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Obligational means of securing claims in the international trade
Micikowska, Natalia ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Rozehnal, Aleš (referee) ; Zahradníčková, Marie (referee)
Obligational means of securing claims in the international trade Abstract The subject of this dissertation is obligational means of securing claims and their functioning in the commercial transactions with international coverage. The thesis is primarily concentrated upon the statutory securing instruments most often encountered in practice i.e. surety, financial (bank) demand guarantees, contractual assignment of receivables causa cavendi, letters of credit and letters of intent. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part deals with the introduction into the subject of negotiable instruments of securing obligations, provides an overview of the historical development of selected instruments, endeavours to outline the difference between the securing instruments conceived as rights in rem and those seen as obligations and eventually raises the issue of methodology. Afterwards the analysis is carried out on two levels: in the second part the author focuses on the applicable approach in determining the governing law in accordance with international and national regulations and afterwards on the topic of the unified norms developed by the international organisations that may be relevant in the light of the thesis' subject-matter. In this regard the works of the International Chamber of Commerce in...
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The letter of credit contract and the collection contract
Chabr, Jan ; Liška, Petr (advisor) ; Elek, Štefan (referee)
The letter of credit contract and the collection contract The diploma thesis deals with the topic of the Direct Debit Contract and the Letter of Credit. A Letter of Credit is a special payment instrument issued as a rule by a bank that the principal has undertaken to pay to the person in whose interest the Letter of Credit is open and designated as the authorized amount up to the amount agreed. The Direct Debit is the commitment of the collector of receivables to obtain from the third party a receipt of a sum of money or other Direct Debit. Current legislation, contained in the Civil Code, took over the legal regulation of the Letter of Credit and the Direct Debit from the Commercial Code without any major changes. Both institutes show a number of identical and different elements. From a practical point of view, it is not possible to look for serious application problems in the Letter of Credit or Direct Debit. Keywords: Letter of Credit, Direct Debit, Banking, Bank, Payment Instruments, The Collection Contract
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Securing of contractual obligations in the international trade (economic and legal aspects)
Mišoň, Petr ; Švarc, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Koucká, Jiřina (referee)
The first part of the thesis deals with a description of legal relationships in the international trade and explains the term "international element." Further there is a short description of private international law and international trade law. The second part of the thesis is focused on securing of contractual obligations in the international trade. The third part concerns with explanation of the basic forms of legal relationships in the international trade regulation with regard to securing of contractual obligations. The final part of the thesis deals with a description of securing instruments used in the international trade. At the end of this part there are listed factors which influence the choice of a suitable securing instrument.
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Documentary letter of credit
Látalová, Eva ; Jablonský, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor's work deals with course of documentary letter of credit. It clarifies the motivation of traders to use this metod of payment. Moreover part of this work shows the documentary letter of credit in the form of swift message.
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Prevention of risks in international trade
Verner, Jan ; Sato, Alexej (advisor) ; Šembera, Jan (referee)
International trade goes hand in hand with the humankind since man discovered the fact that some items could be exchanged for others. It is the same with risks which are bounded with international trade since its beginning. The thesis is divided into three main parts. The first part is focused on defining and characterizing risks of international trade according to their origin. The second part describes the most common ways how to avoid these risks. The third part contains detailed analysis of two transactions of the company SOMA spol. s.r.o. on which is this knowledge demonstrated.
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Dokumentárny akreditív a zmeny vyvolané revíziou UCP 600
Daňo, Peter ; Černohlávková, Eva (advisor)
Práce charakterizuje dokumentární akreditiv jako jeden z významných platebních a zajišťovacích instrumentů v mezinárodním obchodě. V jednotlivých kapitolách jsou uvedené výhody a nevýhody jeho použití, typy dokumentárních akreditivů, použitelnost akreditivu a dokumenty používané při akreditivních operacích. Poslední kapitola je zaměřená na eUCP, elektronický akreditiv a systémy elektronického akreditivu.
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Vývoj pravidel pro dokumentární akreditivy se zaměřením na revizi z roku 2006
Nejedlý, Michal ; Jelínková, Eva (advisor) ; Vlčková, Veronika (referee)
Práce se zabývá vývojem platebního instrumentu dokumentární akreditiv od jeho počátků po současnost. Po úvodním popisu principu jeho fungování následuje rozbor vztahu Mezinárodní obchodní komory k akreditivům. Druhá část pojednává o jednotlivých historických etapách vývoje dokumentárního akreditivu v podobě revizí UCP v průběhu celého 20. století. Jádro práce tvoří porovnání Jednotných pravidel a zvyklostí pro dokumentární akreditivy UCP 500 s nejnovější revizí UCP 600, a to z formálního i obsahového hlediska.
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Úloha dokumentárních akreditivů v mezinárodním obchodě
Formanová, Lenka ; Sato, Alexej (advisor) ; Kvasnička, Zdeněk (referee)
Práce popisuje kupní smlouvu a její náležitosti. Charakterizuje dokumentární akreditiv jako jeden z nejvýznamějších platebních a zajišťovacích instrumentů v mezinárodním obchodě. Zabývá se výhodami a nevýhodami použití dokumentárního akreditivu, hlavními principy dokumentárního akreditivu, vztahy mezi účastníky akreditivní operace a popisem celého průběhu akreditivní operace. Dále jsou zde zachyceny jednotlivé druhy dokumentárních akreditivů. Závěrem jsou nastíněny nové trendy v oblasti dokumentárního platebního styku.
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Usage of documentary payment instruments in financing the international trade
Šťastná, Vladimíra ; Schlossberger, Otakar (advisor)
The objective of the diploma thesis is to describe the documentary payment instruments mainly their legal regulation, define their main advantages and disadvantages in connection with foreign trade, describe the types of these payment instruments, define participants of the relationships, the future development of both instruments etc. After the theoretical part the analysis of the documentary payment instruments under chosen criteria is performed. The total volumes of letter of credits issued and confirmed by three czech banks within period 1997 -- 2007 are compared and the trends of their development are theoretically explained. The bank fees regarding to letter of credits and documentary collections are compared as well.
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