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Autophagy as a mechanism of adaptation the yeast
Zieglerová, Leona ; Váchová, Libuše (advisor) ; Zikánová, Blanka (referee)
Autophagy is a degradation pathway, conserved from yeast to mammals. The uniqueness of this pathway lies in its function, it is applied in the cell especially under the adverse conditions. It helps the cell to deliver essential nutrients for life, it removes the damaged or superfluous organelles, protein aggregates and helps with recycling and maintains a constant inner environment. These functions can prolong cell life and the cells survive the adverse conditions. Autophagy may induce the programmed cell death type II. This paper describes the basic of autophagy machinery, regulation and influence of yeast autophagy to adapt to the stressful conditions. Understanding the mechanism and regulation of autophagy in yeast may help with the study of autophagy in mammals. In mammals, this degradation pathway disorders cause many diseases (especially neurodegenerative), autophagy also effects the formation of tumors. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Competition of cells within the population of yeast colony
Očková, Veronika ; Váchová, Libuše (advisor) ; Gášková, Dana (referee)
Competition is a very important natural phenomenon, which causes the rivalry of organisms, in cases such as space limitation or lack of nutrients. It occurs mainly in situations where organisms, including microorganisms live in large populations. Multicellular yeast colonies represent an example of such a population. After the population of yeast cells spends nutrients from the environment, the cells in colonies are able to respond to these changes by production of ammonia functioning as a signaling molecule. Subsequently, the cells are able to change their morphology and metabolism and, dependently on their location within the colony, to create a subpopulation of cells with specific characteristics and functions. It is likely that in the case of mixed colonies formed by the two different strains, a competition between the cells of these two strains could exist. Such rivalry can result in changes in the ratio of cells of the two strains within the colony population, so that the cells of one strain outweigh the other. In this diploma thesis, I compared the growth and development of giant colonies and competition between the cells of selected pairs of strains forming mixed colonies. I focused on the parental strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY and its variants labeled with fluorescent proteins. For...
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Molecular dynamics of proteins interacting with substrate or ligand: mitochondrial processing peptidase and FixL oxygen sensor
Dvořáková Holá, Klára ; Janata, Jiří (advisor) ; Váchová, Libuše (referee) ; Branny, Pavel (referee)
I I Ovenvrew I I I II I I I I I I I I I The presenteddoctoralthesis includesfive publishedscientificarticlesand one manuscriptpreparedfor submission.All describestudieson threeproteinmodels.The four papersnumbered(1)- (4)inthelistofpublications,sharea commonobjectivee.i.observingand describingfunctionalproteindynamicsandconformationchangeinducedby ligandor substrate binding,andrepresentthemainresultofmyPhDwork. Thepapers(1)and(4)offerresultsof a projectfrommyhomelaboratoryattheInstitute ofMicrobiologyAS CR, LaboratoryforBiologyofSecondaryMetabolism,underthesupervisionof JiřÍ Janata, PhD. The projectis focusedon the protein-proteindynamicsinteractionof mitochondrialprocessingpeptidase(MPP) fromSaccharomycescerevisiaewithits preproteins substrates. The papers(2)and(3)describeresultsof a project,inwhichI haveparticipatedduring myMarieCuriefellowshipattheEcolePolytechnique(PalaiseauCedex,France),Laboratoryfor OpticsandBiosciences,in2004.Theprojectconcernsresearchon proteinstructuraldynamicsof theheme-basedoxygensensorFixLfromBradyrhizobiumjaponicum,inwhichoxygenbindingto the heme sensor domain inducesconformationchange,which regulatesthe activityof neighboringkinasedomain. ln bothprojects,analogyin methodicalapproach,i.e.seriesof molecularbiologyand...
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Molecular dynamics of proteins interacting with substrate or ligand: mitochondrial processing peptidase and FixL oxygen sensor
Dvořáková Holá, Klára ; Janata, Jiří (advisor) ; Váchová, Libuše (referee) ; Branny, Pavel (referee)
I I Ovenvrew I I I II I I I I I I I I I The presenteddoctoralthesis includesfive publishedscientificarticlesand one manuscriptpreparedfor submission.All describestudieson threeproteinmodels.The four papersnumbered(1)- (4)inthelistofpublications,sharea commonobjectivee.i.observingand describingfunctionalproteindynamicsandconformationchangeinducedby ligandor substrate binding,andrepresentthemainresultofmyPhDwork. Thepapers(1)and(4)offerresultsof a projectfrommyhomelaboratoryattheInstitute ofMicrobiologyAS CR, LaboratoryforBiologyofSecondaryMetabolism,underthesupervisionof JiřÍ Janata, PhD. The projectis focusedon the protein-proteindynamicsinteractionof mitochondrialprocessingpeptidase(MPP) fromSaccharomycescerevisiaewithits preproteins substrates. The papers(2)and(3)describeresultsof a project,inwhichI haveparticipatedduring myMarieCuriefellowshipattheEcolePolytechnique(PalaiseauCedex,France),Laboratoryfor OpticsandBiosciences,in2004.Theprojectconcernsresearchon proteinstructuraldynamicsof theheme-basedoxygensensorFixLfromBradyrhizobiumjaponicum,inwhichoxygenbindingto the heme sensor domain inducesconformationchange,which regulatesthe activityof neighboringkinasedomain. ln bothprojects,analogyin methodicalapproach,i.e.seriesof molecularbiologyand...
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Competition of cells within the population of yeast colony
Očková, Veronika ; Váchová, Libuše (advisor) ; Gášková, Dana (referee)
Competition is a very important natural phenomenon, which causes the rivalry of organisms, in cases such as space limitation or lack of nutrients. It occurs mainly in situations where organisms, including microorganisms live in large populations. Multicellular yeast colonies represent an example of such a population. After the population of yeast cells spends nutrients from the environment, the cells in colonies are able to respond to these changes by production of ammonia functioning as a signaling molecule. Subsequently, the cells are able to change their morphology and metabolism and, dependently on their location within the colony, to create a subpopulation of cells with specific characteristics and functions. It is likely that in the case of mixed colonies formed by the two different strains, a competition between the cells of these two strains could exist. Such rivalry can result in changes in the ratio of cells of the two strains within the colony population, so that the cells of one strain outweigh the other. In this diploma thesis, I compared the growth and development of giant colonies and competition between the cells of selected pairs of strains forming mixed colonies. I focused on the parental strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY and its variants labeled with fluorescent proteins. For...
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Autophagy as a mechanism of adaptation the yeast
Zieglerová, Leona ; Váchová, Libuše (advisor) ; Zikánová, Blanka (referee)
Autophagy is a degradation pathway, conserved from yeast to mammals. The uniqueness of this pathway lies in its function, it is applied in the cell especially under the adverse conditions. It helps the cell to deliver essential nutrients for life, it removes the damaged or superfluous organelles, protein aggregates and helps with recycling and maintains a constant inner environment. These functions can prolong cell life and the cells survive the adverse conditions. Autophagy may induce the programmed cell death type II. This paper describes the basic of autophagy machinery, regulation and influence of yeast autophagy to adapt to the stressful conditions. Understanding the mechanism and regulation of autophagy in yeast may help with the study of autophagy in mammals. In mammals, this degradation pathway disorders cause many diseases (especially neurodegenerative), autophagy also effects the formation of tumors. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Study of mechanisms of ammonia production in yeast colonies and liquid cultures
Strachotová, Dita ; Váchová, Libuše (advisor) ; Sychrová, Hana (referee) ; Gášková, Dana (referee)
Yeast, although non-motile and unicellular organisms can create organized structures, colonies, in which cells communicate and cooperate and which in some ways resemble multicellular organisms. Our previous studies on yeast colony development revealed that colonies periodically change pH of their surroundings. Alkalization of an agar medium is accompanied by production of volatile ammonia that acts as the long-range signal. Microarray analysis of the expression changes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae colonies during their transition from acid to alkali phase revealed significant changes in yeast transcriptome. Among others, strong induction of expression of three homologous genes ATO1 (YNR010c, ADY2), ATO2 (YNR002c, FUN34) and ATO3 (YDR384c) at the beginning of the alkali phase was found. These genes encode membrane proteins that may function as ammonium/H+ antiporters. This work contributes to better understanding of both the ammonia signaling and the role of putative ammonium exporters - Ato proteins. It was revealed, that other volatile compounds - methylamine and propylamine - are (in addition to ammonia) able to induce entry into the alkali phase of yeast colony development. Moreover, the significant impact of the transport of monocarboxylic acids on ammonia production and yeast colony development...
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Small signaling molecules in yeast
Putalová, Tereza ; Váchová, Libuše (advisor) ; Horníková, Lenka (referee)
Yeasts excrete metabolitesinto the environment some of which may have a signal function. The small signalling molecules include ammonia, alcohols, esters, acids and CO2 beside other molecules. These substances may be formed as waste products of metabolism, such as some alcohols in the catabolism of amino acids. After exclusion they influence other / surrounding cells by binding to receptors or they affect their target in the cell or may form a concentration gradient or a pH gradient. New findings show that using ammonia yeasts can communicate and may diversify within colonies. Farnesol, tyrosol and other molecules use the yeasts to quorum sensing. Yeasts also secrete aromatic esters and fatty acids. High concentrations of CO2 trigger switch from yeasts to hypha. This paper summarizes existing information on the occurrence and impact of selected molecules (ammonia, alcohols, esters, acids and CO2) signaling in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans.
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