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Changes of internal organs after percutaneous exposure to sulfur mustard
Šulová, Veronika ; Červený, Lukáš (advisor) ; Vokřál, Ivan (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Veronika Šulová Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Lukáš Červený, Ph.D. External supervisor: pplk. doc. MUDr. Jaroslav Pejchal, Ph.D. et Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Changes of internal organs after percutaneous exposure to sulfur mustard Sulfur mustard is a chemical warfare agent belonging to the group of blistering agents. The theoretical section of the thesis is mainly focused on the description of acute toxic effects, the mechanism of action, and deals with the current possibilities of poisoning therapy. The experimental section is focused on monitoring the effect of sulfur mustard poisoning in the liver, lung, and kidney of female C57BL/6J mice after the percutaneous administration. This work aimed to evaluate markers of oxidative stress and histopathological changes of the selected organs at 3, 5, and 7 days after the poisoning. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) methods were used to determine markers of oxidative stress. Histopathological changes were evaluated microscopically using the hematoxylin-eosin staining method. The airness of the lung parenchyma was also assessed by computer image analysis. First, the LD50 of sulfur mustard was...
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Mechanical properties and structure of the aluminum alloy after heat treatment
Roleček, Jakub ; Julišová, Martina (referee) ; Juliš, Martin (advisor)
The presented bachelor´s thesis deals with the influence of heat treatment especially artificial aging on mechanical and structural properties of AlSi7Mg0.6 alloy. Cylindrical test bars of diameter 6 mm and 9 mm cast into a self-supporting ceramic shell made by plaster investment technology were used as experimental samples. These test bars were cast by Alucast whereas the patented technology of casting- JF casting was used. On the test bars was carried out the T6 heat treatment according to the Standards AMS 2771C. After the solution annealing were test bars divided to the six groups and put through various time of artificial aging, namely from 2 to the 12 hours. In order to evaluate the effect of the time of artificial aging on the structure and mechanical properties of both diameters of the test bars, the method of light microscopy, Brinell hardness test and static traction test were used. Also SDAS quantification was carried out by means of image analysis. On the grounds results of experiments it is possible to state, that the best values of mechanical properties of both diameters of the cylindrical test bars were reached after 10 hours of artificial aging.
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Influence of location of Al castings in a heat treatment furnace on mechanical properties
Toufar, Tomáš ; Vašťák, Patrik (referee) ; Horenský, Jiří (advisor)
The present Master thesis deals with location of aluminium castings in the heat treatment furnace and its influence on mechanical properties. As testing samples for the experimental part, tensile bars were used; they were cast from the subeutetic silumin AlSi7Mg0,6. These samples were placed in the furnace in the locations where temperatures were calibrated by the furnace supplier. Then, tensile tests were performed to evaluate the resulting mechanical properties of the samples. The experiment was carried out in the foundry of non-ferrous metals, MESIT foundry Ltd., Uherské Hradiště.
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Heat treatment of aluminum alloy AlSi7Mg0,6 fabricated by metal 3D printing
Zabloudil, Jan ; Malý, Martin (referee) ; Koutný, Daniel (advisor)
Author tries to obtain new information about the influence of different heat treatments on SLM fabricated AlSi7Mg0,6 alloy, its mechanical properties and residual stress. For this purpose were chosen parameters of heat treatment based on previous research of other authors. With the use of normalised tensile strength test specimens and special specimens for analysis of deformation caused by the residual stress were the influences studied. Author checked the influence of stress relieving annealing, parameters of precipitation hardening and artificial ageing on mechanical properties and residual stress in the material. Results can help fabrication of studied material to receive required properties and eliminate the deformation caused by the residual stress.
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Optimisation of heat treatment of aluminium alloy AlSi7Mg0,6
Julišová, Martina ; Klakurková, Lenka (referee) ; Juliš, Martin (advisor)
The presented diploma thesis deals with various types of quenching and their respective effects on mechanical and structural properties of AlSi7Mg0.6 alloy castings. Cast with precision casting technology into a self-supporting ceramic shell made by plaster investment technology, flat test bars cast by Alucast were used as experimental samples. Sample castings were used in both cast state and after T6 heat treatment. Air-flow and air-water combination with varying water passage (spraying) were used as the quenching media in the quenching process of the castings. In order to evaluate the effect of five different quenching processes on the structure and mechanical properties of the castings, the method of light microscopy, Brinell hardness test and static traction test were used. Evaluation and porosity and SDAS quantifications were carried out by means of image analysis. Experiments did not prove right the hypothesis holding that low SDAS values inevitably mean higher mechanical properties of the castings. On the other hand, distinct is the negative influence of heterogeneous structure and porosity. Despite the fact that the heat treatment was successful in reducing the influence of structural inhomogeneities, it cannot be concluded that spray quenching has an utterly positive bearing on the mechanical and structural properties of the castings.
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Analysis of the Structure and Properties of Al-Si Alloy during Holding Time of the Melt
Krahula, Karel ; Lichý, Petr (referee) ; Kaňa, Václav (referee) ; Zemčík, Ladislav (advisor)
This thesis is dedicated to the production of aluminum casting alloys. It maps the course of changes in the morphology of eutectic and its influence on mechanical properties during the long-term meltdown. In particular, the use of image analysis methods contributes to describing these processes. The presented results show that the eutectic shape does not change even during the meltdown for 110 minutes. There is only a roughing and an increase in grain size. There was also no influence on the mechanical properties that fit the practical application of the alloy examined
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Analysis of the Structure and Properties of Al-Si Alloy during Holding Time of the Melt
Krahula, Karel ; Lichý, Petr (referee) ; Kaňa, Václav (referee) ; Zemčík, Ladislav (advisor)
This thesis is dedicated to the production of aluminum casting alloys. It maps the course of changes in the morphology of eutectic and its influence on mechanical properties during the long-term meltdown. In particular, the use of image analysis methods contributes to describing these processes. The presented results show that the eutectic shape does not change even during the meltdown for 110 minutes. There is only a roughing and an increase in grain size. There was also no influence on the mechanical properties that fit the practical application of the alloy examined
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The tumor immune microenvironment and its crosstalk with kallikrein-related peptidases in mammary carcinoma of a mouse model
Šlaufová, Marta ; Kašpárek, Petr (advisor) ; Brábek, Jan (referee)
Breast cancer is the most common cancer type with a high annual death rate. Finding meaningful tissue-related or body-fluid-accessible biomarkers is necessary to characterize cancer subtype, predict tumor behavior, choose the most effective therapy, predict severe treatment-related toxicities, and also the opportunity to personalize treatments for each patient. There is increasing evidence that various kallikrein-related peptidases (Klk) gene family members can modulate the immune response and are differentially regulated in breast cancer, and therefore are proposed to be potential prognostic biomarkers. This work established and validated an experimental setup to study the roles of selected kallikrein-related peptidases (KLK5, KLK7, KLK14) in breast cancer in vivo using gene-deficient mouse models previously generated in our laboratory. We used the CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) editing system to generate several E0771 cell line-based reporter and gene-deficient cell lines. These allowed enhanced monitoring of cancer progression in vivo and studying KLKs roles in tumor immune microenvironment of C57Bl/6N mice. Finally, we present the analysis of the initial in vivo experiments using these tools combined with established Klk-deficient mouse models. Our...
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