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Relevance of the theory of the emergence of the new "Transnational Cleavage"
Maděra, Matyáš ; Stauber, Jakub (advisor) ; Guasti, Petra (referee)
This essay compares two distinct concepts of a cleavage line - transnational and periphery- centre. The research uses the comparative method. Both concepts will first be contrasted theoretically (comparison of differing theories) and later empirically (through differences in their manifestation into political parties). The results from the comparison of several theories suggest shared traits between both theories, but with a few key differences. Based on data from European political parties, the author of this thesis concludes, that these differences are a result of incorrectly defining the concept of transnational cleavage. Firstly, the cleavage is not yet entirely formed and secondly was not the main impulse for the rise of green parties, which is the main difference between both concepts. This forming cleavage has to be distinguished from a third concept, which is a periphery-centre cleavage on the European level. Author of this essay argues that the conflict within the European Union is a result of cross-cutting between two periphery-centre cleavages on different levels. First has a global reach (which is why it's wrongly labelled as transnational), while the second is only happening in Europe. The two cleavages are distinguished by contrasting centers, but the peripheral protest against these...
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Nonstationarity of nation-construction in contemporary Europe: Time-space differentiation in support for and factors behind regional nationalism in Catalonia
Lepič, Martin ; Tomeš, Jiří (advisor) ; Havlíček, Tomáš (referee) ; Kopeček, Vincenc (referee)
Regional nationalism and consequent separatist tendencies have a significant impact on the territorial (dis)integration of many countries across the globe, and Europe is no exception. These processes contributed to changes in the traditional academic understanding of states as uniform, cohesive, and continuous political entities. Nevertheless, research on territorial and societal cohesion and continuity within regional nationalist movements has so far been neglected, even though this aspect seems to be key to the successful mobilization and goal achievement of separatist movements in heterogeneous democratic societies. This thesis aims to examine the limits of uniformity and continuity, that is, a time-space differentiation in political affiliations to secessionist regional nationalism in Catalonia, including the explanation of a time-space nonstationarity in the effects of factors behind the affiliations. Catalonia is an example of region with intense cultural and inclusive-assimilationist nationalism which proliferates within an ethno-culturally heterogeneous and segregated society. In the last decade, the region has shifted from a phase of everyday, "banal" nationalism to an explicit and dynamic nationalist mobilization, which has been brought about by (and further intensified) the deterioration...
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The Slovak political parties and the elections in 2016
Marjenka, Ján ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Švec, Kamil (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on the topic of cleavages and their development in the Slovakian party system and society. The thesis chronologically interprets the evolution from the year 1990 until the current years, specifically until the 2016 election. In the beginning, the Slovakian party system and society were split up, similarly to other post-communist countries going from communism to anticommunism. When this topic is solved, other traditional cleavages come to mind as they are as well described by classical theoreticians. These cleavages can be activated by themselves, or become less important through time and social and political development. Other studies or thesis of Slovakian authors prove this idea. This known development is usually only addressed until the year 2012, that is why the main aim of this thesis is to analyze, continue with other results and find out how the situation regarding this issue has evolved before the election in 2016. It is important to analyze cleavages and other topics which divide the society and political parties from the point of view of the effect the cleavages have on the stability of the party system. It influences the number of them and the relationships between them which can be cumulative or cross cutting. Since then it is possible to determine...
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Conflict in Northern Ireland: from the causes of the conflict to the peace process
Nechybová, Klára ; Vymětal, Petr (advisor) ; Bobková, Eva (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the long-time conflict in Northern Ireland, specifically on the causes of the conflict and the development of the peace process. The aim of the work is to clarify the character of the Northern Ireland conflict, when using the cleavage theory of Stein Rokkan. Factors that affected the emergence of the conflict and meant the failure of the peace process are observed. The first part is historically-based and describes the development of the events in Northern Ireland from the 12th century to the island division (1921) thereby it brings preconditions for the emergence of the conflict closer to readers. On the basis of the Northern Ireland political parties the second part explains which cleavages formed the conflict. The third part gives the results of the peace process and presents reasons of its failure.
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