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Optimization of kaoline flocculation process
Kurťák, Marek ; Švec, Jiří (referee) ; Šoukal, František (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with flocculation of Karlove Vary area kaolin raw materials, their sedimentation rate and correlation of the flocculation, and sedimentation properties with composition of a particular material. The research was composed of sedimentation rate monitoring, execution of COD test, and subjecting the materials emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma, ion chromatography and roentgen diffraction.
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Problems of humic matters as precursor of trihalomethanes (THMs) in water
Jelínková, Zuzana ; Dolejš, Petr (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
The bachelor’s thesis deals with qualities of humic matters, their origins, structures and occurrence in aquatic environment. There are suitable methods for determination of humic substances and processes used for their removing from water. The thesis describes disinfection of water and related origin of trihalomethanes. The aim of the experimental part of the thesis is to coagulate model humic water on the laboratory mixing column including suggestion of optimal dose of selected coagulation agent and comparison of effectivity of floccules separation by membrane filtration and centrifugation. Effectivity of the removal of humic matters was determined by measuring water absorbance at wavelengths 245 nm in a silica cuvette with optical 1 cm trajectory and at 387 nm in a glass cuvette with optical 5 cm trajectory. For evaluation of quality suspension concentration of residual iron of coagulation agent in water was determined.
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Aggregation reactions of chitosan in drinking water treatment
Leskovjanová, Jana ; Mega, Jaroslav (referee) ; Dolejš, Petr (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with treatment of surface waters containing humic substances. The most often used method of surface water treatment is coagulation with subsequent separation of aggregates. In this study, only perikinetic coagulation phase was studied. It is the phase when aggregates are formed by the Brownian motion only, i.e. without mixing. Separation of the formed aggregates was made by centrifugation. Coagulation tests were made under the laboratory conditions with model humic water. Humic substances were added from a concentrate, which was taken from a natural peatbog. The influence of temperature on the coagulation process was studied, ranging from 5 to 22 °C. Chitosan (natural biopolymer) was used as coagulant. In present, it is not used in Czech water treatment practice yet. No effect of temperature was observed when chitosan was used as coagulant. Influence of temperature was also studied with the use of aluminium and ferrous sulphates, which are used in common praxis as coagulation reagents. Influence of the temperature was observed and is in agreement with previously reported data of pilot-plant experiments by other researchers. Spectroscopic methods were used to evaluate the coagulation efficiency and determine residual concentration of aluminium and ferrous coagulant. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was determined for optimal doses. At first, coagulation tests were made under the laboratory temperature. This tests determined optimal aggregation time and optimal coagulant dose under low temperature. Afterwards, all coagulants used were compared at given temperatures.
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Nanoparticle treatment technology to improve their dispersibility for use in cemt composites
Závacký, Jakub ; Sťahel,, Pavel (referee) ; Hela, Rudolf (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the possibility of using the addition of nanoparticles to improve the properties of cement composites. The theoretical part summarizes the findings of research in this area with a focus on methods of dispersion of nanoparticles and their treatment for use in cement composites. The experimental part focuses on the comparison of methods of dispersion and plasma treatment of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoparticle solutions from the point of view of the agglomeration process. During this work, a method of systematic optical/visual monitoring of sedimentation/agglomeration was developed to complement sophisticated methods such as spectrophotometry (UV/Vis) and electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the effect of the addition of rGO on the properties of cement mortar, in the form of aqueous solutions prepared by the dispersion methods determined in the previous section, was investigated.
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Occurrence and removal of polluting organic substances during drinking water treatment
Prokopová, Michaela ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Brányiková, Irena (referee) ; Kříženecká, Sylvie (referee)
Water sources pollution by natural organic substances and anthropogenic micropollutants is a global problem with a significant impact on water treatability and drinking water quality. One of the current topics is the proliferation of algal and cyanobacterial cells and the associated release of algal organic matter (AOM). The presence of AOM in drinking water sources can deteriorate the water's taste and odour or serve as precursors of disinfection by-products., especially in the case of a high proportion of the non-proteinaceous AOM, which is difficult to remove by conventional coagulation/flocculation. A part of this thesis is devoted to the composition and characterization of AOM, its chemical coagulation and electrocoagulation, and the assessment of the ozonation of the non-proteinaceous AOM during drinking water treatment. The second part of this thesis deals with the occurrence, characterization and removal of persistent anthropogenic substances, namely microplastics (MPs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), during the drinking water treatment. Based on the results of ozonation of the non-proteinaceous AOM fraction (NP), it was found that ozonation caused a change in the surface charge, molecular weight or partial mineralization of NP, depending on ozonation conditions (O3 dose, pH...
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The influence of LDL-apheresis on aggregation of blood platelets, blood coagulation, and the effect of standard drugs.
Černotová, Veronika ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Čečková, Martina (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Veronika Černotová Supervisor: prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, PharmD., Ph.D. Consultant: Lukáš Konečný, MSc. Title of diploma thesis: The influence of LDL-apheresis on aggregation of blood platelets, blood coagulation and the effect of standard drugs LDL-apheresis is a method that removes LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) from the blood. It is used to treat familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), a genetic disorder causing high LDL-C levels and an early development of cardiovascular diseases. Blood platelets and coagulation system play an important role in these diseases and their activity is also affected by lipids. The aim of this thesis was to analyze possible differences in platelet aggregation and blood coagulation in patients suffering from FH. Two methods of treatment in this group were compared - lipid apheresis and PCSK9Ab (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 monoclonal antibodies). The observed parameters were also compared with age-matched healthy volunteers. Our cohort consisted of 15 patients and 15 healthy donors. Six patients were treated with lipid apheresis and also PCSK9Ab, six subjects only with PCSK9Ab. Platelet aggregation was measured with an impedance aggregometer using 7 different...
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Čerstvé a měkké sýry jako potenciální zdroj \kur{Encephalitozoon cuniculi}
VECKOVÁ, Tereza
The aim of this work was to determine the occurrence and prevalence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in goat's milk and faeces, and to evaluate the effect of pasteurization and curdling in goat cheese production on the infectivity of E. cuniculi spores for immunodeficient (SCID, CD4-/- and CD8-/-) and immunocompetent (BALB / ca C57BL/6) mice. Under experimental conditions, spores of E. cuniculi genotype II (557,000 spores in 1 g of cheese) remain viable in fresh cheeses treated by pasteurization at 72 ° C for 20 seconds and are able to cause infection in laboratory animals. Using nested PCR, specific DNA of E. cuniculi genotype I and genotype II was detected in eight of the nine goat cheeses purchased from various producers/breeders in the Czech Republic in the amount of 1 to 202 spores per 1 g of cheese. These cheeses were fed to immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice at a dose of 60 g/mouse within 24 days. The results of the experiment showed that spores of E. cuniculi genotype I and II remain viable in both fresh and soft cheeses and are able to cause infection in laboratory animals. Based on the results obtained, fresh and soft cheeses should be considered as a potential source of E. cuniculi infection for humans.
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Anti-hemostatické účinky serpinů z klíštěte \kur{Ixodes ricinus}
EDEROVÁ, Monika
Antihemostatic effects of four recombinantly produced serpins of the tick Ixodes ricinus (IRS 2, IRS 3, IRS 5 and IRS 8) were tested using a method of flow cytometry. Fluorescently labeled antibodies against platelet surface molecules were used to determine the difference in platelet aggregation and activation after incubation of samples with specific serpin. To see how serpins affect coagulation pathway, the prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time tests were performed.
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Functional analysis of tick salivary serine and cysteine protease inhibitors
KOTÁL, Jan
The proposed thesis focuses on the characterization of two protease inhibitors present in tick saliva. More specifically, the thesis presents immunomodulatory properties, biochemical specificity and structure of a cysteine protease inhibitor named Iristatin. Another characterized protein, IRS-8, comes from a serpin family (serine protease inhibitors) and inhibits blood coagulation and complement system in the host. Furthermore, the thesis provides a literature overview and discussion of tick salivary molecules in the context of tick-host-pathogen interaction, vaccination potential and medicine potential. Two review manuscripts, which are part of this thesis summarize the effects of tick saliva and protease inhibitors on host immune mechanisms.
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