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Native hyaluronan as a delivery system for hydrophobic drugs
Černá, Eva ; Mravec, Filip (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
The aim of this paper is to discover whether it is possible to use the native form of hyaluronic acid as a hydrophobic drug carrier for a targeted distribution in the body. In its structure, hyaluronic acid is a linear high molecular weight biopolysaccharide which is found in most living organisms. Hyaluronan is involved in many physiological processes and therefore is essential for the functionality of the human body. It is in most tissues of the human body, high concentration is in the skin, the vitreous body and is also observed in cancer cells that contain several receptors for hyaluronan. These receptors include CD44 and RHAMM. The interaction of the hyaluronic acid delivery system and the hydrophobic medicinal with these receptors could ensure a free passage for drugs to the affected tissue, where the release of the drug would destroy the affected cells. The drug would directly target the damaged tissue and did not burden the rest of the body like the cytotoxic agents do. In this paper the native form of hyaluronic acid, which we normally find in the human organism, was chosen as the carrier. Its properties do not stand above other carrier systems, but its biocompatibility and biodegradability in the body greatly exceed them. High molecular weight hyaluronic acid was used as a carrier and the hydrophobic dye sudan red G, a substance of similar properties, was used instead of a hydrophobic drug.
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Biological behavior of ovarian carcinoma and its relation to therapy
Bartáková, Alena ; Bouda, Jiří (advisor) ; Špaček, Jiří (referee) ; Svoboda, Tomáš (referee)
Structured abstract Hypothesis Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are subpopulations of cells which could contribute to tumor growth, metastasis formation and chemoresistance. CSCs can be detected by surface markers assessed by immunohistochemistry methods. A typical surface marker for CSCs is CD44 (standard form). We assumed, that CD44(s) could serve as a prognostic factor and marker of chemoresistance in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. The aim of study 1. To recruit group of patients with histologically verified epithelial ovarian carcinoma. 2. To evaluate prognostic significance of known prognostic factors in our series of patients. 3. To assess the expression of CD44 in specimens of primary tumors and specimens of implantation metastasis using immnunohistochemistry and analyze their correlation. 4. To evaluate the expression of CD44 in relation to known prognostic factors. To analyze the significance of CD44 expression evaluation for overall survival, disease-free interval and chemoresistance. To find CD44 positivity cut-off by using statistical methods Materials and Methods A retrospective study was performed on 87 patients with histologically verified EOC. All patients were tested for primary tumor specimens, 48 of them were tested with regard to both specimens of primary tumor and implantation...
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Understanding the interaction of antibodies and transcription factors with their ligands through structural biology
Škerlová, Jana
Understanding protein function highly benefits from the knowledge of its three-dimensional structure, especially in the case of protein-ligand complexes. Structural biology methods such as X-ray crystallography, SAXS and NMR are therefore widely used for structural studies of protein-ligand interaction. In this work, these methods were used to understand two biological processes involving protein interactions: X-ray structural analysis was used to study binding of effector molecule to a prokaryotic transcription factor. NMR and SAXS techniques were used to study interaction of a monoclonal antibody with its protein antigen. Transcriptional regulator DeoR negatively regulates the expression of catabolic genes for the utilization of deoxyribonucleosides and deoxyribose in Bacillus subtilis. DeoR comprises an N-terminal DNA-binding domain and a C-terminal effector-binding domain (C-DeoR), and its function is regulated by binding of a small-molecular effector deoxyribose-5-phosphate. We determined crystal structures of C-DeoR both in the free form and in complex with deoxyribose-5-phosphate. Structural analysis revealed unique covalent binding of effector molecule through a reversible Schiff-base double bond with an effector-binding-site lysine residue. The physiological nature of this binding mode was...
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Understanding the interaction of antibodies and transcription factors with their ligands through structural biology
Škerlová, Jana ; Maloy Řezáčová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Hrabal, Richard (referee) ; Obšil, Tomáš (referee)
Understanding protein function highly benefits from the knowledge of its three-dimensional structure, especially in the case of protein-ligand complexes. Structural biology methods such as X-ray crystallography, SAXS and NMR are therefore widely used for structural studies of protein-ligand interaction. In this work, these methods were used to understand two biological processes involving protein interactions: X-ray structural analysis was used to study binding of effector molecule to a prokaryotic transcription factor. NMR and SAXS techniques were used to study interaction of a monoclonal antibody with its protein antigen. Transcriptional regulator DeoR negatively regulates the expression of catabolic genes for the utilization of deoxyribonucleosides and deoxyribose in Bacillus subtilis. DeoR comprises an N-terminal DNA-binding domain and a C-terminal effector-binding domain (C-DeoR), and its function is regulated by binding of a small-molecular effector deoxyribose-5-phosphate. We determined crystal structures of C-DeoR both in the free form and in complex with deoxyribose-5-phosphate. Structural analysis revealed unique covalent binding of effector molecule through a reversible Schiff-base double bond with an effector-binding-site lysine residue. The physiological nature of this binding mode was...
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Study of some markers of human leukemia
Pospíšilová, Klára ; Jílek, Petr (advisor) ; Skálová, Lenka (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study Field: zbioanalytical chemistry Candidate: Klára Pospíšilová Thesis Supervisor: PharmDr. P. Jílek, PharmDr. Consultant: RNDr. P. Řezáčová, MD., Ph.D., Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Thesis Title: Study of some markers of human leukemia Abstract: Immunophenotyping of leukemia cells is an important part of leukemia diagnosis. Immunophenotype is determined by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies against antigens expressed by these cells. Antigen CD44 is one of many CD markers used in immunophenotyping of leukemias. Protein crystallography of a complex between CD44 antigen and its ligand, hyaluronate, bring more detailed information about the structure of the binding site, which may help develop strategies for influencing the binding and thus for potential therapeutic intervention.
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Detection and clonogenic assay of cancer stem-like cells using flow cytometry
Fedr, Radek ; Souček, Karel (advisor) ; Vaňhara, Petr (referee)
The Diploma Thesis deals with an implementation of the new method for an assessment of a cloning efficiency of the cancer stem cells separated by a high speed cell sorter. The cell-sowing on the microtitration plates was performed by the flow cytometry method in a combination with the high speed cell sorter. In the first part of the Diploma Thesis the new method was introduced and tested on the selected cell lines. The obtained results were compared with the results of the limiting dilution assay within four cell lines. As for the second part of my Diploma Thesis, the method was practically applied to analysis of the cloning capacity of two subpopulations of cE2 cells based on the expressions of characteristic markers of stem and cancer stem cells - CD44 and CD 133. Based on the findings, the new method can be introduced as an approved proceeding for the cloning capacity assessment of cancer stem cells in other workplaces that possess analogical device equipment.
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