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The role of BK polyomavirus in human cancer
Cirbusová, Adéla ; Saláková, Martina (advisor) ; Šroller, Vojtěch (referee)
BK polyomavirus is small uncoated DNA virus which is ubiquitous in human population. In imunosupresed individuals can cause severe diseases, specifically BK polyomavirus associated nephropathy (BKVaN) and hemoragic cystitidis. Except that, it is presumed that BKV may be responsible for some cases of human cancer. Some features of BKV could support this idea. There are three encoded oncoproteins in BKV genome. BKV is oncogenic in rodents, where induces multiple types of tumors and it can transform cell lines as well. Moreover, BKV DNA was found in many types of human cancer. All these facts suggest a possible role of BKV in human cancer. Bladder carcinoma in pacients after transplatation and prostate adenocarcinoma are the most likely candidates to link with BKV participation. There is no complete evidence though. Therefore, future studies are necessary to proof or even exclude BKV as a possible cause of human cancer. key words: BKV, cancer, LTag, prostate, bladder
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Effectiveness of Mitomycin administration in superficial bladder tumor
PEČINKOVÁ, Alena
This bachelory thesis deals with the possible occurrence of recurrence in superficial bladder tumors after administration of alkylating antibiotic Mitomycin C. If the relapse is proved, the thesis also deals with the finding of time spacing between relapses. This thesis is divided into a theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part the basic anatomical and functional properties of the bladder are described, as well as the risk factors that are a possible cause of bladder cancer and clinical symptoms. There is also described a bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment strategies. The last chapter deals with the incidence of recurrence of bladder cancer. Bladder cancer can be divided into a superficial and invasive carcinomas. Superficial tumors have several treatment options and a better prognosis than tumors invasive, however, superficial bladder cancer often leads to a disease recurrence and up to 50 % of all patients are affected by the relapse. Bladder cancer does not belong to the most common cancer, among men it is the 6th most common cancer, among women the 13th, but the incidence is rising. Bladder cancer affects mainly men, namely up to 75 % of the total number of the patients. The risk is much greater among smokers. The correlation between smoking and the development of bladder cancer has been demonstrated in several studies. The basic treatment for superficial bladder tumors is tranuretheral resection and intravesical chemotherapy or imunuterapiy. Radical cystectomy is the most common therapeutic procedure for invasive cancer . The practical part evaluates the data that I collected on the Oncology department of hospital in České Budějovice a.s. I have been given the medical report of 53 patients, and all patients were diagnosed with bladder cancer in 2011-2013 and were applied Mitomycin either immediately after the first detection of bladder cancer or the recurrence. The aim is to determine whether the recurrence occurs after a treatment of superficial bladder cancer with mitomycin, and if so, in what time frame. Collected data were summarized in tables and graphs showing patient's age, gender, histopathological grading and recurrence, including the time gap between the first capture of the tumor and its recurrence. Patients who were applied Mitomycin after the tumor recurrence, not at the first detection of the tumor, but even after the following application of Mitomycin a repeated relapse occured, I compared the temporal spacing between the first detection and relapse without Mitomycin and with Mitomycin administration. The evaluated data show that although Mitomycin does not prevent recurrences completely, it extends the time when the patient had negative results on recidivism by up to six month.
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