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The role of intestinal microbiota in the development of Alzheimer's dementia
Hakenová, Kristina ; Valeš, Karel (advisor) ; Vodička, Martin (referee)
Preserving health at a higher age depends on the function of biological homeostatic systems (neural endocrine and immune activities), where the biological interaction between these systems and the intestinal microflora plays a key role. One of the most serious diseases associated with aging is Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and it is the most common cause of dementia in the world. This disease is accompanied by cognitive impairment associated with accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary fibres in brain tissue. Naturally, biological changes occur during the process of aging, resulting in reduced functional capacity of the organism, accompanied by an increased risk of inflammatoryprocesses involved in the etiology of several chronic, pathologies, including neurodegenerative processes. These modulatory processes are associated with oxidative stress and intestinal dysbiosis. It is already well documented in the scientific literature that significant changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota occur in aging. These changes can lead to several biological changes, including increased permeability of the intestinal barrier, thereby causing the increased penetration of many biologically active substances into the body. This may be a risk factor for the development of inflammation in both...
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The role of intestinal microbiota in the development of Alzheimer's dementia
Hakenová, Kristina ; Valeš, Karel (advisor) ; Vodička, Martin (referee)
Preserving health at a higher age depends on the function of biological homeostatic systems (neural endocrine and immune activities), where the biological interaction between these systems and the intestinal microflora plays a key role. One of the most serious diseases associated with aging is Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and it is the most common cause of dementia in the world. This disease is accompanied by cognitive impairment associated with accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary fibres in brain tissue. Naturally, biological changes occur during the process of aging, resulting in reduced functional capacity of the organism, accompanied by an increased risk of inflammatoryprocesses involved in the etiology of several chronic, pathologies, including neurodegenerative processes. These modulatory processes are associated with oxidative stress and intestinal dysbiosis. It is already well documented in the scientific literature that significant changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota occur in aging. These changes can lead to several biological changes, including increased permeability of the intestinal barrier, thereby causing the increased penetration of many biologically active substances into the body. This may be a risk factor for the development of inflammation in both...
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Alzheimer disease: care in the hands of family members
Schmidová, Martina ; Di Cara, Veronika (advisor) ; Trávníčková, Ivana (referee)
The theme of this graduate thesis is Alzheimer disease: care in the hands of family members. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part is on a theoretical base and the second part is practical. The theoretical part defines ageing, dementia and Alzheimer disease. The theoretical part establishes a framework that served as a basis for the practical part, which describes a care in family environment. This theme was chosen because of the increase in the population with the disease. Is possible that medical facilities will not be able to handle that many patients, but children and grandchildren might be willing to take responsibility for their diseased parents and grandparents. The object of the thesis is to describe the care of patients with Alzheimer's disease at home, including the possible pitfalls, which can experience family members in the role of lay caregivers. The practical part describes a case-study of a patient - nursing process and the possibility of using the services of different organizations so that the patient can live as long as possible with his family. The thesis will be able to serve as an auxiliary material for families caring for loved ones with Alzheimer's disease at home and can also inform healthcare professionals in the relevant fields about the possibilities...
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Nutrition of seniors with Alzheimer's dementia
STAŇKOVÁ, Simona
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to evaluate, whether the nutrition state of the patients suffering Alzheimer's Disease is influenced by care provided. Using the qualitative research method, five patients suffering Alzheimer's disease from nursing home Velke Mezirici were compared to five patients suffering the same disease being provided home care. Semi-structured dialogues with nurses in nursing homes were used as well as dialogues with the nurses providing homecare. The aim was to elicit the level of patients' self-sufficiency, the chance of malnourishment and caregivers' burden. Another part was one-week recording of the food and liquids intake, which was consequently put in the NUTRISERVIS application to find out the amount of energy, nutrients and liquids intaking. Based on the BMI, the energy value and nutrients need were counted by every patient and the results were later compared to the results provided by NUTRISERVIS application. The research proves that the quality of the menus is usually better in nursing homes, which is caused by the nutrition specialist and planning the menus in advance as well as checking the patients' nourishment. By patients treated in the homecare, the menus are usually monotonous and not satisfactory. The reason seems to be not enough information about the importance of balanced menus or the lack of time of caregivers. The limits according to the NUTRISERVIS application are closer to the predetermined limits in nursing home Velke Mezirici. However, both by the nursing home and by the homecare there is a problem with the intake of both fluids and fiber. Based on the interviews done, it is obvious that most the participants do not take the link between Alzheimer's Disease and the nourishment into account. Having the menus regularly checked, however, is necessary by all the patients. What is more, homecare is preferred by the most of the patients that were asked. The thesis should be beneficial for homecare patients' caretakers. At the same time, it proves that the correct nourishment and menu making might have a positive effect on patients' well-being. The results provided should be taken into consideration by the nursing homes as well.
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Pharmacological animal model of Alzheimer's disease (rat model Samaritan) and mediator system of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and nitric oxide
Matušková, Hana ; Krištofíková, Zdena (advisor) ; Soukup, Ondřej (referee)
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder with the highest prevalence in the population and for which we do not have a cure so far. The aim of this thesis was to test the mediator system of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and nitric oxide in an animal model of sporadic form of Alzheimer's disease (Samaritan Alzheimer's Rat Model; Taconic Pharmaceuticals, USA). Then compare these results with changes in hippocampal cholinergic system and cognitive tests. The Samaritan rat model is based on the unilateral in vivo application of β-amyloid42 and the pro-oxidative substances (ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine). Neurochemical methods included testing of the NR1/NR2A/NR2B subunits of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and activity of nitric oxide synthases (neuronal, endothelial, inducible) in the cortex, in both cases in the right and left hemisphere separately. Our results show that Samaritan rats exhibited significant changes in expression of NR2A/NR2B subunits of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase in cortex compared to control rats. The results of glutamatergic system are consistent with changes in activity of cholinergic transporter and cognitive tests (Morris water maze and active allothetic place avoidance)....
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Study of Common Pathogenetic Factors of Alzheimer Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Vacínová, Gabriela ; Vaňková, Markéta (advisor) ; Lukášová, Petra (referee)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are aging-associated diseases that have rising prevalence in all industrialized countries. AD is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of cognitive functions. It is a complex disease which formation involves both genetic factors and environmental factors. The most important marker associated with this disease is the risk allele ε4 in APOE gene. From the latest genome-wide association study emerged another ten candidate genes. As the most significant from those genes appears the minority G allele of rs744373 polymorphism in the gene BIN1. AD is connected with many metabolic and immune disorders. To the markers of interest belongs also the new parameter visfatin which can act as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. T2DM is a chronic disease characterized by raised levels of blood glucose, which is also characterized by neurological disorders. In the case of both of these diseases can be found a large number of metabolic disorders. One of the most important disorders is insulin resistance. This thesis consists of two parts - the biochemical and genetic one. The biochemical part of the thesis studies the visfatin level in patients with AD and healthly control and studies whether visfatin is related to AD. In this part of the...
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Dementia seniros
Hvězdová, Kristýna ; Marková, Eva (advisor) ; Marsová, Jana (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with dementia. It describes kinds of dementia with their manifestations and changes of behaviour, depressive and anxiety conditions, which happends during this age period, too. Needs of such ill people and the principles of communication and work with them. The main objektive is to determine the needs and nursing interventions during disease progression in patient. In the practical part is to develop a case study of patient diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease with late onset. The research was carried out in a retirement home and a survey was conducted from March 2013 to October 2014. The technique of data collection was based on interwieves and tests of congnitive ability (MMSE) with measured points 17 and 0. The results of the research showed that the patient experienced mild cognitive impairment has been able to aktive, dignified and fulfilled life, Of course there was the fulfillment of daily needs alone. As the disease progresses, a year and a half later, they have to be these basic needs for self-care performed by another person. The differences were apparent in the food and fluid intake, excretion, movement and communication. Alzheimer's disease is currently incurable disease. Proper care, communications and sufficient emphaty can provide longer quality and...
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Neuropsychological correlates of conversion to dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment
Šiffelová, Kamila ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Krámská, Lenka (referee)
Identification of individuals with low and high risk for future dementia has emerged as an important clinical and public health issue. To address this issue, we compared two commonly used memory tests initially in non-demented elderly persons with subjective memory complaint or mild cognitive impairment and followed them for an average of two years. The first test called Enhanced Cued Recall (ECR), provides support for the semantic encoding of memorandum at the time of the study and supplies category cues at the time of retrieval whereas the second test, the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), does not support this paradigm. In this retrospective study, we compared initial neuropsychological performance of patients from the Memory Disorders Clinic in the Department of Neurology at Motol University Hospital. The results were analyzed among the patients who developed dementia and those who did not. Then, the prediction abilitities of the two measures of memory were compared. Our results showed that the test AVLT predicts incident dementia better than the test ECR. The group likely to develop dementia becomes a target for early therapeutic interventions. Keywords: prediction of dementia, conversion to dementia, Alzheimer's disease, test AVLT, test ECR
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