, with emphasis on polyunsaturated fatty acids inclusive of their conversion to eicosanoids, functions and effects of eicosanoids on human health. Furthermore, the theoretical part of the thesis has focused on a food’s enrichment of polysaturated fatty acids n-3 and several possibilities of analytical determination of fatty acids. The practical part of the thesis has aimed attention at the determination of fatty acids in the liver, fat and muscles’ tissue of the experimental rats. The animals were fed with a standard feed mixture, which contains 5 % of fish oil, 5 % of palm oil, 5 % of safflower oil and 5 % of Schizochytrium algae extract. The obtained fat was extracted from the lyophilized samples followed by derivatization and analytical determination of the fatty acid derivatives by gas chromatography. From the results of the experimental part could be determined, that the addition of 5 % of fish oil to the feed mixture of the experimental animals increased the deposition of EPA and DHA in all examined tissues (p < 0.05). The addition of 5 % of the Schizochytrium extract to the animal’s feed mixture had an impact on the effective deposition of DHA and DTA in the examined tissues of all used oils (p < 0.05). Both of the previously mentioned oils can be considered as the most effective nutraceuticals for reducing the ratio of PUFA n-6/n-3 in the food. Unlike the addition of 5 % of safflower or 5 % of palm oil (as a control), ratios of PUFA n-6/n-3 were many times higher. Therefore, from the healthy point of view, this can be concluded as inappropriate.
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