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Theory of interventions and the concept of minimal intervention
Cvrček, Václav ; Sgall, Petr (advisor) ; Čermák, František (referee) ; Kořenský, Jan (referee)
Theory of Interventions Theory of Interventions was elaborated as a general methodological and sociolinguistic theory describing 1) influences which can change the language development (types of intervention, their effect and their classification) and 2) the possible ways how to design relationship between linguists, speakers and language. According to this theory, language is an object which is exposed to interventions (metaphor of an Brownian motion from physics, p. 19). Among other possible divisions, interventions can be of two types: individual and institutionalized (p. 18). Individual interventions include processes of (self-)censorship, proofreading or language management in media. These interventions create a spontaneous order, they are plural and variable. Therefore they mutually interfere and their impact is very small or none (they almost never influence the immanent evolution of language). On the other hand, institutionalized interventions include processes leading to standardization of language, language education or language politics. Impact of institutionalized interventions can influence development of language, because they are monopoly and because of their authority.
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A comparative study of the word order in the German and Czech languages and the definition of the canonical sequences of syntactic relations
Dědičová, Helena ; Hajičová, Eva (advisor) ; Sgall, Petr (referee) ; Dovalil, Vít (referee)
This thesis describes the functional generative description of language with which so called "Prague School" worked since the 1960s and describes sentence structure of selected German writings of belletristic literature with the consideration of word order and functional sentence perspective. The problem of word order and functional sentence perspective was already studied by members of "Prague Linguistic Circle". The theory of functional sentence perspective was compiled mainly by Vilem Mathesius. Functional generative description of language follows principles and theories of this circle of the most important Czech and foreign linguists; first of all to the functional approach to the language and all its parts, very important is also the generative conception of the syntax. The thesis is divided into theoretical and material. Firstly, the teoretical part describes German lingustic tradition. There the evolution of German linguistics is described dealing with the problems of the word order and functional sentence perspective since the 19th century to the present day. Further, the basic German monographs are analyzed and compared with respect to the compilation of the word order and functional sentence perspective. Then, the comparison and analysis of German writings which directly pursue with these themes...
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Automatic Analysis of Temporal Relations Within a Discourse and Its Application Within a Machine Translation Framework
Němec, Petr ; Hajičová, Eva (advisor) ; Sgall, Petr (referee) ; Horák, Aleš (referee)
In this thesis we present a developed system of automatic analysis of temporal relations within a discourse for Czech and discuss possibilities to use the system to enhance a Czech-to-English machine translation system. We introduce the respective components related to this scenario: the scheme of annotation of temporal relations within a discourse, the created corpus annotated for temporality, the system of automatic analysis of temporal relations itself, the generative component of a Czech-to-English machine translation system producing English sentences and the experiments with improving the quality of this component by adding the information on temporal relations. Furthermore, in connection to the generative component, we present an implemented tree-rewriting formalism that allows for the required tree transformations.
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Theory of interventions and the concept of minimal intervention
Cvrček, Václav ; Sgall, Petr (advisor) ; Čermák, František (referee) ; Kořenský, Jan (referee)
Theory of Interventions Theory of Interventions was elaborated as a general methodological and sociolinguistic theory describing 1) influences which can change the language development (types of intervention, their effect and their classification) and 2) the possible ways how to design relationship between linguists, speakers and language. According to this theory, language is an object which is exposed to interventions (metaphor of an Brownian motion from physics, p. 19). Among other possible divisions, interventions can be of two types: individual and institutionalized (p. 18). Individual interventions include processes of (self-)censorship, proofreading or language management in media. These interventions create a spontaneous order, they are plural and variable. Therefore they mutually interfere and their impact is very small or none (they almost never influence the immanent evolution of language). On the other hand, institutionalized interventions include processes leading to standardization of language, language education or language politics. Impact of institutionalized interventions can influence development of language, because they are monopoly and because of their authority.
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Variability inanimate Maskulin a literary language problems at school (with a focus on lo singular )
Vybíral, Petr ; Kvapilová Brabcová, Radoslava (advisor) ; Sgall, Petr (referee) ; Minářová, Eva (referee)
For a declension (inflection, declination) of Czech nouns is typical a richness of inflexional types and their endings. They either mark strongish a homonymy (e.g . type outhouse/'staveni), or a synonymic. Through their positional final variants (allomorphics) are generated a synonymic endings doublet forms (formative variants). A description of distribution these variant endings is in Czech morphological interesting and doctrinal task. Namely above all therefore, we learn to understand especially specification a literary language at school. Then we have to keep it as much as is possible, because we have a sense of responsibility to our literary language norm. Don't being wanted to break its, we are obliged think about it, which one of endings is literary, if need be are not literary already both of them. Since the Gebauer's date to contemporary The Hand Grammar Czech (Příruční mluvnice češtiny) enter to the games at classification these endings a philological interventions. They evaluated these endings and described its on the axes correct - wron or literary - non-literary. Off at the same time no-stays nor a look dialectological. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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