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Puerto-Rican Spanish with a Focus on Lexis
Dušek, Jakub ; Mištinová, Anna (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
(in English): This Bachelor's Thesis examines the Puerto Rican Spanish vocabulary, which contains a large number of typical features, generally applicable to American Spanish (on a lexical level). A brief overview of the history of the country is also included, as each historical period has had some impact on its language. The paper then describes the theoretical background of every typical feature of the Puerto Rican lexicon, especially its origin or definition. This is followed by a practically focused part, in which specific examples for each aspect in vocabulary. From this chapter conclusions are then drawn summarizing the most important findings of the examined lexical features. The last described area is the situation of English on the island and the presence of Puerto Rican Spanish in the United States. I focused on the specific case of the interaction of both official languages, thus involving the use of anglicisms and Spanglish speech. In conclusion, I have tried to show, inter alia, the basis for the future development of this issue in Puerto Rico.
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Andean Spanish as a product of contact with Quechua and Aymara
Rataj, Vlastimil ; Zavadil, Bohumil (advisor) ; Vrhel, František (referee) ; Zajícová, Lenka (referee)
Andská španělština jako produkt kontaktu s kečuánštinou a ajmarštinou Andean Spanish as a product of contact with Quechua and Aymara Disertační práce Vedoucí práce: Vlastimil Rataj 2014 prof. PhDr. Bohumil Zavadil, CSc. Abstrakt Andská španělština je varianta španělštiny používané v andských oblastech od jižní Kolumbie po severozápadní Argentinu a vznikla jako produkt kontaktu s místními indiánskými jazyky, kečuánštinou a ajmarštinou. V této práci, na základě kvalitativního zpracování části korpusu získaného při terénním výzkumu v jižním Peru (Cuzco), analyzuji některé typické rysy místní andské španělštiny, srovnávám je s kečuánštinou a snažím se prokázat, zda se jedná o transferenci z kečuánštiny. V úvodních částech je přehled klasifikace americké španělštiny v andských zemích, základní informace o místních indiánských jazycích a popis kečuánské gramatiky srovnávaný se španělštinou. V závěru práce je přehled studovaných jevů. Klíčová slova: andská španělština, španělština, kečuánština, jazykový kontakt, Cuzco, Peru Abstract Andean Spanish is a variety of Spanish used in Andean region from south Colombia to south-west Argentina, and it emerged as a product of contact with local Amerindian languages, Quechua and Aymara. In this thesis, based on a qualitative analysis of a part of a corpus obtained during a...
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The words from non-European languages in Spanish
Zemanová, Alena ; Zavadil, Bohumil (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
The present work is dedicated to the words from non-European languages in Spanish. In concrete terms were object of my study loanwords from these languages: Hebrew, Arabic and Indian languages, which arejwere present in the territory of the Central and South America. Indian languages, they gaye most loanwords are Nahuatl, Quechua, Guaraní, Mapuche, Maya, Caribe, which are object of more detailed study.
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Language of internet
Šumpelová, Alexandra ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
The objective of this thesis was to investigate some typical features of language used in electronic communication, especially in short message service SMS and trace up some differences and resemblances between the norm of language and language of SMS. This thesis has two main parts - theoretical and analytical. The focus of the study is the practical part, which works primarily with linguistic redundancy and looking for strategies and methods for its removal. This redundancy is evident in all language levels, and only the removal of this redundancy can achieve the maximum economy of language. Emphasis is placed primarily on analysis of actual language SMS messages in terms of phonological, morphological and syntactic. In the theoretical part, we focused on brief sociolinguistic characteristics of the information society and the net generation. Furthermore, we have tried to characterize and isolate different types slang and argot in Czech and Spanish terminology, and the subsequent inclusion of the language style of information technologies and also in terms of functionality. In summary, the present paper offers a general overview of the study of Spanish used in electronic communication. On the one hand we study what elements is using Spanish for being more economics in the written form; on the other hand...
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Reflexive constructions in Spanish. Their function and use
Lindušková, Lenka ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
Presented thesis deals with reflexive constructions as can be seen ain its title. Starting from explaining the principle of reflexivity, the thesis describes sentences and enunciations which are constructed with the morpheme se. The reflexive constructions which are one of the most important points are devided into three main groups according to the Prague Syntactic School. It is always analysed if there is any real reflexive contain in every type of construction. Ethic dative is another important point of this work. It is devided into two types because in some cases it forces the expressivity of the sentence as a complex and in another cases it affects rather the concrete verbal expression. Examples of use were clasified into different thematic sections. There were defined some possible rules in the use of pronominal form of mentioned verbs. As this thesis should primarilly consider how the use of the pronoun se changes different structures, the sections which were mentioned yet are naturally composed regarding this point. The theme of ethic dative belongs here to the group of cases which are not so significantly affected by the application of the reflexive morpheme. Verbs ‚ir'/‚irse', ‚marchar'/‚marcharse', ‚salir'/‚salirse', ‚morir'/‚morirse', ‚venir',/‚venirse', are also included in this group. The...
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Characteristic of Spanish used in sport journalism
Sasková, Zuzana ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
In my diploma thesis, I tried to familiarise readers with the characteristics of Spanish used by journalists in Spain across all means of mass communication (newspapers, radio, television and Internet). First, I focused on explaining the publicist style and stated in which means of mass communication sports journalism can be found. Furthermore, I described its linguistic characteristics in particular mass media. Then I dealt with sports slang and classified its grammar characteristics, dividing it into a morphological and syntactic part. I also described phonetic pronunciation, which listeners encounter in sports commentaries. In the morphological part, I familiarised readers with the way of forming new words in Spanish through a compositional or derivational process. I also listed the most common prefixes and suffixes that contribute to the formation of new words in Spanish sports journalism. In the syntactic part, I focused in more detail on peculiarities regarding noun gender, the usage of sports journalism elementary words by Spanish journalists and on unusual language means, which make sports texts and commentaries diverse. I provided a few examples of typical clichés that can be found in the language area, as well examples of attempts on their updating. Subsequently, I dealt with the Spanish sports...
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The Spanish Insults
Hroudová, Šárka ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
"The Spanish Insults" The objective of the present paper was to explore, as the title indicates, the rich variety of the Spanish insults. We centered mainly on the comparison of the Spanish insults to the Czech insults and observed the diferences and specific characteristics of Spanish insults. We began the first part with the definition of formal and informal language and its sociolects, because we believe that it helps to understand the properties of the insults, since they have many common characteristics with the sociolects. Afterwards, we tried to describe the historical and cultural backgrounds, because due to different evolutions in each country, the habits to use insults and curses are different, especially concerning the curses, which are still very common in Spain. In Czech Republic the curses fell into oblivion during the last century, while the people were becoming more atheistic. The role of taboo is also very important, because in each society, taboo is what's influencing the usage and the importance of every insult. Neverthless, the insults don't serve only for attacking somebody or to show disappointment, but they also have other functions, such as identifying with the members of the group or to address someone in a friendly way. In the practical part, we first described the...
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Preromance substrata in the Iberian peninsula
Pohořalá, Lucie ; Zavadil, Bohumil (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
Ve své práci jsem předložila dostupné informace o paleohispánských jazycích. Vlastní úsudek a komentář jsem zmiňovala jen tam, kde jsem se domnívala, že mám tyto své domněnky podložené, a tudíž je můj "přínos" oprávněný. Samozřejmě mám v zásobě ještě celou řadu pochybností, nápadů, skutečností, o kterých si po několika letech studia myslím, že jsou platné. Ale člověk musí být opatrný a nenechat se strhnout. Téma, které jsem zpracovala, je pro řadu lidí téma romantické, a tak jsem nechtěla působit neseriózně. Pohybovali jsme se na poli, kde řada vyřčeného jsou přece jen spekulace, v lepším případě vědecká shoda. Snažila jsem se uvést v práci tak malého rozsahu pouze prokazatelné údaje. I přesto lze počítat s tím, že některé z uvedených informací v následujících letech věda přinejmenším upraví a doplní, nebo také úplně vyvrátí. Domnívám se, že jsem všechny informace dostatečně objasnila tak, aby potenciální čtenář byl nyní schopen samostatně číst vědecké texty publikované v souvislosti s těmito jazyky, případně, aby byl také schopen nějaké samostatné úvahy. Co vysvětluji, vysvětluji většinou na základě vlastní zkušenosti několika posledních let, kdy jsem se postupně dostala k základní orientaci v tomto oboru tak, jak jsem ji podala v předcházejícím textu.
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Romanian dative form and its equivalents in Czech
Šabat, Jiří ; Felix, Jiří (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
The case is a gramatical category which makes possible expressmg of syntactical relations of the nouns or their substitute s in a sentence. It happens in various languagues in a different way: 1) us ing prepositions or fixed topics = in a analytical way (for ex. in the majority ofRomance languagues), us ing endings = in a synthetic way (for ex. in the majority of Slavic languagues). From this point of view, Romanian languague presents a transitive type of languague (analytical-synthetic): its five cases are expressed either by auxiliary words (predeterminants, prepositions) or by endings. The vocative form is sometimes the same as the nominative form, sometimes uses special endings (see 4.1.1). Describing remaining four cases "a casual syncretism" is met. The reason five cases in Romanian languague are described is the existence of specialised forms for nominative, dative and acuzative form at several personal and reflexive pronouns (see 4.4). The nouns without artic1e (excepting most feminine singular nouns) has the same casual form in singular and in plural, as well (see 4.2). In feminine sigular can be distinguished, using casual endings, pairs nominative / acuzative and genitive / dative. Most feminine nouns have identical form: genitive / dative singular and all the forms of plural (see 4.2) -...
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Language policy of Spain
Nekola, Ondřej ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
Spain is a multilingual state. There are four official languages: Spanish (espanol = castellano), Galician, Basque and Catalan. Spanish is the official and compulsory language of al1 regions of the Spanish state. Catalan is, besides Spanish, the officiallanguage in Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands. Basque is, together with Spanish, the official language of the autonomous community cal1ed the Basque Country and Galician is the officiallanguage in Galicia. The citizens of Catalonia are the only ones of al1 the autonomous communities of Spain who are obliged to know both of their official languages. In other mentioned autonomous communities the knowledge and use of the second language - besides Spanish - is regarded as a right. Since each of the enumerated autonomous communities has two official languages, it signifies that these regions are bilingual. In other regions which have not been mentioned the official language is only Spanish, therefore they can be described as monolingual.
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