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Ethical aspects of the use of behavioural insights in public policy making in the case study of the shared medication record
Havlíček, Petr ; Nekola, Martin (advisor) ; Kohoutek, Jan (referee)
The master's thesis is focused on the use of behavioural insights in public policy making. It presents possibilities and limitations that this approach brings in general and in the case study of shared medication record, describes the legislative framework and explores the ethical issues perceived by relevant stakeholders. The shared medication record is based on the principle of presumed consent of access doctors and pharmacists to the database of prescribed and dispensed medicines of the patient. He or she may thus make no effort to allow consent. If the patient does not agree with their access, he or she has the option of so-called opt-out, the granting of a prohibition of access. This type of public policy measure, i.e., nudge, is based on the libertarian paternalism. The paternalistic aspect in the shared medication record is represented by the protection of all citizens from possible unwanted medication interactions, the libertarian aspect is the possibility of opt-out.
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Choice Architecture and the Pension System in the Czech Republic
Polenova, Daria ; Štěpánek, Martin (advisor) ; Janský, Petr (referee)
This thesis analyzes the influence of behavioral economics on a pension system. The research was performed in order to compare Czech and Swedish pension plans from behavioral economics' point of view. Survey logistic regression was applied to analyze the differences and similarities in the opinions of Czech and Swedish citizens. Data used for the analysis were obtained from Eurobarometer 76.2 (2011). The results show that both nations have similar opinions regarding basic questions about pension. Yet, regardless the fact, that both nations support the idea of elder people delaying the retirement, the number of employed Czech seniors is sustainably lower, than the same number for Swedish elder residents. This supports the idea that Swedish pension plan, to which policymakers had applied some behavioral economics' principles, is doing better than Czech scheme in maximizing employment. Therefore, in fulfilling one of the retirement policy's main goals. And proves, that people can be influenced to postpone the retirement. Furthermore, the analysis shows that people tend to have unrealistic expectations and consequently cannot evaluate some situations correctly, and need to be given a "nudge" to prevent unwelcome impact on an individual's life and on a whole country's economy.
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Application of behavioural economics on pricing page.
Oravec, Jakub ; Stříteský, Václav (advisor) ; Lorenc, Václav (referee)
This paper discuses design and optimization of the price lists on the web-sites, using the knowledge acquired from the field of behavioural economics. To support the main goal of this paper, the quantitative experiment was conducted. This experiment was conducted through the web-site, where two different types of prices, set by application of a knowledge from behavioural economics and architecture of a choice were tested. To evaluate the data obtained, the descriptive statistics, hypothesis testing and revenue impact analysis have been used. Applying the data obtained as a result of the experiment, it has been found that different factors can influence the decision-making process and preferences of an individual deciding between different types of services. This testing proved the relation between the price list displayed and the choice of a subject of this experiment. At the same time, it was found that by using the best suitable design architecture of the online price list and by applying knowledge from the behavioural sciences, it is possible to positively influence the sale revenue and conversion of the chosen variant, with relatively low implementation costs, as it is demonstrated on the example of Czech market.
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The concept of libertarian paternalism in the recodification of Czech private law.
Mičková, Barbora ; Urban, Michal (advisor) ; Ondřejková, Jana (referee)
The master thesis The concept of libertarian paternalism in the recodification of Czech private law introduces a concept that works as an efficient synthesis of two different approaches to the relationship between the individual and the state: liberalism and paternalism. Libertarian paternalism deals mainly with the default system setting and setting of the recommendations and mechanism that are helpful in the decision making process of an individual as well as the whole society. The master thesis defines this concept, its main attributes and its tradition in the behavioral economics as well as its means and limits. The thesis shows how the use of this concept provides cheap and effective tools for nudging human decisions and behavior. The libertarian paternalistic approach in the law regulation is demonstrated in the new civil recodification, especially Civil Code 2012 as the fundamental act of civil law. The master thesis uses interdisciplinary approach to the topic, applying the perspectives of philosophy of law, economy, psychology and sociology.
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