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Business Project
Malý, Milan ; Zámečník, Josef (referee) ; Groligová, Ivana (advisor)
The aim of this diploma work is to elaborate the proposal of conditions and arrangements of the scheme ralating the analyses of the environment, management and financial analyses in the company. On the basis of this analyses there are carried out the measurements and recommendations for improving the stability and profitability ot the company TIPA, Ltd. Finaly it is intended to use these analyses to improve the company´s position in the market.
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Risk Management of a Business Entity
Zámečník, Josef ; MBA, Marek Ventruba, (referee) ; Doskočil, Radek (advisor)
The thesis deals with the risk management in Motortec s.r.o., a company that operates in the field of sales and maintenance service of passenger and commercial vehicles. The thesis is divided into the theoretical part, in which all the essential terms are defined that relate to the thesis itself, and an analytical part that employs the process of risk management. The process includes identification, analysis and subsequent remedies to risks identified. The identification of risks has been carried out using Porter's five forces analysis, SLEPT analysis and McKinsey 7S Framework. SWOT analysis has been carried out subsequently. The risks defined have been assessed using a scoring method and grouped into categories based on their severity. The last part includes measures to reduce the major risks that threaten the examined company.
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Histopathological predictors of clinical course severity and development of surgical complications in children with inflammatory bowel diseases
Fabián, Ondřej ; Zámečník, Josef (advisor) ; Daum, Ondřej (referee) ; Karásková, Eva (referee)
The aim of the presented thesis is to summarize a benefit and limitations of histopathological assessment of bioptic samples for diagnostics and prediction of complicated course of the disease in children with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We would also like to outline a potential benefit of more sophisticated histopathological methods in these domains. In the first phase of our research, we aimed at correlation of microscopical disease activity in children with Crohn's disease (CD) with activity assessed endoscopically and clinically. We also examined a histopathology as a possible predictor of development of complications, since previous works on adult cohorts indicate only a limited predictive value of microscopy. Our study confirmed this premise also for pediatric patients, since histopathological findings correlated weakly with endoscopy, didn't correlate with clinical activity of the disease and did predict none of the defined complications. On the other hand, endoscopy appeared to be a reliable predictor of complicated course of the disease. In the next part of our research, we were searching for other, more precise methods of assessment of histopathological disease activity that could serve as predictors of complications. We focused at immunohistochemical assessment of tissue...
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Refinement of tissue diagnostics in the transplant program
Balko, Jan ; Zámečník, Josef (advisor) ; Škarda, Jozef (referee) ; Němejcová, Kristýna (referee)
Refinement of tissue diagnostics in the transplant program Abstract The thesis describes tissue diagnostics of organ transplants of the donor as well as recipient. In case of donated organs (grafts), it aims to improve the provisional scoring system of graft rejection after uterine transplantation. Using histopathological methods including immunohistochemistry, it compares lymphocytic population classified in the scoring system with histopathological findings within the resected uteri of women who underwent hysterectomy for benign reasons. The aim was to validate the necessity of the category of so called borderline changes, whose morphology was proven to overlap with physiological finding within healthy uterine cervix. Therefore, there is no need for immunosuppressive therapy in such cases. In case of recipients, the thesis investigates the role of pulmonary megakaryocytes in explanted lungs after transplantation. The idea was to elucidate pathogenesis of the diseases leading to the need of transplantation itself. Pulmonary megakaryocytes within explanted lungs of various recipients were mapped using histopathological methods and immunohistochemistry. The strikingly increased number of such cells was detected among vascular disorders, especially idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. This finding could...
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Epidemiological and immunological aspects of HPV etiology of head and neck cancers
Maléřová, Simona ; Klozar, Jan (advisor) ; Salzman, Richard (referee) ; Zámečník, Josef (referee)
The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) -associated oropharyngeal tumors is steadily increasing therefore, information about the prevalence of oral HPV and its risk factors is very important for future screening and early diagnosis of the disease. This thesis addresses three topics. The first topic is to evaluate the prevalence of oral HPV in a healthy population and to investigate risk factors for oral HPV infection, given that these data are almost completely absent in Central Europe. A statistically significantly higher rate of positivity (8.8%) of oral HPV infection was found in the group of older unvaccinated probands than in younger partially vaccinated volunteers (2.0%). The seropositivity rate of anamnestic HPV antibodies was comparable in both groups. None of the analyzed risk factors were significantly associated with oral HPV positivity. The second topic of the thesis is the dynamics of HPV specific antibodies in patients with head and neck cancer and their prognostic significance. In patients with cervical cancer, a decrease in HPV E6 / E7-specific antibodies is associated with a better prognosis. Another goal of the dissertation was to assess the importance of anamnestic antibodies and antibodies against oncoproteins E6 and E7 in long-term follow-up 2-14 years after the end of...
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Diagnostic morphological features of PDGFRA-mutated gastrointestinal
Daum, Ondřej ; Hes, Ondřej (advisor) ; Mandys, Václav (referee) ; Ehrmann, Jiří (referee) ; Zámečník, Josef (referee)
Daum O., Grossmann P., Vanecek T., Sima R., Mukensnabl P., Michal M. (2006): Diagnostic morphological features of PDGFRA-mutated gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Molecular genetic and histological analysis of 60 cases of gastric GISTs. Ann. Diagn. Pathol. In Press Summary In this study, 60 gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) of the stomach were analyzed to elucidate the possible relation of their morphology to mutation status of KIT and PDGFRA genes. The patients included 27 men and 33 women with a mean age of 63,8 years (range 12 to 92). Only one tumor occurred before the age of 21 years. KIT mutations were detected in 31 cases (51,7%), PDGFRA mutations in 22 cases (36,7%), and seven cases (11,7%) were KIT and PDGFRA wild type. When the mutation status was correlated with histological features of the tumors, epithelioid or mixed epithelioid/spindle cell pattern and mast cell infiltration were found as the most reliable signs of PDGFRA mutation. Neoplastic rhabdoid cells and multinucleated giant cells, also previously reported as features of PDGFRA mutated GISTs, seemed to be less specific but still helpful markers in our study. Finally, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and myxoid stroma do not seem to be valuable histological signs. Daum O., Klecka J., Ferda J., Treska V., Vanecek T., Sima R., Mukensnabl...
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Clinicopathological aspects and differential diagnostics of Lynch syndrome
Dušek, Martin ; Daum, Ondřej (advisor) ; Zámečník, Josef (referee) ; Šíma, Radek (referee)
Lynch syndrome (LS), formerly known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is a familial cancer syndrome with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Its genetic basis is most commonly a germline mutation in one of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes, that are responsible for correction of errors ocurring during DNA replication. Dysfunction of this repairing system leads to the formation and progression of tumors, especially colorectal cancer (CRC). According to the literature LS represents 3-5 % of all CRC. Additional extracolonic tumors associated with LS include endometrium, ovary, stomach, small bowel, pancreas, hepatobiliary tract, upper uroepithelial tract, brain and cutaneous sebaceous tumors. Early age of onset is a typical feature of LS-associated tumors, in comparison with general population. Malignancy is often the first manifestation, therefore the LS diagnosis is important not only for the individual patient and his next management, but also for his family members. An exception is represented by the formation of cutaneous sebaceous tumors prior to internal malignancy in one of LS phenotypic variant, called Muir-Torre syndrome. Properly selected screening methods can prevent the formation of malignant tumors by early detection of their premalignant lesions, or at least early...
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Significance of HNF-1B in different types of carcinomas and non-neoplastic lesions of the female genital system at the level of protein expression, epigenetic and genetic changes
Němejcová, Kristýna ; Dundr, Pavel (advisor) ; Zámečník, Josef (referee) ; Nenutil, Rudolf (referee)
Introduction HNF-1β is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in the ontogenesis, regulates expression of multiple genes involved in cell cycle modulation and seems to be involved in cancerogenesis of various tumors. HNF-1β protein is coded by the HNF1B gene. Genetic and epigenetic changes of HNF1B play role in tumorigenesis and these changes can be accompanied by loss of expression or increased protein expression as detected by immunohistochemistry. In gynecopathology, expression of HNF-1β was considered as specific marker of clear cell carcinomas of the ovary and endometrium. However, more recent studies described HNF-1β expression also in tumors of other histogenesis. Aims: Our study focused on the immunohistochemical and molecular analysis of HNF1B in the normal tissue, various types of tumors and non-neoplastic lesions of the female genital tract. The goals of our study were: 1. Analysis of HNF-1β expression in cervical carcinomas. 2 Analysis of HNF-1β expression in endometrial carcinomas and non-neoplastic tissues of the female genital tract. 3. Analysis of epigenetic and genetic changes of HNF1B in endometrioid carcinomas and ovarian clear cell carcinomas. 4. Comprehensive analysis of atypical polypoid adenomyomas. Material and methods: A total of 574 samples including 399...
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The role of human papillomavirus in the etiology and prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx
Rotnáglová, Eliška ; Klozar, Jan (advisor) ; Šlapák, Ivo (referee) ; Zámečník, Josef (referee)
Tonsillar cancer (TC) presents an important part of head and neck cancers and its incidence is rising in the Czech Republic. Cigarette smoking and alcohol abuse are risk factors responsible for approximately two thirds of all head and neck cancers. Furthermore, a role of human papillomavirus (HPV) as an independent risk factor has been demonstrated recently. The aims of the present study were to find demographical differences between the group of HPV-positive and negative patients, to determine the prevalence of HPV in TC of Czech patients and also to find out whether the virus in HPV DNA positive tumors is transcriptionally active. Another aim was to test different markers of HPV infection for a precise selection of patients with HPV associated disease and to determine the prognostic role of these markers. A set of 109 patients with primary TC was examined for HPV DNA presence in tumor tissue and for the presence of HPV specific antibodies in serum. Data regarding risk factors were obtained by questionnaires. Forty-five samples were available for E6 and E2 mRNA analysis and for immunohistochemical analysis of p16 and p53 expression. The overall prevalence of HPV DNA in TC was 65%. In 93% of HPV16 DNA positive samples the virus was transcriptionally active. The E2 expression status has shown that in...
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