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Executive decree authority in parliamentary systems: case study Italy
Tošnerová, Monika ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Vymětal, Petr (referee)
This thesis analyzes use of extraordinary legislative instruments with a special focus on executive decrees. Executive decrees are analyzed in terms of their theoretical definition and their practical use in connection with other executive and legislative powers. The main part of the study is dedicated to the case study which analyzes the frequent use of executive decrees in Italy. The aim of the thesis is to determine causes of this phenomenon, examine how the use of executive decrees affects the democratic functioning of parliamentary democracy, and to find general tendencies of use of executive decree power across different political systems. The study therefore contains also a comparative analysis of the Italian case with other chosen countries - Argentina, Brazil and Spain, whose constitutions also allow executive power to promulgate decrees.
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Techniques and security in cases of fraud of selected types of Electronic banking
Abu Dayeh, Christián ; Půlpánová, Stanislava (advisor) ; Šafařík, Miroslav (referee)
The main topic of the thesis are different methods of Electronic banking fraud and options of Electronic banking security. The history of Electronic banking and current legal regulations including definition of some ambigious terms are described in the first part. In this part there are also described means of remote access to Electronic banking, which also outlines present options of online communication with the bank. Analysis of different methods and practical forms of fraud of different kinds of Electronic banking are described in the next part. The fraud of payment cards and internet banking are those that are mostly specified. Various types of security and fraud prevention including solutions of problems that may arise are outlined in the last part. Responsibility for fraud is portrayed in the very last part of the thesis.
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Foreknowledge of Kindergarten Teachers in the Ceske Budejovice about CAN Syndrome
DIVOKÁ, Iva
This bachelor thesis concetrates on the problem of the CAN syndrome. I chose this topic to find out if the kindergarten teachers in České Budějovice are faced with this problem and if they have sufficient knowledge about it. The thesis consists of a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part has got four main chapters. The first chapter defines the Child Abuse and Neglect syndrome and looks into its history. The second chapter describes in detail the various forms of the CAN syndrome we can encounter. The third chapter concentrates on the consequences of child abuse. Here I describe the mental deprivation, the post-traumatic stress disorder and the trans-generational transfer. Prevention plays an important role, so the fourth chapter concentrates on it. I explain what constitutes primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. The goal of the practical part is to find out how informed the kindergarten teachers in České Budějovice are about the CAN syndrome; what is their attitude to this problem and how often do they encounter it. I also postulated a hypothesis, wherein I assume that a college educated person is more informed about the CAN syndrome than a person with high school education. The statistical evaluation has shown that to be the case. The hypothesis was evaluated using the chi quadrate test in Microsoft Excel. The practical part also describes my work method. The research used quantitative strategy. I gathered the needed data by questioning. I prepared my own questionnaire, fully anonymous, consisting of eleven questions focused on the respondents' knowledge of the CAN syndrome. The questionnaire consisted of closed, semi-closed and open questions. The data collecting took place in kindergartens in České Budějovice. 63 questionnaires were handed out, with a return of 84%. It is clear from the results that people with college education are more informed about the CAN syndrome than people with high school education. This became obvious mainly when the respondents were asked to define the syndrome. College educated people were also more familiar with the various forms of the syndrome. As for the attitude to the problem, no teacher with college education had said they would not inform anyone about such a situation, while someone with a high school education had. The thesis could be used by the teachers to gain more scientific information about the CAN syndrome. It could help them prevent violence on children or to recognize the problem sooner. The thesis could also be a good source of information for the general public.
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Nursing care about a patient under the influence of alcohol
TOMAŠÁKOVÁ, Zuzana
Abstract- Nursing Care for a Patient under the Influence of Alcohol This bachelor's thesis deals with the topic of nursing care for patients who are under the influence of alcohol. "Alcohol is the most spread and widely used psychoactive drug that is greatly accepted within our socio-cultural environment" (Fišer S., J. Škoda, 2009, p. 99). Today's hurried times influence greatly both the psychological and economic aspects of our lives. Therefore, there are many people who, when suffering from a stressful situation, decide to reach after alcohol as a crutch that should mitigate all negative impacts of today's times. But only a handful of them realize that alcohol does not solve any of these problems but rather worsens the situation, whether in the family or in the job. Alcohol causes serious health problems to manypeople and consequently they are forced to seek help in health-care facilities. In a worstcase scenario, it can happen that they end up on the streets and become homeless.Frequently, especially during winter, they have to be taken to a hospital. After the examination they are either hospitalized or, if not seriously injured, referred to a sobering-up centre. Of course, this situation also concerns other people who are under the influence of alcohol, not only the homeless. The nursing care of these patients has to face many problems, whether in terms of communication or aggressiveness. In the theoretical part of the thesis we discussed the terms alcohol, its history, its influence on our organism, the problematic of alcohol drinking among young people, blood and breath alcohol testing, origins and development of the alcohol addiction and its consequences. Moreover, we have examined the impact of alcohol on an individual's social environment, communication, aggression, the patient - nurse relationship, professional deformation and burn-out syndrome. Two objectives were created to comply with the plan. Objective No.1: To describe the approach of nurses to patients who are under the influence of alcohol. Objective No.2: To find out what issues have to face the nurses who take care of patients under the influence of alcohol. Consequently, two research questions were framed. Research question No.1: What are the specifics of the nursing care of a patient affected by alcohol. Research question No.2: What is the approach of nurses to patients who are under the influence of alcohol. The practical part of this thesis contains the results of a qualitative research that is based on an in-depth semi-structured interview conducted with nurses from the hospital Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s. We have approached twelve nurses to take part in this research; the only condition was their work in a ward where they frequently meet with patients under the influence of alcohol. Therefore, we have cooperated with nurses working in emergency department, in intensive care unit and in internal intensive unit. Subsequently, based on the open coding method, every nurse was assigned with a number (from one to twelve). The lines in the thesis mentioning the nurses' answers were numbered in order to refer to them. Using the method of "paper and pencil" important information was highlighted in the text and subsequently, the "showdown" technique was used to divide the gained data into five categories that were then divided into subcategories. The research investigation has provided answers to both research questions. The interviewed nurses stated that the main problems concerning the work with patients under the influence of alcohol are communication, as they have to communicate with these patients very carefully, calmly, to inform them in most cases only about the most important steps, and aggression which is a very common consequence of drunkenness. The cooperation with the police also becomes an integral part of the nursing care of patients under the influence of alcohol, because the saf.
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The role of the teacher in the issue of CAN
VOLKOVÁ, Andrea
The aim of this thesis was to monitor the school community's awareness about the issue Syndrome CAN and the ability and willingness of teachers to solve such situations. The theoretical part was focused on the characteristics of the CAN syndrome, its forms, manifestations and causes. This part was also given to the legislation and prevention. The research was attended by a total of 148 teachers of kindergartens and elementary schools situated in South Bohemia and Highland. Four hypotheses were defined for the research purposes, three of them: 1/"the educational community admits that the availability of information about the syndrome CAN should be improved",2/"if the teachers knew about incidents of violence, neglect or abuse of a child they would be willing to solve this situation and not 3/"the teachers are not fully confident that they could recognize the symptoms of the syndrome CAN", were confirmed. The hypothesis that the teachers know how to deal with the situation when the violence, neglect or child abuse is revealed wasn´t confirmed. According to the research the teachers are not convinced or do not know how to deal with the situation when they are confronted with abused or neglected child. The data were statistically processed and evaluated.
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Dealing with presentment in practice of choosen KHS Czech Republic and the issue of extraordinary events related to the methanol scandal.
LEŠTINOVÁ, Jana
In my master thesis, I have been mapping the work of regional hygiene stationswhile solving problems and providing services during exceptional situations in the methanol cause. For the practical part, I have decided to use the combination of the quantitative and the qualitative type of research. To gather the data, I have created a questionnaire that was composed of five open-ended questions. I have used an electronic way of distributing the questionnaire to all of the 14 regional hygiene stations of the Czech Republic. Unfortunately, there were only three hygiene stations that provided the needed data. The three participating hygiene stations were: KHS of South Bohemia region residing in ČeskéBudějovice, KHS of Vysočina region residing in Jihlava, and KHS of West Bohemia region residing in Plzeň. The secondary analysis of data was used to analyze and evaluate the given answers. For the needs of questionnaire examination, there has been created another questionnaire. It was composed of 14 closed questions that were mainly related to the knowledge and attitude of respondents to the given topic. All of the 206 respondents were residents of South Bohemia region. The questionnaire was posted on several internet web pages, and the research took place from March 2014 to July 2014. I have set several goals of the research. The first goal was to discover the number of incentives to be solved that were accepted by the three participating hygiene stations between the years 2008 and 2013. During the past six years, KHS of South Bohemia region, KHS ofVysočina region, and KHS of West Bohemia region experienced the growing trend in the number of incentives accepted. The lowest number of incentives accepted in KHS of South Bohemia region was in 2009, in KHS of Vysočina region in 2009 and 2010, and in KHS of West Bohemia in 2011. On the other hand, the highest number of incentives was experienced by all hygiene stations during the year 2013, and the number was significantly higher than in previous years. Another goal was to discover the number of alcohol accepted by KHS of South Bohemia during the methanol cause, the number of alcohol tested, and also the proportion of harmful alcohol that contained either methanol of isopropanol. In the South Bohemia region, there were 670 samples being tested during December 2012. Out of the 670 samples, there were 16 harmful samples, as 11 of them got over the technological limit of isopropanol contained, and 5 of methanol contained. Part of the master thesis was also to map the awareness of South Bohemia region residents of the methanol cause, and tolearn about their estimation on being able to recognize harmful alcohol by themselves without having it tested. The results have shown that 206 people which is equal to 100% of respondents were aware of methanol cause, and that they had at least basic information about it. 45 (22 %) respondents believed that they were able to recognize harmful alcohol by themselves, and 53 (26 %) respondents did not know about the possibility of having the alcohol tested by the hygiene stations. Out of all 153 well-informed respondents, only 3 (2 %) had their alcohol tested. The last goal of my master thesis was to discover the residents' opinion on hygiene stations. Concretely, I wanted to determine whether respondents would use a guide on how to report a complaint or an incentive. 100 % (206) of respondents have agreed on the fact that it would be useful if such a guide would be present on the web pages of each hygiene station. The research has also shown that 203 (99 %) respondents have answered that they assume that state administration bodies should be more helpful when giving information.Only 3 (1 %)respondents answered that the attitude of state administration is good enough.
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Problems of nursing care for suspected CAN syndrome affected children
ZASADILOVÁ, Klára
The subject of this thesis is the Nursing Care of Children with Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect Syndrome (CAN). The child abuse and neglect syndrome is one of the most serious transgressions committed against children in today?s society. One of the most important steps is to reveal, or just suspect, CAN Syndrome and follow this up with comprehensive child care. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical sections. The theoretical section deals with a historic look at child care, the different forms of abuse and neglect, a clinical picture of CAN Syndrome, the examination of a child, nursing care, the role of a nurse, the treatment of CAN, and finally the incidence and prevention of CAN. Five objectives were laid down in the thesis. The first objective was to map the specific aspects of the nursing care of children suspected of having CAN Syndrome. Two research questions were posed regarding this objective: What are the aspects of the nursing care of children suspected of having CAN Syndrome? And the second research question: In which cases are nursing care of children suspected of having CAN Syndrome specific aspects adhered to? The second objective was to determine whether health care workers are able to recognise the indications of CAN Syndrome. The third objective was to assess the theoretical and practical knowledge of health care workers when treating children suspected of having CAN Syndrome. The last two objectives were to create a standard of nursing care for children suspected of having CAN Syndrome and to determine the frequency of the incidence of CAN Syndrome. Three hypotheses were set forth regarding the research objectives: H1 The informedness of paediatric nurses about CAN Syndrome is greater than the informedness of other health care workers, H2 The informedness of university-educated health care workers is greater than health care workers with a secondary school education, H3 The informedness of health care workers with more experience is greater than the informedness of health care workers with less. In order to achieve the laid down objectives, quantitative and qualitative research was conducted. The results of the research can be utilised as a source of information for health care workers for the further improvement of nursing care and as educational materials for the teaching of future health care workers. The output of this thesis is a nursing care standard, which according to the results of the research would be welcomed by a majority of the respondents and which would assist nursing staff in the diagnosis and care of a child with CAN syndrome.
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Specifics of social work with the elderly at risk syndrome Elder Abuse and Neglect
KRÁLOVÁ, Iveta
This diploma thesis deals with problems of the Elder Abuse and Neglect Syndrome, that is abuse, mistreatment and neglect of senior citizens. The diploma thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is further divided into nine chapters. Ageing, senescence as well as biological, mental and social changes are described in the first chapter. The next chapter is devoted to the phenomenon of ageism, its sources and manifestations of discrimination by caretakers. Domestic violence and its specifics are defined in the third chapter, where the myths of domestic violence are included as well. The fourth chapter deals extensively with the EAN syndrome. All possible sorts/types of the violence (i.e. physical, psychical, economical, sexual etc.) are described in this chapter. The following chapter is devoted to the root causes, risk factors, diagnosis and possible consequences of abuse and neglect of senior citizens. General profile of the victim/abuser, preventive measures and possible solutions of this phenomenon are described in this chapter too. General information about where to get help if needed can be found in chapter six. The last three chapters of this diploma thesis dwell on the social work with senior citizens, crisis intervention in person and crisis intervention by phone. The second part of this diploma thesis is of practical nature. The purpose of it was to find out whether selected social workers (caring professional staff) are well informed of and familiar with the EAN syndrome, whether they have direct experience with any abused elderly person, and what tools are being used when dealing with the studied phenomenon. I used the qualitative research design for the data gathering, the method of questioning and the technique of semi-controlled interview. The qualitative research was executed in the period of November 2012 to February 2013 in the form of semi-structured interview in Třebíč and in České Budějovice. The selected workers - social workers, caretakers and nurses - participated in the research conduct. The workers of selected facilities were chosen according to whether they fitted in with the elaborated framework of quota sampling. The final group was made up of 10 respondents (10 women). The respondents were between the ages of 35 to 55 years. The semi-controlled interview with selected social workers was made on the basis of predetermined questions in a fixed order. Outcomes of the interviews were processed in the form of interview analysis. After the processing of the results I found out, that all workers in selected facilities in Třebíč and in České Budějovice are not sufficiently aware of the problems of the EAN Syndrome. Furthermore, the research revealed that 8 out of 10 respondents had direct experience with mistreated, abused and neglected elderly person. Economic abuse was the most common one along with self-neglect and rude behavior from the caring staff. The last, third aim of the practical part of my diploma thesis was to find out what tools of social work are being used by workers when dealing with elderly persons suffering the EAN Syndrome. Interview was the most commonly used tool of social workers in selected facilities. The next tools are reporting the situation to the superior staff, getting in touch with experts in the field (i.e. psychologist, psychiatrist), social unions and the police. After the processing of the results I reached the conclusion. Despite the fact that selected workers face various kinds of abuse, mistreatment and neglect of elderly persons, they are insufficiently informed about the EAN Syndrome.
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Euthanasy from the sight of medical staff in picked-up South-Bohemian hospitals
OPOVÁ, Lenka
The main topic of this thesis was to find out how people view today the issue of euthanasia and what arguments they see for and against its legalization. The theoretical part is focused on the history of suicide and abuse of euthanasia in Nazi Germany, the legislation and attitude of individual states that permit or tolerate the merciful death or assisted suicide and the opinions of some Czech personalities. The empirical part expresses the views of nurses and with the help of a quantitative research, we are trying to find out if they are adequately informed in this field. By using an anonymous questionnaire we learn whether they agree or disagree with the legalization of euthanasia in the Czech Republic and whether their age, department they work in and the frequency of meetings with the dying patient has an effect on their opinion.
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Psychosocial consequences of maltreatment, abuse and neglect in chilhood
LEITGEBOVÁ, Zdeňka
The bachelor´s thesis at hand focuses on psychosocial consequences of insufficient or defektive childcare, which involves disproportionately harsch physical punishments, sexual abuse and/or lack of sufficient expressions of love and acceptance. Children affected by these adverse events face major problems in their later lives and their behaviour, attitudes and lifestyle in further life stages, especially in adolecence, may be harmful to society. The objective of the thesis was to recognize the effects of maltreatment, abuse and neglect in childhood in the girls living in the Educational Institution in Jindřichův Hradec. The second objective was to identify what subjective needs we can see in girls suffering from CAN syndrome who were put in the Educational Institution in Jindřichův Hradec. The quelitative survey carried out in connection with the topic in question used the theory anchored in deasing. The method employed in collecting data involved interrorgations using the technique of semi-structured interview. Qualitative content analysis was selected as the method for data processing. The research target group comprised of 10 girls who had been subject to maltreatment, abuse and neglect in their childhoods and who have been assigned to live in the Educational Institution in Jindřichův Hradec. The outcome of the survey schows that the selected girls who were subject to abuse in their childhoods suffer from depressions, apprehensions, anxieties, and embarrassment. Commonly , they schow low self-esteem and no trust in themselves and people around. Other frequent consequences of CAN (child abuse and neglect) syndrome, which the girls mentioned in the guided interviews, include experiments with addictive substances, aggression, and self-aggression. Current needs that the girls quoted most frequently included: need for family, partner, freedom, but also continuous attention of another person. The survey suggests that the girls have an unsatisfied need for harmony, understanding and love. The results of the survey may be used while completing individual plans of care for the girls assigned to the Educational Institute in Jindřichův Hradec. The thesis might serve as an inspiration for those who work with developmentally traumatized children and youth for special educators and other specialists working in other institutions around the Czech Republic.
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