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Evaluation of vegetable fats consumption of patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia
Kubecová, Markéta ; Vrablík, Michal (advisor) ; Šnejdrlová, Michaela (referee)
The thesis deals with intake of vegetable fats in patients with CVD (Cardiovascular Disease), DM (Diabetes Mellitus) and dyslipidemia. The theoretical part deals with the distribution of lipids, as well as sources ofvarious fatty acids in the diet and their effects on our organism. The next part describes the use of vegetable oils as well as aspects of digestion of fatty acids, their absorption, transport and metabolism. The last chapter of the introduction is dedicated to diseases, in which it is necessary not only to monitor fat intake but, also, choosing those, that can postively impact onthe disease progression. The nutritional (medical) study is made on the basis of a questionnaire survey, which monitors the consumption and use of vegetable fats andfoods containing vegetable fats. Results summarize whether patients are informed and following proper diet regimen and identify mistakes they have been making. Data collection was conducted at the 3rd Department ofInternal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital in Prague. Keywords: fatty acids, nutrition, metabolism, diet in disease, eating habits
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Pharmacological Influence on Atherogenesis in Experimental Animal Models of Atherosclerosis
Rathouská, Jana ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Vrablík, Michal (referee) ; Vohnout, Branislav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Jana Rathouská Supervisor: Doc. PharmDr. Petr Nachtigal, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Pharmacological influence on atherogenesis in experimental animal models of atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis is a slow inflammatory process in arterial walls which is, as a part of cardiovascular diseases, the main source of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. However, searching for the possibilities of atherosclerosis treatment requires detailed knowledge of pathogenesis of the disease itself. The use of mouse models offers one of the possibilities of studying the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, which enables a number of interventions that would not be acceptable in human medicine. By using the high content lipid diet, we are able to induce the changes of lipid spectrum in mice. Moreover, if a targeted genetic manipulation is used, one can reach considerably advanced plaques in a relatively short time period. It is also possible to interfere in the process of atherogenesis in mouse models by using some hypolipidemic drugs, for example from the statin group that were represented in our studies by atorvastatin. By observing the vessel's reactivity to atorvastatin dosage,...
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Evaluation and consumption of animal fat in patients with CVD and DM
Opravilová, Jana ; Vrablík, Michal (advisor) ; Horák, Pavel (referee)
The Bachelor thesis deals with the evaluation of consumption of animal fat in patients with CVD and DM. The theoretical part deals with the distribution of lipid, lipid metabolism, the quality of each animal fats, foods containing them and their cooking. The practical part consists of a questionnaire study that tracks the incidence of animal fat and method of preparation in the diet of patients with CVD and DM. Data for this study were taken at III. Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine. Keywords Animal fats, nutrition, obesity risks
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Regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity in circulation
Zemánková, Kateřina ; Kovář, Jan (advisor) ; Vrablík, Michal (referee)
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key enzyme in lipoprotein metabolism. The enzyme catalyzes hydrolysis of triacylglycerols (TG) of chylomicrons and of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). However, the mechanisms involved in the regulation of this protein are not fully understood yet. Therefore, the aim of the theses is to study selected aspects of LPL activity regulation. Recently discovered apolipoprotein A-V (apo A-V) substantially affects triglyceridemia and it is presumed that it may function as LPL activator. However, its concentration in the blood is extremely low and we therefore investigated whether most of apo A-V could be bound to the heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) of vascular wall similarly to LPL. Intravenous heparin application in healthy volunteers resulted in an expected increase in LPL activity but apo A-V concentration did not change. Our results do not support the hypothesis that most of apo A-V is bound to HSPG of the capillary endothelium. An alcohol consumption plays also a role in LPL regulation - the long-term moderate alcohol consumption is known to increase enzyme activity; on the contrary, it is presumed that LPL activity is inhibited immediately after alcohol consumption. However, the direct evidence for such a premise is missing. The other aim of the theses was to...
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Physical exercise in diabetes mellitus 2 type patients
Pelíšková, Pavlína ; Kohlíková, Eva (advisor) ; Vokrouhlický, Lubor (referee) ; Vrablík, Michal (referee)
Problem: Aerobic endurance exercise is traditionally considered the best motoric activity in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The most recommended form is continuous training at a defined level of intensity. Interval training is less used despite its proven effectiveness given by the possibility of applying a higher training load. Hypothesis: Long-term individually prescribed physical exercise therapy in Type 2 DM patients treated with diet and oral antidiabetics is demonstrably and objectively beneficial for these patients concerning their health condition, as shown by the metabolic compensation and anthropometric and fitness parameters. Physical exercise therapy described here helps to improve the patients' health condition in short the term and maintain it in the long term. Objective: Our aim is to prove the positive effect of a long-term individually adapted regular physical exercise therapy in type 2 DM patients. Method: The research sample consisted of Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (male and female) after termination of insulin therapy and its replacement by oral anti-diabetic drugs. A group of 31 patients treated with oral antidiabetics, diet and existing physical regimen is being compared with a group of 31 patients treated with diet, antidiabetics and defined physical exercise...
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Education of Patients with Myocardial Infarction
Frantesová, Lucie Michala ; Vrablík, Michal (referee) ; Pavlíková, Pavla (advisor)
The topic of this thesis is "Education of Patients with Myocardial Infarction". The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part has several chapters in which attention is paid to myocardial infarction, its localization, factors influencing its formation, diagnosis and therapy. Further in the theoretical part I deal with education and the process of education in patients with myocardial infarction. In practical part the chapters describe methodology, hypothesis and the aims of the thesis. Other chapters include graphs and tables depicting the comparison of groups and the results of the research. The results are then analysed further. The aim of this thesis was to find out to which extent the patients take part in an educational programme, and if education influences the change of behaviour. A few hypotheses were set up, e.g. that the patients would choose to be educated; that the educated group would have better results on monitored funs than patients with no education; and that education influences the patients' behaviour. Based on the research, it can be stated, that the hypotheses have not been confirmed. Despite of extensive education of the inspected group during the stay in hospital and during one following year, there was a rise in weight and no significant decline...
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