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Public space assessment using simulation of pedestrian movement
Forejtník, Ondřej ; Apeltauer, Tomáš (referee) ; Uhlík, Ondřej (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals in its theoretical part with the significance of the pedestrian traffic for the urban areas and describes the principles of numerical modeling of the pedestrian movement. In the practical part, the bachelor's thesis focuses on the assessment of the public space of náměstí Míru square in Brno using data extraction from a recorded video and numerical simulation of the pedestrian movement. This is followed by a verification of the traffic plan design in preparation and specific recommendations for amending the design. The aim of this work is to explore the contribution of modern technologies to the complex process of assessing and designing public spaces.
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Assessing the protection of significant soft targets against terrorist attacks by pedestrian simulation
Uhlík, Ondřej ; Hromada,, Martin (referee) ; Apeltauer, Tomáš (advisor)
Diploma thesis deals with the issue of terrrorism in relation to soft targets and subsequent assessment of the selected soft target in terms of possible terrorist attack. The objective is primary school Sirotkova in Brno. The assessment criteria was evacuation of the school as a whole and its individual parts. A risk analysis was performed for the object to determine real threats in which there were clasified the probability and extent of impacts of potential attacks. The most likely scenarios of the attack were identified, based on this analysis. These scenarios were subsequently implemented into an advanced numerical 3D model, where the evacuation was simulated within these scenarios. In the framework of the school assessment, the work focused on comparing three different approaches to the evacuation process. The evacuation process was compared according to parameters of experimental data obtained from the practise of evacuation of primary school with evacuation processes set acording to the parameters of fire standards CSN and international SFPE fire safety standards. The results of the individual simulations were processed with a statistically determined probability percentile. The outcome of the assessment was to determine the probable evacuation time of the school and its individual parts. Based on these results, there was performed a proposal to optimize the evacuation process of the school, which made the process more efective and shortened the evacuation time to minimalize the impact of a potential terrorist attack.
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Modeling the movement of people when organizing festival events
Žalská, Kateřina ; Uhlík, Ondřej (referee) ; Okřinová, Petra (advisor)
The thesis deals with modeling the movement of people during the music festival Hradecký Majáles. This mass event is very popular in Hradec Králové, and its attendance reaches 17 thousand people. The thesis is focused on optimalization of the normal operation of the event, prediction of possible obstacles and possible danger. For analysis a few verification scenarios are created, including the scenario involving the emergence of danger and following simulation of evacuation of people. Within the analysis the key variables such as density, evacuation time and LoS. The critical places where people could get hurt, are selected. The new security precautions or optimization of site geometry optimizations are suggested for these places. In the conclusion of the 3 thesis is performed efficiency evaluation of the suggested changes resulting from the performed analysis.
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Vaccination center 4.0
Forejtník, Ondřej ; Uhlík, Ondřej (referee) ; Apeltauer, Tomáš (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with modeling the pedestrian movement in a high-capacity vaccination center during the covid-19 pandemic. The subject of the modeling is the vaccination center that was operated by the Brno University Hospital at the Brno Exhibition Center in the first half of 2021. The work describes the vaccination process in the center and the related theory of pedestrian movement. A numerical model of the vaccination center was created in the Pathfinder program on the basis of data obtained, among other things, from the analysis of video recordings taken at the center. This was used for the capacity assessment of the vaccination center and for the creation of a design model of the center handling a higher intensity of incoming patients. The output of the thesis is a proposal for the layout of the vaccination center, which will allow the center to vaccinate the highest number of patients per day.
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Environmental aspects of wastewater treatment and reuse in nature based technologies
Šereš, Michal ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (advisor) ; Uhlík, Ondřej (referee) ; Hanč, Aleš (referee)
In recent years, the issue of appropriate and efficient approaches to wastewater management and its potential reuse has become increasingly important in view of the geographical conditions of Central Europe, where, until recently, the problems associated with climate change and drought may not have seemed so pressing at first sight. Increasingly, so-called nature-based water management solutions, which help to both clean the water and retain it in the landscape, are being proposed. In drier, especially arid areas, this topic has been under discussion for many years and several examples of larger-scale applications are available. In the Czech Republic, on the other hand, mainly pilot applications only have been considered to date. However, the potential of nature-based solutions such as constructed wetlands, denitrification bioreactors, artificial wetlands and so-called reed bed units, is considerable. The advantages lie mainly in the robustness of these systems and their ability to mimic and intensify the natural water purification processes that occur in nature. They can be applied to waters contaminated with common fecal pollution or with higher nutrient content, as well as to waters contaminated with various types of micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, hormonally-active substances and...
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Molecular biology and ecology of microbial decomposition of plant-derived biopolymers in forest ecosystems
Žifčáková, Lucia ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Uhlík, Ondřej (referee) ; Bárta, Jiří (referee)
The abilities of fungi and bacteria to degrade simple and complex carbon compounds derived from different sources, such as root exudates, litter, soil organic matter or fungal mycelium were studied in this dissertation. Knowledge of functional traits, especially degradation abilities of fungi and bacteria, are important for deciphering the black box of microbial functioning in topsoil and thus aiding in modeling and predicting future directions of microbial communities development in face of global changes. Among fungal cultures form culture collection representing strains with different taxonomy and ecophysiology, the ecophysiology of fungi was more important in manifestation of functional traits than taxonomy. Among bacterial isolates from the litter and soil of spruce forest, Acidobacteria were confirmed to express multiple decomposition enzymes in high rates in vitro and were also abundant and active degraders in acidic spruce forest soil. The expression of degradation capacities of both bacteria and fungi were further studied in situ in spruce forest topsoil, that represents an important environment due to the ubiquity of coniferous forests on the Northern hemisphere. There is an obvious gap of knowledge, when comes to our understanding of seasonal effect on microbial functioning, and this is...
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Structure and function of microbial communities of montane spruce forest
Štursová, Martina ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Uhlík, Ondřej (referee) ; Slaninová Kyselková, Martina (referee)
Structure and function of soil microbial communities in montane spruce forest Martina Štursová Abstract Coniferous forests are spatially heterogeneous environments and represent an important ecosystem that acts as carbon sink under current climate storing large amounts of carbon in standing biomass or as soil organic matter. The formation of organic matter via decomposition of dead biomass and transformation of rhizodeposited organic compounds is primarily mediated by microbial community of forest topsoil. Despite growing insight into the composition of these soil communities, little is known about the microbes actually responsible for those transformation processes, about the drivers shaping these communities or their response to increasing numbers of severe disturbances. Studies presented in this thesis contribute to filling the information. The studies were carried out in unmanaged spruce forests in the highest elevations of Bohemian Forest, in both, the undisturbed areas as well as those affected by bark beetle outbreaks at different time periods. Combination of methods including culturing of fungi, enzymatic activity measurements or high throughput sequencing were used to describe the microbial communities, their distribution in space and time, and factors involved in shaping these communities in those...
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Approximation of Evacuation Curve by the Polynomic Regression Method
Uhlík, Ondřej ; Dobiášová, Lucie ; Kratochvílová, Martina
Prediction of the evacuation process at the time of the emergency is crucial for the subsequent effective coordination of the evacuation and the intervention of the rescue units. Microscopic simulation tools are currently the most advanced method of evacuation modelling, however, their use in the operational phase of construction is inefficient due to the computational time of the simulations and dynamic input data. One of the outputs of the simulations is the evacuation curve. The paper proposes a simplification of the curve by the approximation method of polynomial regression, which demonstrates on basic evacuation scenario. The polynomial coefficients can be used to compile a training set of a machine learning model to predict real-time evacuation curves.
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Bacteria associated with decomposing deadwood
Tláskal, Vojtěch ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Uhlík, Ondřej (referee) ; Bárta, Jiří (referee)
Deadwood is a hotspot of microbial diversity and its decomposition contributes to carbon and nitrogen cycling in temperate forests. The historically recognized importance of fungi in the decomposition of deadwood has recently been complemented by the description of bacterial functions thanks to the rapid progress of culture-independent methods based on the analysis of nucleic acids. To study different aspects of deadwood decomposition, a temperate mixed forest in Zofinsky prales National Nature Reserve was selected as a site with rich historical forestry data where deadwood decomposition represents an important process in wood turnover. The aim of this thesis is to describe role of bacteria in deadwood decomposition at fine scale resolution with respect to community composition, enzyme transcription, and metabolic potential of dominant species. Effects of deadwood age together with pH and water content on the bacterial community composition proved to be more important than tree species identity. Bacteria showed distinct composition between early and late community in decomposing deadwood. The bacterial community was also under a significant influence of fungal community composition. Despite being in a close contact, bacterial and fungal communities differed significantly between deadwood and the...
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Endocrine-disrupting properties and degradability of micropollutants with antimicrobial activity
Linhartová, Lucie ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kočí, Vladimír (referee) ; Uhlík, Ondřej (referee)
The increasing pollution caused by compounds of anthropogenic origin can lead to harmful effects on human health and the environment. The majority of produced chemicals are continuously released into the environment, and restrictions are usually not employed until negative effects have already manifested. Recently, micropollutants have been given a lot of attention among researchers. These compounds are present in the environment at very low concentrations (ng-µg/l) and are transported over the globe through the hydrosphere. Micropollutants, including pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products, have a tendency to persist in the environment. Moreover, even trace concentrations of the compounds can have severe detrimental impacts. Many micropollutants can interfere with the natural functions of the endocrine system, which can result in the development of several types of cancer, decrease in fertility, or delayed puberty. The presence of endocrine disruptors in nature can eventually lead to the collapse of populations. This thesis focuses on the study of the endocrine-disrupting effects and degradability of antimicrobial compounds, which are, besides other applications, widely used in oral care products. The emissions of these compounds are unregulated. The results demonstrated that none...
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