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Changes of narrative strategies in contemporary Japanese literature
Cima, Igor ; Tirala, Martin (advisor) ; Švarcová, Zdeňka (referee) ; Bílek, Petr (referee)
in English This thesis maps the changes, that occurred in Japanese literature during the late 1970's and early 1980's. Literature written in this time period is often associated with the phenomena of postmodernism. This thesis is based on the presumption, that Japanese postmodernity is a historical phenomenon, and its shape is closely related to the shape of Japanese modernity before and after the World War II. The aim of this thesis is to analyze these postmodern tendencies in their historical continuity in relation to the modern literary discourse, and by doing that fill in the gap between modern and contemporary Japanese literary development. The methodological basis of this thesis is in the Western discourse about postmodernism, from which it borrows a formal framework, and at the same time in the works by Japanese critics, which give the concept of postmodernism a necessary specific localized content. The analysis of respective representative literary texts is based on how they were perceived in contemporary literary magazines and in the press, and on close reading of them. The analysis of the texts is based on the fictional worlds theory. This thesis is divided into two larger parts. Part one is centered around conceptual and theoretical definition of Japanese modernity on two levels....
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Narrative Structures in Chikamatsu's plays about Love Suicide
Špriňarová, Eva ; Tirala, Martin (advisor) ; Sýkora, Jan (referee)
(anglicky) This bachelor thesis applies to the theatre plays of the jōruri genre written by premodern Japanese dramatist Chikamatsu Monzaemon (1653-1723). It focuses on domestic plays with the theme of love suicides (shinjūmono). The aim of this thesis is to describe the development of the narrative structure of these plays and to determine whether there was a fundamental shift in the arrangement of the individual events during the course of Chikamacu's creative period. If so, what specific changes occurred. The analysed five plays are viewed through the structuralist theory of narrative. Works subjected to narrative analysis are two famous works Love Suicides in Sonezaki (Sonezaki shinjū) and Love Suicides in Amijima (Shinjū ten no Amijima) and three less known works Love Suicides in the Well Near a Tea House (Shinjū kasane izutsu), Love Suicides in the Women's Temple (Shinjū mannensō), Love Suicides on the Eve of Kōshin Festival (Shinjū yoigōshin).
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The transformation of Japanese cuisine (washoku) in modern and contemporary Japan
Onari Kreslová, Lucie ; Sýkora, Jan (advisor) ; Tirala, Martin (referee)
This thesis focuses on the traditional Japanese cuisine, washoku, and its changes under the influence of two waves of globalization. Since washoku does not have a permanently established definition, at the beginning of the work I deal with what washoku actually is, what it is characterized by and how it got its form. In following parts of the work, I try to answer the question of how traditional washoku changed under the influence of two waves of globalization, the first in the Meiji and Taisho periods and the second in the post-war period. In the last part of the thesis, I evaluate the role of traditional Japanese cuisine in the national and international context - starting with the effect on the health status of the Japanese population and ending with the role of traditional cuisine as a so-called soft tool of Japanese cultural and foreign policy.
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Pragmatic competence of Japanese language students in speech act of request
Fabová, Katarína ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Tirala, Martin (referee)
(english): This work focuses on pragmatic competence of japanese studies students, namely on the speech act of requesting. The aim of this paper is to find out how japanese studies students are creating requests in different situations differently from native japanese speakers. The theoretical part of this paper handles the description of pragmatic competence, pragmatic competence acquisition and problems that may arise during this process. Hereupon a general description of speech acts and also specifically speech act of requesting. Requests in japanese language, japanese textbooks for beginners, and previous research are also presented. The practical part of the paper deals with the analysis of requests created by native japanese speakers and students of japanese studies and consequently their comparison. The data were obtained from an original questionnaire created exclusively for the purpose of this study. In the final part, the acquired knowledge is summarized and the hypotheses are either confirmed or refuted.
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Comparison of five principle types of the Noh plays
Burešová, Lucie ; Švarcová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Tirala, Martin (referee)
The bachelor thesis Comparison of the Five Principle Types of the Noh Plays deals with the traditional classification of Japanese plays No according to the characteristic role the main actor shite performs. Following this classification it proceeds to the analysis of five plays: Tsurukame (Crane and Tortoise), Atsumori, Hagoromo (The Feather Mantle), Semimaru and Funa Benkei (Benkei on the Boat). The author's approach is based more on performance art theories than linguistics, the main criterion being the dramatic development of each play according to jo-ha-kyu system, considering characterization of the role during the play. The thesis is based on Japanese librettos yokyoku, script translations in to main European languages and video s of theatre performances.
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Narrative strategies in Japanese detective prose from 60s to 80s of the 20th Century
Cima, Anna ; Tirala, Martin (advisor) ; Weber, Michael (referee)
(anglicky): In this thesis, two representative works of two post-war schools of Japanese detective fiction are analysed based on the knowledge of modern narratology. Two mentioned schools are so called social school of detective fiction (shakaiha 社会派), which appeared at the beginning of 60ties, and new authentic school of detective fiction (shin honkakuha 新本格派), which appeared at the beginning of 80ties. This thesis focuses on a theoretical understanding of the term "detective fiction", it describes the development of the detective genre in post-war Japan while focusing on the debates on "authentic" and "inauthentic" detective fiction and describes typical features of two previously mentioned schools. The by using a theoretical apparat suitable for analysing works of very schematic detective genre, two works - Points and lines (Ten to sen 点と線, 1958) written by Matsumoto Seichō 松本清張 (1909-1992) and Tokyo Zodiac Murders (Senseijutu satsujin jiken 占星術殺人事件, 1981) written by Shimada Sōji 島田荘司 (1948 - ) - are analysed. Analyses focus on composition schemes of both works and on the example translated from original works, existence or absence of elements typical for both schools are demonstrated while a different usage of these elements is showed.
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A picture of man in the works by Endo Shusaku
Dušáková, Hana ; Švarcová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Tirala, Martin (referee)
The works of Endo Shusaku and the themes discussed in them derive from his own unique life. Drawing on hi experience with isolation and misunderstanding in a foreign environment, and then his being an exception in Japan for his Catholic faith, Endo certainly shows profound understanding for those in similar situations, and his observations become even more relevant in the present-day world where multiculturalism and migration are some of the foremost issues. In spite of the complexities that interactions between various cultures, nationalities and beliefs bring, Endo's novels reveal hope that these differences will not be impediment to mutual tolerance and understanding across these boundaries. Essential to this understanding and compassion with others will be individuals who resemble the protagonists appearing in the three novels we have examined: people who dare to listen to their conscience and follow their inherent sense for justice, even at the cost of "going against the current" and the risk of losing the favor of majority. This, I believe, would be the "message" Endo's works, and also the reason why he remains one of the most respected contemporary authors. This paper's objective was the discussion of Endo Shusaku's characters and the portrayal of man in his novels. This is a theme that could be also...
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Iruikon'intan: stories about the partnership of animals and humans in the past and the present time
Procházková, Kateřina ; Švarcová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Tirala, Martin (referee)
Japanese term iruikonintan refers to stories about marriage between a human and a being other than human, such as supernatural beings, animals, ghosts, monsters etc. Although there are a lot of such examples in classical Japanese literature, one can hardly overlook frequent appearance of their motives in modern and contemporary literature as well. This thesis covers that field of iruikonintan, which is related to marriages between human and animals. On a number of examples starting from ancient myths to Buddhist tales, folktales and fairy tales it gives some hints, how to comprehend the phenomenon of iruikonintan. While using the Jungian psychoanalytic approach and the methodology of archetypal criticism, the thesis focuses on the interpretation of various structures of iruikonintan as an allegorical representation of the unconscious contents in human mind. Considering the socio-political background in Japan in every epoch of its history of thought, iruikonintan has absorbed these various influences (such as Buddhism, Confucianism, etc.) during the times. These influences are rooted deeply in iruikonintan themselves as well as in collective unconsciousness. Short novels by contemporary Japanese woman writers Kawakami Hiromi and Tawada Yoko contain the well known motives from classical iruikonintan. However,...
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The Influence of Tezuka Osamu on Later Comics Äuthors
Doucková, Ilona ; Křivánková, Anna (advisor) ; Tirala, Martin (referee)
Japanese people see Tezuka Osamu as a significant figure of Japanese comic in 20th century, who gained nicknames as ‚god of manga' or ‚Japanese Walt Disney' during his life. Majority of people know him only as an author of popular manga (Japanese comic) Black Jack, Mighty Atom, Emperor of Jungle or Princess Knight, but his legacy is of much greater extent than what was already mentioned. This paper uses especially the method of analysis of secondary sources and, first of all, tries to introduce Tezuka's life and his complex work that is characterized by innovative techniques and broadening manga topics. In the second place, it attempts to find Tezuka's influence in work of later manga artists (especially in shojo manga of female group called Niju yonen gumi and manga authors linked to Tezuka's studio known as Tokiwaso) and the third, it gives a short and brief introduction to Tezuka's work as animator and to Tezuka's achievements in field of anime. Key words: Japanese popculture, manga, Japanese comic, anime, Tezuka Osamu, Astro Boy, shojo, Niju yonen gumi, Fortyniners, Ikeda Riyoko, Takemiya Keiko, Oshima Yumiko, Hagio Moto, Tokiwaso, Ishinomori Shotaro, Fujiko Fujio, Mushi production, Urasawa Naoki, Pluto
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The role of the traditional festivals (matsuri) in modern Japan
Valková, Henrieta ; Sýkora, Jan (advisor) ; Tirala, Martin (referee)
Traditional Japanese festivals matsuri used to play an important role in the annual cycle of Japanese agricultural communities. They marked special days outside of the everyday order, reserved for relaxation and for prayers to deities who were believed to have influence over the quality of the crops. However, with the beginning of the modern period in Japanese history, the agricultural community that used to form the core of Japanese society began to dissolve and with that changed also the perception of festivals. The aim of this thesis is, through illustrating various factors and analyzing available as well as my own statictical data, to find the answer to the question of what role such slávnosťs play in modern Japanese society. At the end of my thesis I will present a case study of the Gion matsuri, that has been held almost without interruption for more than a thousand years. Key words: Japanese culture, traditional festivals, matsuri, Gion matsuri, social ties, commercialization
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